基于单片机的粮库温湿度监控系统设计【自动化毕业论文开题报告外文翻译说明书】.zip
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基于单片机的粮库温湿度监控系统设计【自动化毕业论文开题报告外文翻译说明书】.zip,自动化毕业论文开题报告外文翻译说明书,系统的设计【说明书论文开题报告外文翻译】,基于单片机的,系统【说明书论文开题报告外文翻译】,自动化系统设计,毕业设计论文,自动化毕业论文,毕业设计论文开题报告
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毕 业 设 计（论 文）任 务 书1本毕业设计（论文）课题应达到的目的： 通过毕业设计，使学生受到自动化工程师所必备的综合训练，在不同程度上提高各种设计及应用能力，具体包括以下几方面：1. 调查研究、中外文献检索与阅读的能力。2. 综合运用专业理论、知识分析解决实际问题的能力。3. 定性与定量相结合的独立研究与论证的能力。4. 实验方案的制定、仪器设备的选用、调试及实验数据的测试、采集与分析处理的能力。5. 设计、计算与绘图的能力，包括使用计算机的能力。6. 逻辑思维与形象思维相结合的文字及口头表达的能力。2本毕业设计（论文）课题任务的内容和要求（包括原始数据、技术要求、工作要求等）： 1.本课题设计的是一个实时温湿度监控系统，主要应用于控制环境空间的温度和相对湿度，从系统控制的角度来看，属于纯滞后控制，并且系统在报警、记录、控制、通信等方面的自动化和智能化也比较完善。温湿度控制系统以AT89C51单片机为控制核心，采用温湿度传感器SHT11作为检测元件，结合MAX 813L看门狗构成的。2.设计系统的硬件电路和软件程序，包括详细的硬件设备配置，系统连接，调试等详细步骤；3.最终完成一篇符合金陵科技学院毕业论文规范的系统技术文档，包括各类技术资料，电路图纸等；4.设计方案合理，能够体现一定的创新性。5.能够完成各项规定的任务，参加最后的毕业设计答辩。毕 业 设 计（论 文）任 务 书3对本毕业设计（论文）课题成果的要求包括图表、实物等硬件要求： 1.按期完成一篇符合金陵科技学院论文规范的毕业设计说明书（毕业论文），能详细说明设计步骤和思路；2.能有结构完整，合理可靠的技术方案；3.能有相应的电气部分硬件电路设计说明；4.有相应的图纸和技术参数说明。5.要求调试成功，并在答辩时完成实际系统展示。4主要参考文献： 1.王俊峰,孟令启.现代传感器应用技术M.北京:机械工业出版社,2007.2.彭建英. 基于单片机温湿度监控系统的设计J.机械工程与自动化,2013,(4)3.李叶紫. 数字化粮情温湿度监控系统J.北华航天工业学院学报,2010,(5)4.方卉. 基于单片机的温湿度监控系统J.科技与企业,2012,(9)5.陈荣坤. 基于STC12C5A60S2单片机的智能家居环境监控系统的设计与实现J.智能计算机与应用,2015,(3).6.何立民. 单片机高级教程(第1版)M北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2001.7.赵晓安. MCS-51单片机原理及应用M. 天津：天津大学出版社，2001.8.李广第 单片机基础M北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，1999.9.徐惠民，安德宁 单片微型计算机原理接口与应用M 北京：北京邮电大学出版社，1996。10.金发庆.传感器技术与应用M.北京:机械工业出版社,2006.11.夏继强. 单片机实验与实践教程M. 北京：北京航空航天大学出版社, 2001. 12.孙洪程.过程控制工程设计(第2版)M.北京:化学工业出版社,2009.13.魏克新.自动控制综合应用技术M.北京:机械工业出版社,2007.14.白志刚.自动调节系统解析与PID整定M.北京:化学工业出版社,2012.15.沈聿农.传感器及应用技术M.北京:化学工业出版社,2001.16.范晶彦.传感器与检测技术应用M.北京:机械工业出版社,2005.毕 业 设 计（论 文）任 务 书5本毕业设计（论文）课题工作进度计划：2015.11.102015.12.13调研、收集相关资料、对学生进行初步辅导，拟题、选题、填写任务书。2015.12.152015.12.31学生查看任务书，为毕业设计的顺利完成，进行前期准备。12月31日前正式下发任务书。12月21日两个系提交专业选题分析总结（撰写要求详见对内通知中附件2）2016.01.092016.04.05学生在指导教师的具体指导下进行毕业设计创作；拟定论文提纲或设计说明书（下称文档）提纲；撰写及提交开题报告、外文参考资料及译文、论文大纲；在2016年4月5日前学生要提交基本完成的毕业设计创作成果以及文档的撰写提纲，作为中期检查的依据。指导教师指导、审阅，定稿由指导教师给出评语，对论文主要工作未通过的学生下发整改通知。2016.04.062016.04.10提交中期课题完成情况报告给指导教师审阅；各专业组织中期检查（含毕业设计成果验收检查）。2016.04.112016.05.10进行毕业设计文档撰写；2016年5月8日为学生毕业设计文档定稿截止日。2016年5月9日-13日，指导教师和评阅教师通过毕业设计（论文）管理系统对学生的毕业设计以及文档进行评阅，包括打分和评语。5月1日前，做好答辩安排，通知学生回校进行答辨2016.05.142016.05.15查看答辩安排，毕业设计（论文）小组答辩2016.05.162016.05.29对未通过答辨的学生进行二次答辨完成毕业设计的成绩录入2016.05.302016.06.07根据答辩情况修改毕业设计（论文）的相关材料，并在毕业设计（论文）管理系统中上传最终稿，并且上交纸质稿。2016年6月7日为学生毕业设计文档最终稿提交截止日。2016.06.072016.06.30各系提交本届毕业设计（论文）的工作书面总结及相关材料。所在专业审查意见：通过负责人： 2015 年 12 月21 日 毕 业 设 计（论文） 开 题 报 告 1结合毕业设计（论文）课题情况，根据所查阅的文献资料，每人撰写不少于1000字左右的文献综述： 随着我国社会逐步稳定和高速发展，我国的农业也在迅速发展，而温室农业也就成了当今社会的新生力量。而且随着我国土地正在进行聚集化，大型农场正在成型，所以对温室环境下的这种粮食管理越有效粮食作物的产量也就越高，但是粮仓里的一些变化情况不可能专门派人实时监控，所以我们需要一种监控系统，一种可以监测粮库温湿度的系统。随着传感器技术、计算机应用技术、超大规模集成电路技术和网络通信技术的发展，监控系统广泛应用于工农业生产等领域，在此同时，粮仓温湿度监控技术的研究在软、硬件等方面都有了一定的进展。随着传感器技术、计算机应用技术、超大规模集成电路技术和网络通信技术的发展，监控系统广泛应用于工农业生产等领域，在此同时，粮仓温湿度监控技术的研究在软、硬件等方面都有了一定的进展。 初期，以热敏电阻，湿敏电阻作为传感器件，通过检测电阻的变化来反映粮食温湿度的变化，为粮食保管提供参考依据。采用人工测量与人工抄录、管理相结合的传统方法，并且用人工的办法对粮食进行晾晒，通风，喷洒药剂防止因存储不当引起的温湿度异常及虫害，消耗了大量的人力和财力，效率较低，然而往往由于判断失误和管理不力，效果不佳，发霉变质等现象大量存在。广大科技工作者近30年的共同努力下，粮情检测技术不断完善、提高、并日趋成熟，逐步形成了样式繁多的粮情检测系统，为安全、科学储粮起到了积极作用。目前，国内生产的粮仓温湿度监控系统品种繁多，系统结构各异，在粮仓内外温湿度检测、粮食内部温湿度检测及分析、通风机械的控制等方面，比之前有了不少进步但仍有进步空间。 国外的温湿度监控系统相对比较先进，主要体现在以下三个方面： （1）无论是传感器的测量精度、反应速度、稳定性、功能多样性还是使用环境方面，国外的传感器都比较先进。 （2）构成系统整体的测控技术和管理，无论是硬件还是软件，都已普遍采用相应的标准模块集成，并且早已实现组态。 （3）系统结构已经普遍采用网络连接的现场总线技术(FCS)，有些需要的场合，则连接到Internet上，实现远程控制、远程诊断。 本次设计就是基于社会需要以及现有技术的支持下完成的基于单片机的粮库温湿度监控系统的设计。温湿度监控系统主要应用于控制环境空间的温度和相对湿度，从系统控制的角度来看，属于纯滞后控制，而这一技术已经相当成熟。目前研制高精度，高性能，多功能的温湿度监控系统是主流，提高可靠性、灵活性和降低成本也是其考虑的重点，并且系统在报警、记录、控制、通信等方面的自动化和智能化也将逐步完善。主要参考文献： 1 李玉梅.基于MCS-51系列单片机原理的应用设计M.北京:国防工业出版社,2006.2 钟富昭.8051单片机典型模块设计与应用M.北京:人民邮电出版社,2007. 3 欧阳文.ATMEL89系列单片机的原理与开发实践M.北京:中国电力出版社,2007.4 林申茂.8051单片机彻底研究实习篇M.北京:中国电力出版社,2007.5 李朝青.单片机原理及接口技术第三版M.北京.航空航天大学出版社,2006.6 李晓妮.单片机温度控制系统的设计J.九江学院学报,2005.7 张开生，郭国法.MCS-51单片机温度控制系统的设计J.微计算机信息,2005.8 张朋，刘洪.智能温度测量模块的设计J.电力自动化设备,2005.9 夏晓南.基于单片机的温箱温度和湿度的控制J.现代电子技术,2005. 10 方玉鑫.基于单片机的温湿度控制系统的研究与应用D.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学出版社,2012.11 李士军，吴巨鑫，温竹，王艳梅.基于S3C2440的粮库温湿度自动控制系统J.中国农机化学报,2014. 12 郭大川，张鹏.基于单片机的温湿度控制系统J.广播电视信息,2009.13 刘军.单片机原理与接口技术M.上海:华东理工大学出版社,2006.14 PENG Yan-fei DONG Li Design of Temperature and Humidity Control for Greenhouses J China Science and Technology Information,2007.15 PENG Hong Wang Yufeng Intelligent Comprehensive Monitoring and Controlling System of the Granary J China Science and Technology Information,2006.毕 业 设 计（论文） 开 题 报 告 2本课题要研究或解决的问题和拟采用的研究手段（途径）： 本课题要解决的问题：本次设计的课题是粮库温湿度监测系统。该系统实现的基本功能为：检测粮库各处的储藏温度、湿度并显示其值；且当粮库内的温湿度超过设定值的时候，该监控系统将会进行报警，与此同时，步进电机拖动风扇将会自动调节自身转速，从而调节粮仓内的温湿度，使粮仓内的温度和湿度保持在一定的范围以内，以保证粮食的安全储藏。并且设计系统的硬件电路和软件程序，包括详细的硬件设备配置，系统连接，程序调试等详细步骤；最终完成一篇符合金陵科技学院毕业论文规范的系统技术文档，包括各类技术资料，电路图纸，程序等。 拟采用的研究手段：本次设计的系统中采用温度传感器采集温度，经过放大电路初步处理后，再由模数转换器ADC将接收到的模拟量转换为数字量；而系统的另一个采集湿度的功能则是由一个将湿度采集器HS放置于555定时器的振荡电路来完成，该电路可以将电容值的变化转换为与之成反比的电压频率信号，再经过与单片机相连，通过其数据口输出送到数码管进行实时显示。当粮仓的温湿度低于设定值得下限时，蜂鸣器报警，并通过关闭风扇和通风口的措施来提高粮仓内的温度；反之，当粮仓内的温湿度高于设定值的上限时，蜂鸣器报警，且同时打开通风口或提高风扇电机的转速，通风降热，使粮仓内温湿度回到设定值范围内。以此来保证粮仓内的温湿度保持在正常范围内。毕 业 设 计（论文） 开 题 报 告 指导教师意见：1对“文献综述”的评语：综述内容较为丰富，参考文献合理，概括了粮库温湿度监控系统的相关背景、基础知识、历史发展等，同时还对本课题所研究的任务进行了一定的阐述，对本课题的研究有一定的指导意义。2对本课题的深度、广度及工作量的意见和对设计（论文）结果的预测：本课题研究的任务是对粮库温湿度监控系统进行设计，技术相对成熟，深度中等，但是涉及到的知识面较广，例如传感器技术、电机控制、单片机技术，学生可以通过实例调研，查阅专业资料，进行系统调试，来实现最终的设计任务和结果，并对自己的专业应用能力是一个非常大的提高。3.是否同意开题： 同意 不同意 指导教师： 2016 年 03 月 23 日所在专业审查意见：同意 负责人： 2016 年 03 月 28 日说明：要求学生结合毕业设计（论文）课题参阅一篇以上的外文资料，并翻译至少一万印刷符（或译出3千汉字）以上的译文。译文原则上要求打印（如手写，一律用400字方格稿纸书写），连同学校提供的统一封面及英文原文装订，于毕业设计（论文）工作开始后2周内完成，作为成绩考核的一部分。New Environment Parameters Monitoring And Control System For Greenhouse Based On Master-slave DistributedAbstract-According to the actual need of monitoring and control of greenhouse environment parameters in rural areas,a master-slave distributed measurement and control system is designed,in which PC is taken as the host. The system consists of PC ,soil moisture measurement and control module,temperature and humidity, and CO2 monitoring and control module. In the system,PC has large amount of data storage which is easy to make use of fuzzy control expert system,configuration software-KingView is used to develop software for PC,by which the development cycle is shorten and a friendly human-computer interaction is provided.Each monitoring and control module consists of STC12 series of microcontrollers,sensors,relays etc.Different modules are select based on the need if system to achieve control greenhouse in partition and block.1. IntroductionTo modern indoor agriculture, the automatic measurement and control of environment parameters is the key to achieve crop yield and quality of greenhouse.In recent years,facilities agriculture develops vigorously in our country,matched with it,the monitoring and control instrument of greenhouse have also made certain development.After nearly 10 years of unremitting hard work,our research team of measurement and control system of agriculture environment parameters,designed an intelligent measurement and control system of distribution combined of greenhouse which can be popularized in the vast rural areas.This system is mainly control of temperature,humidity,CO2 concentration,soil moisture and illumination of greenhouse.OF SCM,as the data storage is small,display interface is single,amount of information is limited,but its capability price ratio is high,so it is used as a front unit of data acquisition and control;and of PC,it has a large amount of data storage,rich software,convenient human-computer interaction,and so on.If we use outdated and low-priced PC,taking the PC as the upper machine,taking the different function control modules composed of multiple microcomputers as the lower machines,then a master-slave distributed and intelligent control system bases on microcomputer is made up,by which both better monitoring and control,display and data collection or management are achieved,but also lower cost of system is get according to the actual need. 2. System Structure and PrincipleThe most marked feature of the distribution combined and intelligent control system greenhouse is that of incorporating with data acquisition, control and management as a whole,module combination, simple structure,convenient human-computer interaction,and using technology of intelligent expert fuzzy control,which can adapt to a variety of crop management control in greenhouse.The basic structure of the system is shown in Fig.1.The structure of the distributed system is composed of two layers:the upper and lower.In the top-price PC is taken as the host to make system management and experts fuzzy operation in intelligent,and to provide a friendly human-computer interface,and to realize the united monitoring and management of greenhouse; the lower is composed of a series of modules of different function,and in each module,a single chip of AT89C is adopted as the lower machine,RS485 is used to communicate PC with all AT89C,and then the collection,processing and control of the greenhouse parameters is achieved.Each function module is completely isolated in electrical,any failure on the nodule does not produce any effect on other modules.The system collects separately ways of environment information through each monitoring and control module,and sends it to host PC through the RS485 interface.And in the PC configuration control system,the acquired parameters are compared with the values of setting,then according to a variety of expert intelligent fuzzy control system of crops at different growth stages,the fuzzy control instructions on the environment temperature,humidity,CO2 concentration,soil water content and the corresponding operation instructions or alarm are given.The system is applied in rural greenhouses in Qinhuangdao.Usually at 1/4 near East and West end in a greenhouse,and at the height of 1.5m from the ground in the middle in the northern half (near the wet curtain) and the southern half (near the fan ),a module of air temperature and humidity ,CO2 concentration and a module of soil moisture content are set;a module of soil moisture content will be added in the middle of the greenhouse according to the actual condition;at the height of 1.5m in the main entrance,a water tank is set,of which the solenoid of drip tube should be set based on the need and controlled by module of soil moisture content;and the PC is placed in the main entrance to the greenhouse.3. Hardware DesignA. The CP and communication systemIn the distributed system of data acquisition and control,as the micro control unit is limited in data storage and slow in calculating of complex functions,so PC is used and the master-slave module is adopted in the system,that is a system of,taking PC as the host and taking the SCM systems located in the scene as slave.In this distributed system,communication is the key to it.Generally,the serial port of PC is standard RS232,of which transmission distance is shorter.But in agriculture control system.its communication distance is of tens of meters or several kilometers, so RS232/RS485 converter is used to achieve communication between the PC and SCM.To reduce investment,both considering the user convenience and friendly human-computer interaction,low-price PC of above 486 and below PIV is adopted;and considering the operation of configuration software,it is required that memory is 64M or above and hard disk is 10Gb or above.B. The control modules of temperature and humidity,illuminance and CO2 concentrationEach control unit consists of SCM,sensors,signal processing circuit,RS485 interface and output circuit.The hardware structure of module of temperature and humidity,CO2 concentration is shown in Fig.2.CO2 concentration is measured by sensor based on NDIR technology,measurement is of 02103mol.Through the sensor,control system,by software of digital filter,linear interpolation and temperature compensation,the CO2 concentration is output as digital adhered to UART protocol,and then is input directly to the SCM.The new intelligent sensor of SHT11 based on CMOSens technology is chosen in the measurement of temperature and humidity.In SHT11,the temperature and humidity sensors,signal amplification,A/D,I2C bus are all integrated in a chip;it has full-scale calibration,second-line digital output,and humidity measuring range of 0100% RH,temperature measurement range of -40+123.8,humidity measurement accuracy of 3.0% RH,temperature measurement accuracy of 0.4,the response time of 4s.The illuminance sensor of JY1-TBQ-6 of silicon photovoltaic detection is used Light measuring.Its measurement range is 0200,000 Lux;spectral range is 400700(nm) visible light;measurement error is less than 2%; output is 420mA or 020mV;output signal can be directly send to the A/D of the SCM after being amplified to 04V.Modules accept the instructions form the the Upper,and output via the output circuit .The output circuit consists of optical isolation,the signal driver and the output relays.C. The measurement and control modules of soil moistureWater is a polar medium, the dielectric constant of the soil containing water is mainly determined by the water,when water content is different,the wave impedance is different.The soil moisture is measured by standing wave radio method in this system.Based on the theory of Engineering Electromagnetic Field,for lossy medium,the electromagnetic wave impedance as follows: Z0=/(1+j/()Where is medium permeability,and of soil is 0 is the vacuum permeability; is medium dielectric constant; is medium conductivity; is electromagnetic wave frequency.In the very low audio(2000Hz),the loss tangent of dry soil dielectric is /0.07,if you choose the frequency of the signal source at above 20MHz.then,the imaginary part of the soil wave impedance is neglect,only the real part,which amounts to a pure resistance.Soil moisture sensor consists of 100MHz signal source,a coaxial transmission line and a 4-pin stainless probe.The electromagnetic waves of signal transmit to the probe along the lines.As the probe impedance and line impedance are different,the superimposition of incident waves and reflected waves forms a standing waves.Taking the coaxial transmission line as a lossless uniform line,wave impedance is Z0,Zl is the load impedance.Then the reflected coefficient of voltage wave at the probe is:= （ZL-Z0）/(ZL+Z0)Choosing the length of transmission line is l=/4,the maximum and minimum of both ends of the line are Umax and Umin,Then the standing wave radio in the line can be expressed as:S=Umax /Umin =(1-|)/(1+|)In the way,the soil moisture radio can be measured by measuring the standing wave rate of transmission line.As shown in Fig.3.,soil moisture module consists of sensors and controllers,the sensors are subordinated to controllers,controllers can be omitted without the need of irrigation in greenhouse.To simplify the control,irrigation technology of node-type in partition is adopted in the control soil moisture in this system.To a certain extent,the parameters of upper and lower the ground can be decoupled by adopting this technology.IV CONTROL SYSTEM PROGRAMMINGThe software of PC is developed by KingView 6.51 of Beijing-controlled Asia.This configuration software has high reliability,shorter development cycle,perfect capability of graphical interface generation,and friendly human-computer interaction;and can create dynamic images and charts in accordance with the layout of equipment in the scene;can visually display the changes of parameters,control status,and can give an alarm when over-limited;and can achieve fuzzy control of greenhouse parameters by using the history curve of environment parameters stored in the specific database and adopting the agricultural expert system.The software of SCM of the slave is developed by Keil C51 to achieve real-time collecting,processing,uploading of the parameters and accept the fuzzy control instructions from the host computer and complete local control of the device.A. Program design of the control moduleThe software of the sub-slave machine of soil moisture module,that include the main function,subroutines of data acquisition and processing,interrupt handling and communicating etc,read the value of standing wave voltage through the parallel data port and obtained the value of soil moisture content by function calculating.The software of the slave machine of monitoring and control of soil moisture mainly complete data communication with the sub-slave machine,uploading measurement data and current control state to the host computer,accepting the fuzzy control instructions from the host computer and output the implementation instructions.The software of the slave machine of temperature and humidity,and CO2 mainly complete reading data of CO2 concentrations and temperature and humidity through the I2C concentration,uploading measurement data and current control state to the host computer,accepting the fuzzy control instructions from the host computer and output the implementation instructions.The structure of the main program and interrupt subroutine of temperature and humidity module are shown in Fig.4.The serial interrupt mode 3 is adopted by all slaves to communicate with the host,transmit the digital collecting and receive instructions.B. Program design of PC and fuzzy control system 1) The communication settings of KingView 6.51:In order to ensure the correctness of communication,the upper and lower must follow the same communication protocol,set the communication parameters.Usually in communication,master-slave mode is adopted in style and responder is adopted in the process.That is ,the master sent a command to the slave first,then et slave give an answer after receiving the command,thus once communication is completed.In KingView ,a scheduled polling method is adopted to do reading and writing between the lower machine by PC.In the project browser of KingView,first,click device COM1;in the wizard of device configuration,select intelligent modulesSCMcurrent SCM of HEXserial port,and then ser parameters for the host computers communication.2) The connection of KingView 6.51 and database:Database is the core of the software,that not only contains the definition of variables,real-time parameters and the historical parameters,but also is needed by parameters alarming,fuzzy calculating,reporting ,and displaying.Access2003 desktop database is used as records database of the system,and by using SQL,it is operated by KingView via ODBC.The procedure is :to create data variables in KingView to create a body of records to establish a data source of ODBC to create query screens and make the screen connection.To connected with Microsoft Access2003,the functions of SQLConnect(),SQLSelect(),SQLLast(),SQLNext(),SQLFist(),SQLPrew(),SQLInsrt(),and so on,should be implemented in the command language,and then real-time storage and inquiry of data are completed.3) Software design of PC :For the control system of greenhouse,data storage capacity of the PC is unlimited,so if the existing mature software modules are include into the system,it both be relaxed and can improve the system reliability.The software of software consists of control module and management module.Software of the system consists of the main control interface,auxiliary,databases,etc.A typical main interface of monitoring and control of PC is shown in Fig.5.V. CONCLUSIONAccording to the economic bearing capacity of farmer in Qinhuangdao ,with the existing technology of monitoring and control of environment parameters of greenhouse,a master-slave distributed automatic control system of greenhouse environment in which PC is taken as the host computer is developed.The system has following characteristics:1) With the large amount of data storage of PC,fuzzy control expert system is easy of data storage,modification and system upgrading.2) By using KingView to develop software of PC,the system reliability is improved,and the development cycle is shorten,and a friendly human-computer interface is get.3) A distributed and modular structure is used in the system,it makes the system maintenance easier and adapts to production needs more. The monitoring and control modules of the slave are connected to the host through the RS485 bus based on needs,then the control of greenhouse in partition or block can be achieved.AcknowledgmentThis work is supported by Agricultural Science and Technology Achievement Transformation Fund Project.译文：基于主从分布式新的温室环境参数监测和控制系统一、 简介现代化农业的室内，环境参数的自动测量和控制是实现作物产量和品质的关键。在近年来，设施农业在我国蓬勃发展，与之匹配的，具有监测和控制仪器的温室也有取得了一定的发展。近10年的不懈努力，我们的研究团队在农业环境参数的测量和控制系统上，设计了一个智能测量和控制系统相分布结合的温室，可以在广大农村地区适用。这个系统主要是控制温度、湿度、二氧化碳浓度、土壤水分和照明温室。单片机，作为数据存储空间较小，单一的显示接口，有限的信息容量，但其有较高的性价比，因此它作为前端的数据采集和控制单元为PC使用，它有大量的数据存储，丰富的软件，方便的人机交互等优点。如果我们使用过时的和低价的电脑,以PC机作为上位机,以不同的功能控制模块和多个微型计算机作为降低机器,然后组成一个基于微机的主从分布式和智能化控制系统,既更好的监视和控制、显示和数据收集或管理的实现,而且费用低,系统会根据实际的需要选择。二、 系统结构及原理最显着的特点是分配和智能控制系统温室相结合，这将作为一个整体，模块组合结构简单，方便的人机交互与数据采集，控制和管理，并采用模糊控制技术的智能专家，可以组成适应多种作物管理控制的温室。其基本结构系统是图1所示。分布式系统的结构是由两层组成：上部和下部。由最佳价格PC被取为主机，使其能够智能系统管理和专家模糊运算，并提供一个友好的人机界面，并实现统一的监控和管理的温室;下部是由一系列不同功能的模块，并且在每个模块中，一个单一的芯片作为下位机采用AT89C52，RS485则用于与所有AT89C52 PC进行通信，然后实现收集，处理和控制的温室参数。每个功能模块是完全地电气隔离，任何失败的结节不会对其他模块产生任何影响。系统通过分别收集环境信息的方式，每个监控和控制模块，并通过RS485接口将其发送到主机PC。并且由PC配置控制系统，额定参数的设定值进行比较，然后根据专家智能模糊控制系统测量作物在不同生长阶段的各种环境的温度，湿度，CO2浓度，土壤含水量进行相应的操作指令或报警，模糊控制指令。在秦皇岛农村大棚。通常在一个温室的近东和西区的1/4区域，距离地面为1.5米的中间北部的一半（近湿帘）和南部的一半（风扇附近的），设置一个模块检测空气温度、湿度、二氧化碳浓度和土壤水分含量，根据实际情况，将土壤含水量模块添加在温室的中间;在高度为1.5米的主入口，设置一个水箱，其中的电磁阀滴水管应根据土壤水分含量的需要设置和控制，并且将电脑放置在主入口的温室内。三、 硬件设计 A. CP和通信系统 分布式系统中的数据采集和控制：由于微型控制单元局限于在数据存储和计算复杂，所以电脑所的使用和主从模块系统所采用的，这是一个系统，以PC机作为主机，以单片机作为子机。在这种分布式系统中，通信是关键。通常，PC机的串行端口是标准的RS232，传输距离较短。但是在农业控制系统，其通信距离的数十公尺或几公里，所以RS232 / RS485转换器通过PC机与单片机之间的通信来实现。减少投资，既考虑用户方便和友好的人机交互，低价电脑的上面和下面采用PIV 486，并考虑组态软件的操作，内存是必须是64M以上，硬盘是10GB以上。B.控制模块的温度和湿度，照明度和CO2浓度每个控制单元包括供应链管理（SCM），传感器，信号处理电路，RS485接口和输出环节。此模块的温度和湿度，二氧化碳浓度的硬件结构示于图2。基于NDIR技术测量CO2浓度的传感器，测量范围是02103摩尔。通过传感器，控制系统，利用软件数字滤波、线性插值和
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