基于单片机的测速系统设计【自动化毕业论文开题报告外文翻译说明书】.zip
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自动化毕业论文开题报告外文翻译说明书
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基于单片机的测速
说明书】.zip
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基于单片机的测速系统设计【自动化毕业论文开题报告外文翻译说明书】.zip,自动化毕业论文开题报告外文翻译说明书,毕业设计开题报告,基于单片机的测速,说明书】.zip,设计开题报告,系统的毕业设计
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毕 业 设 计（论 文）任 务 书1本毕业设计（论文）课题应达到的目的： 通过毕业设计，使学生受到电气工程师所必备的综合训练，在不同程度上提高各种设计及应用能力，具体包括以下几方面：1. 调查研究、中外文献检索与阅读的能力。2. 综合运用专业理论、知识分析解决实际问题的能力。3. 定性与定量相结合的独立研究与论证的能力。4. 设计方案的制定、仪器设备的选用、安装、调试及实验数据的测试、采集与分析处理的能力。5. 设计、计算与绘图的能力，包括使用计算机的能力。6. 逻辑思维与形象思维相结合的文字及口头表达的能力。7. 撰写设计说明书或论文的能力。2本毕业设计（论文）课题任务的内容和要求（包括原始数据、技术要求、工作要求等）： 1本设计应完成将单片机技术引入测速系统的设计之中，要求实现如下控制： 1）能够实现对被测物体速度的检测功能；2）能够实现对所测对象具有里程、速度测试的显示功能；3）设计出具体的测速工作原理图；4）给出了软件流程； 5)既能满足控制要求，又具有高稳定性，更加智能，能够灵活地适应更多的场合。2按时完成开题报告书。3按时完成毕业设计外文参考资料。4能够圆满完成指导老师布置的课题任务，设计方案合理，能够体现一定的创新性。5按时参加答辩，在答辩前各项规定的资料要齐全。毕 业 设 计（论 文）任 务 书3对本毕业设计（论文）课题成果的要求包括图表、实物等硬件要求： 1.按期完成一篇符合金陵科技学院论文规范的毕业设计说明书（毕业论文），能详细说明设计步骤和思路；2.能有结构完整，合理可靠的技术方案；3.能有相应的电气部分硬件电路设计说明；4.有相应的图纸和技术参数说明。5.有相应的软件程序流程图，并给出调试成功后的结论。4主要参考文献： 1李建忠.单片机原理及应用（第二版）M.西安电子科技大学出版社,2008.2周立功.单片机实验与实践教程（三）M.北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2006.3江世明.基于Proteus的单片机应用技术M.北京：电子工业出版社,2009.4何立民.单片机高级教程（应用与设计）M.北京：北京航空航天大学出版,2000.5周明德.单片机原理与技术M.北京：人民邮电出版社，2008.6张永瑞.电子测量技术基础M.西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，2009.7邹久朋.80C51单片机实用技术M.北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2008.8张靖武.单片机系统的Proteus设计与仿真M.北京：电子工业出版社，2007.9周澜景.基于Proteus的电路及单片机系统设计与仿真M.北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2007.10潘永雄.新编单片机原理与应用M.西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，2003.11赵星寒.从零开始教你用单片机M.北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2009.12周澜景.基于Proteus的ARM虚拟开发技术M.北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2006.13孙桂荣,班莹,刘鸣.电机转速测量设计实验.实验室科学,200514陈富安.单片机与可编程控制器应用技术M.电子工业出版，2006.15徐爱钧.单片机原理实用教程-基于Proteus虚拟仿真M.北京：电子工业出版社，2009.毕 业 设 计（论 文）任 务 书5本毕业设计（论文）课题工作进度计划：2015.11.1012.1312.1512.312016.01.0904.0504.0604.1004.1105.1005.1405.1505.1605.2905.3006.0706.0706.30调研、收集相关资料、对学生进行初步辅导，拟题、选题、填写任务书。与指导教师共同确定毕业设计课题学生查看任务书，为毕业设计的顺利完成，进行前期准备。12月31日前正式下发任务书。学生在指导教师的具体指导下进行毕业设计创作；拟定论文提纲或设计说明书（下称文档）提纲；撰写及提交开题报告、外文参考资料及译文、论文大纲； 在2016年4月5日前学生要提交基本完成的毕业设计创作成果以及文档的撰写提纲，作为中期检查的依据。指导教师指导、审阅，定稿由指导教师给出评语，对论文主要工作未通过的学生下发整改通知。提交中期课题完成情况报告给指导教师审阅；各专业组织中期检查（含毕业设计成果验收检查）。进行毕业设计文档撰写；2016年5月8日为学生毕业设计文档定稿截止日。2016年5月9日-13日，指导教师和评阅教师通过毕业设计（论文）管理系统对学生的毕业设计以及文档进行评阅，包括打分和评语。5月1日前，做好答辩安排，通知学生回校进行答辨查看答辩安排，毕业设计（论文）小组答辩对未通过答辨的学生进行二次答辨完成毕业设计的成绩录入根据答辩情况修改毕业设计（论文）的相关材料，并在毕业设计（论文）管理系统中上传最终稿，并且上交纸质稿。2016年6月7日为学生毕业设计文档最终稿提交截止日。各系提交本届毕业设计（论文）的工作书面总结及相关材料。所在专业审查意见：通过负责人： 2015 年 12 月21 日 毕 业 设 计（论文） 开 题 报 告 1结合毕业设计（论文）课题情况，根据所查阅的文献资料，每人撰写不少于1000字左右的文献综述： 1.研究意义在工程实践中，经常会遇到各种需要测量转速的场合。例如在发动机、电动机、卷扬机、机床主轴等旋转设备的试验、运转和控制中，常需要分时或连续测量和显示其转速及瞬时转速。要测速，首先要解决是采样问题。在使用模技术制作测速表时，常用测速发电机的方法，即将测速发电机的转轴与待测轴相连，测速发电机的电压高低反映了转速的高低。为了能精确地测量转速外，还要保证测量的实时性，要求能测得瞬时转速方法。该测速系统的设计可广泛的应用于工厂电机的工作监控，汽车行驶速度显示，温室机器人的精密控制等技术领域，也可应用于复杂恶劣的航天航空工作环境，具有良好的民用和军用应用前景。本设计以通用MCS-51单片机为处理核心，用传感器将被测物体的转数转换为电脉冲，进行处理后送入单片机。里程及速度的测量，是经过MCS-51的定时/计数器测出总的脉冲数和每转一圈的时间，再经过单片机的计算得出，其结果通过LED显示器显示出来。2.研究现状目前见到的许多关于测速与控制类文献中，以测量电机转速为例，采用电涡流式传感器，磁电式传感器，光电式传感器作为测速电机的重要元件。霍尔传感器的电机测速装置由单片机控制,能够精确测速电机的转速，来控制电机的工作情况等多种功能。因此，霍尔传感器的电机测速装置可以看成简单的“计数器”,在我们的日常生活中，霍尔传感器被广泛应用。例如，在翻盖或是滑盖的手机中，用来检测手机盖翻开或是滑动的器件就是霍尔传感器；再如，在电脑键盘上，实现光标移动的滚动键就是由霍尔传感器组成的；还有，在汽车变速箱、电动门窗等需要电机的部件中也有霍尔传感器的应用。我们在每天的生活中都在与霍尔传感器打交道。从发展趋势上看，总体的研究方向是提出质量更精确的测速方案，以及在考虑在复杂的环境中工作也能保持性能的稳定性。更加广泛的应用国民的生活生产中去。转速是工程中应用非常广泛的一个参数，其测量方法较多，而模拟量的采集和模拟处理一直是转速测量的主要方法，这种测量方法已不能适应现代科技发展的要求，在测量范围和测量精度上，已不能满足大多数系统的使用。传统式的转速测量通常是采用测速发电机为检测元件，这种方法是模拟式的，因此其得到的信号是电压信号，其抗干扰能力差，灵活性差。随着微型计算机的广泛应用，现在的转速测量普遍采用了以单片机为核心的数字化测量，其通常采用光电编码器，霍尔元件等为检测元件。随着大规模及超大规模集成电路技术的发展，数字系统测量得到普遍应用，特别是单片机对脉冲数字信号的强大处理能力，使得全数字测量系统越来越普及，其转速测量系统也可以用全数字化处理。在测量范围和测量精度方面都有极大的提高。因此，本课题的目的是：对各种测量转速的基本方法予以分析，针对不同的应用环境，利用80C51系列单片机设计一种全数字化测速系统，从提高测量精度的角度出发，分析讨论其产生误差的可能原因，为今后的实际使用提供借鉴。并从实际硬件电路出发，分析电路工作原理和软件流程，根据仿真情况提出修改方案和解决办法。在研究方法上，有的采用软件仿真，从理论作深入的研究；有的通过实践总结提出一些具有使用价值的实践方法。在调速方案上，有采用普通的PWM调速，也有特殊PWM(PWM-ON-PWM)调速以及其它调速方式。另外速度测量方案通常有光电式和磁电式，霍尔传感式，也有用超声波测量的方案。霍尔传感器的测速装置设计，是检测被测物体的速度来监控被测物体的运行状况，因此，需解决两方面的基本问题：一是在被测物体转动过程中利用传感器感知被测物体运行状态;二是采用适当的算法进行被测物体的里程的计算。其设计内容涵盖机械，单片机，自动控制，电子电路，传感技术等多个学科的知识领域，本系统的设计采用89C51单片机为控制核心，利用霍尔传感器检测电机转速信号，通过单片机处理信号，在led显示转速，并自动记录运行时间且，并可以自动记录运行里程数。整个系统的电路结构简单，可靠性能高。此项目的研究目标随着随着半导体集成电路，电力电子器件，控制原理和稀土材料工业的发展，可以预见这种产品必然会逐步取代传统结构测速模式，近年来已广泛应用于家电、汽车、数控机床、机器人等更多的领域。在我们的日常生活中，霍尔传感器被广泛应用。例如，在翻盖或是滑盖的手机中，用来检测手机盖翻开或是滑动的器件就是霍尔传感器；再如，在电脑键盘上，实现光标移动的滚动键就是由霍尔传感器组成的；还有，在汽车变速箱、电动门窗等需要电机的部件中也有霍尔传感器的应用。我们在每天的生活中都在与霍尔传感器打交道。毕 业 设 计（论文） 开 题 报 告 2本课题要研究或解决的问题和拟采用的研究手段（途径）： 1.测速系统脉冲计数法是智能测速系统中常用的方法。只要转轴每旋转一周，产生一个或固定的多个脉冲，并将脉冲送入微处理器中进行计数，即可获得转速的信息可以有多种方式来获得脉冲信号。将光电传感器安装在转轴上，当扇叶经过时，可产生脉冲信号。但是光电传感器对灰尘、油污等比较敏感，因此不适宜安装在车轮上。光电编码器和霍尔传感器都不怕灰尘和油污，且都广泛应用于工业现场。但是光电编码器价格较昂贵，霍尔传感器价格便宦且具有体积小、灵敏度高、响应速度快、温度性能好、精确度高、可靠性高等特点，能很好地满足车轮测速系统设计的需要。所以本设计采用霍尔元件对里程与速度进行测量，既简单易行，又经济适用。该系统采用霍尔传感器作为脉冲发生器，具有成本低、性能好、构造简单、在机车处于恶劣的环境系统中具有很强的抗干扰能力。另外它除了可实现速度里程表功能外，还能存储行驶过程重要数据，为被测物体检修提供可靠数据，并可作为分析事故原因提供依据。使用霍尔传感器获得脉冲信号，其机械结构也可以做得较为简单，只要在转轴的齿轮盘上粘上一粒磁钢，霍尔元件固定在前叉上，当车子转动时霍尔元件靠近磁钢，就有信号输出，转轴旋转时，就会不断地产生脉冲信号输出。如果在齿轮盘上粘上多粒磁钢，可以实现旋转一周，获得多个脉冲输出。在粘磁钢时要注意，霍尔传感器对磁场方向敏感，粘之前可以先手动接近一下传感器，如果没有信号输出，可以换一个方向再试。这种传感器不怕灰尘、油污，在工业现场应用广泛。测试结果表明，运用该方案实现的系统能很好的达到对车轮测速的要求。2.显示模块选择单片机系统中常用的显示器有：发光二极管LED显示器、液晶LCD显示器等。在这里由于单片机测速系统比较简单，所以只考虑LED显示器和LCD显示器。LED显示器工作方式有两种静态显示方式和动态显示方式。方案一：LED静态显示器静态显示的特点是每个数码管的段选必须接一个8位数据线来保持显示字形码。当送入一次字形码后，显示字形可一直保持，直到送入新字形码为止。LED动态显示器：动态显示的特点是将所有位数码管的段选线并联在一起，由位选线控制是哪一位数码管有效。方案二：液晶显示器LCD显示信息。LCD显示器工作原理就是利用液晶的物理特性；通电时排列变得有序，使光线容易通过；不通电时排列混乱，阻止光线通过，说简单点就是让液晶如闸门般地阻隔或让光线穿透。本课题选用LED动态显示器。本系统总体思路如下：假定所测对象轮圈的周长为L，在轮圈上安装m个永久磁铁，则测得的里程值最大误差为L/m。经综合分析，本设计中取m=1。当轮子每转一圈，通过开关型霍尔元件传感器采集到一个脉冲信号，并从引脚P3.2中断0端输入，传感器每获取一个脉冲信号即对系统提供一次计数中断。每次中断代表车轮转动一圈，中断数n轮圈的周长为L的乘积为里程值。计数器T1计算每转一圈所用的时间t，就可以计算出即时速度v。当里程键按下时，里程指示灯亮，LED切换显示当前里程，与当速度键按下时，速度指示灯亮，LED切换显示当前速度。要求达到的各项指标及实现方法如下：1.利用霍尔传感器产生里程数的脉冲信号。2.对脉冲信号进行计数。实现：利用单片机自带的计数器T1对霍尔传感器脉冲信号进行计数。3.对数据进行处理，要求用LED显示里程总数和即时速度。实现：利用软件编程，对数据进行处理得到需要的数值。最终实现目标：对所测对象具有里程、速度测试与显示功能，采用单片机作控制，显示电路可显示里程及速度。主要参考文献1李建忠.单片机原理及应用（第二版）M.西安：西安电子科技大学出版社,2008.2周立功.单片机实验与实践教程（三）M.北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2006.3江世明.基于Proteus的单片机应用技术M.北京：电子工业出版社,2009.4何立民.单片机高级教程（应用与设计）M.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2000.5周明德.单片机原理与技术M.北京：人民邮电出版社，2008.6张永瑞.电子测量技术基础M.西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，2009.7邹久朋.80C51单片机实用技术M.北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2008.8张靖武.单片机系统的Proteus设计与仿真M.北京：电子工业出版社，2007.9周澜景.基于Proteus的电路及单片机系统设计与仿真M.北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2007.10潘永雄.新编单片机原理与应用M.西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，2003.11赵星寒.从零开始教你用单片机M.北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2009.12周澜景.基于Proteus的ARM虚拟开发技术M.北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2006.13陈富安.单片机与可编程控制器应用技术M.电子工业出版，2006.14徐爱钧.单片机原理实用教程-基于Proteus虚拟仿真M.北京：电子工业出版社，2009.15李泽勇，王文生闭环霍尔电流传感器在车用电源系统中的应用J电子技术应用，2004.16宋跃辉，宋杨，周毅，等基于单片机的齿轮转速测量系统J信息技术，2007(11) ：110-112.毕 业 设 计（论文） 开 题 报 告 指导教师意见：1对“文献综述”的评语：该生通过大量搜集和查阅文献资料，对所设计系统的应用背景及相关的国内外研究情况进行了较好地综合分析和归纳整理，确立了论文研究方向、研究方法及研究内容。能利用文献内容形成自己的观点，内容充实。2对本课题的深度、广度及工作量的意见和对设计（论文）结果的预测：本文研究目的明确，思路清晰，具有一定深度和广度，工作量适中，对论文设计合理，研究方法选用得当，毕业论文进度安排合理，要求学生给出系统的软、硬件设计。3.是否同意开题： 同意 不同意 指导教师： 2016 年 03 月 22 日所在专业审查意见：同意 负责人： 2016 年 03 月 22 日Ratemeter and monolithic integrated circuitThe traditional automobile rotational speed odometers function has two; first, with indicator instruction automobile travel instantaneous vehicle speed; second, records the automobile travel with the mechanical counter the accumulation course. The modern automobile is developing to the high speed direction, along with the vehicle speed enhancement, the tradition speedometer which actuates with the flexible axle receives the unprecedented challenge, this is because of the flexible axle when high speed revolving, as a result of steel wire alternate stresses limit limit, but easy to break, simultaneously, the flexible axle will arrange long will have presented the deformation oversized or the movement sluggish and so on phenomena, moreover, regarding the different vehicle type, the rotational speed odometers installment position will also receive the flexible axle length and bending limit. All these, causes based on the non-contact type tachometer generators electronic formula rotational speed odometer to be able the rapidly expand.Presents automobile measuring appliance automaticity is very high, what the old style mechanical flexible axle transmissions measuring appliance already eliminated displaces is presents liquid crystal gauge board, is impossible through to dial the digital code wheel adjustment odometer again. When in the driver needs to increase the number of passes, runs the table with this kind to be possible very with ease to realize. This kind runs the table use medium scale integration design to become, the volume is exquisite, the movement is stable, is suitable uses on each kind of electronic transducers automobile. This kind of exquisite instrument has compared to the other similar products obvious merit: 1st, the circuit design is exquisite, strict. Has used the high performance integrated circuit and the electronic component, the guarantee circuit has the high quality; The use optimizations circuit design, considered many disadvantageous use environment, enable the instrument as far as possible in the voltage, the temperature, the humidity, the dust pollution and so on under complex change factor many conditions to be able the steady work. 2nd, the reliability is good. In order to enhance the electric circuit work the reliability, not only the part passes through screens carefully, moreover passes through 2400 hours to roast machine the experiment, its outer covering is exquisite, may install conveniently in the pocket, momentarily may take the use. 3rd, simplicity of operator, easy to operate. Only needs to insert to the cigar lighter on, does not need to get out, all OK. 4th, the use security, felt relieved. Even if meets instead, also will not damage the instrument, will not damage on the vehicle anything. 5th, the speed may adjust. You may the speed regulation highest, may also adjust to a fixture, for instance 300 step. Is different based on the vehicle type, the speed differs from, may the speed knob change speed through the regulating instrument on.Monolithic integrated circuit AT89C2051 by its low price, the low power loss, the reliability high and easy to program and so on characteristics to be famous, X25045 is a MCS-51 series monolithic integrated circuit electric circuits auxiliary chip, mainly takes on the replacement, the voltage examination, the watch-dog and the EEPROM function, this chips use enhanced systems reliability greatly, reduced the periphery chip number, may realize the power failure which the course accumulates to save. LCM1010 is ten type belt back light liquid crystal display module, uses three serial interfaces, it has the power loss to be low and programming convenient characteristic. This demonstration is divided two lines of demonstrations, the first line of 6 demonstration accumulation course, second line of 4 (1 decimal) uses in demonstrating the sub-total course. In the chart K1 is the sub-total course reset key, R4 uses in adjusting liquid-crystal displays angle of view contrast gradient. Chip X25045 is Xicor Corporation promotes has programmable P monitors CMOS serial EEPROM, has 4096, according to 5128 organizes. It has 4 bytes pages to write the way and 100,000 use cycles, the data may preserve for 100 years. In order to guarantee the accumulation course unit the units place or sub-total unit decimal place reliable refurbishing, when these unit close limit use cycle, may adopt the form feed the means to cause these data to move to the new unit continues to count.The Hall sensor has many merits, their structure is reliable, the volume is small, the weight is light, the life is long, the easy installation, the power loss is small, the frequency high (may reach 1MHZ), bears the vibration, does not fear the dust, the greasy dirt, the water vapor and the salt mist and so on pollution or the corrosion. The Hall linear units precision is high, the linearity is good; The Hall switch component non-contact, does not have the attrition, the output wave shape clearly, not to have the vibration, not to have the rebound, the position repeat accuracy high (to be possible to reach m level). Has used each kind of compensation and the protective measures Hall components operating temperature scope width may reach - 55150. this design realizes the course by monolithic integrated circuit AT89C2051 to accumulate, the sub-total, the reset and the memory, and actuates the cross coil meter by the LM1819 integrated circuit, thus has realized the vehicle speed instruction. Again using Hall sensor transmission signal. Realizes this design proposal cost to be inexpensive, the indicator stability is good, the speed of response is quick, the anti-knocking property is strong, the reliability and the performance-to-price ratio are very high. After the actual use proof, this odometer definitely may substitute for the tradition the speedometer which actuates by the flexible axle. Certainly, this is only one kind realizes the plan, may also actuate the cross coil meter by the monolithic integrated circuit through the software, namely controls the meter separately by the monolithic integrated circuit the sine coil and the cosine coil omits the LM1819 integrated circuit. Regarding this, here no longer gives unnecessary detail.The monolithic integrated circuit curriculum was already the practical very strong specialized technology curriculum, the beginner only then through the massive programming, the experiment, the debugging, the design manufacture and so on a series of practice links training, could understand truly the monolithic integrated circuit software and the hardware design and the debugging skill, could the nimble utilization monolithic integrated circuits each command system and each kind of development debugging aids, design highly effective, reliable, the low power loss, the volume smaller monolithic integrated circuit application system, manifested monolithic integrated circuits embedded application characteristic fully. Must carry on monolithic integrated circuits development, the experiment and the curriculum project and so on, must have a set of software and hardware development kit, like this may save many precious time and the energy, raises the working efficiency. The monolithic integrated circuit is a computer familys important branch, it has the volume to be young, price low, face control characteristic, is suitable in each industrial control, the instruments and meters installment, has the extremely widespread application in the human production and life each domain.In recent years, microcomputers development speed let the common people exclaim in surprise sufficiently that took one kind of brand-new productive forces take the computer as the leading information technology, to societys each domain seepage, also made the integration of machinery the advancement to speed up greatly.The integration of machinery is now the technique of manufacture and the product development main trend, is also our country mechanical and electrical industrial development way that must be taken. May believe that it is with the system engineering viewpoint and the method, how studies in the mechanical and electrical system and the product the machinery, the computer, the information processing and the automatic control technology synthesis application, in order to the mechanical and electrical system and the product achieves the best combination. What the integration of machinery product needs is the embedded microcomputer, but the monolithic integrated circuit has the volume to be small, the integration rate is high, function strong and so on characteristics, is suitable for the embedded application. The smart instrument, the domestic electric appliances, the numerically-controlled machine tool, the industrial control and so on the electromechanical device and the product uses the monolithic integrated circuit unexpectedly.In the present case, monolithic integrated circuits development momentum still does not reduce, each kind of model and a function stronger monolithic integrated circuit and the super connection chip appear unceasingly, is further constitutes the multi-computer system and the distribution network to the top level developments important symbol. In the world the monolithic integrated circuit chips output by every year 27% speed increase, to had reached 3,000,000,000 pieces at the beginning of the century, but our countrys year demand has also surpassed hundred million piece of quantities, this indicated that the monolithic integrated circuit has the broad application prospect. This curriculum mainly aims at the present our country early time application quite widespread “MCS-51” the monolithic integrated circuit to carry on systems explanation and the analysis. In order to use and develop each kind of integration of machinery equipment and the measuring appliance establishment foundation.On the rotational speed table design has many available, but mostly by mechanical or simulated digital circuits to achieve. There are large in size, precision low, not visual, electronics large, less functional and sampling time, it is difficult to detect instantaneous rotational speed. As the Micro Controller Unit with both small and control functions such strong characteristics, so it widely in control applications. We want multifunctional rotational speed control system is designed to the Micro Controller Unit as the core to achieve intelligent meters. It is more functional, small electronics, and visual accuracy, showing time, speed warning systems, printing, such as instant rotational speed advantage. The article explained the photoelectric sensors such rotational speed table operating principles, structure and rotational speed switching circuit design. The design is a decoder MC14499, which is integrated high degree LED Motorola companies that drive, a dynamic scanning driven four LED digital display control. It sets Suocun, decoding, driving, scanning, the clock on integration.Has given take AT89C2051 as the core, using monolithic integrated circuits operation and the control function, and uses the serial port liquid crystal display module real time display to measure the speed and the course speed odometer design proposal. Because this plan has used the serial port liquid crystal display module and EEPROM, as well as highly effective fast algorithm, thus may in saves the system resources and in the reduced program design foundation guarantees the measuring accuracy and system timeliness.This speed odometer by the signal pretreatment electric circuit, AT89C2051 monolithic integrated circuit, the serial port liquid crystal display electric circuit, the serial port data storage electric circuit and the system software is composed. And the signal pretreatment electric circuit contains the signal to enlarge, the profile transformation and the wave shaping. System hardware diagram as shown in Figure 1. In the signal pretreatment electric circuits amplifier uses to the testing signal carries on the enlargement, reduces to the testing signal scope request; The profile transformation and the wave shaping electric circuit uses for signal conversion Cheng Ke who and the monolithic integrated circuit connection TTL signal will enlarge; May enable the INT0 pin through monolithic integrated circuits establishment to carry on the control to the internal timer T0 work, like this can the precise surveying leave adds to the INT0 pin the pulse width (i.e. to determine signal impulse cycle); The speed display part uses the serial port liquid crystal display module, the obtained data uses the I2C main line and saves through E2PROM, thus saved has needed monolithic integrated circuits mouth line and the periphery component, simultaneously also simplified the demonstration part software programming. the system software including the monolithic integrated circuit and the liquid crystal modules initialization module, the liquid crystal module writes the data/order submodule, the cyclical survey module, the speed course computation module, the data storage module, the speed and the course demonstrated that the data transfers the BCD code module, the demonstration data to disappear the unnecessary zero module, the data display module as well as the real-time interrupt servicing module and so on.This design can real-time the speed display which measured, simultaneously can also accumulate demonstrates the total course number. This speed odometer can input the sensor to monolithic integrated circuits signal impulse width (sensor transforms vehicle speed corresponding width signal impulse) real-time to survey, then calculates the speed and the course through the monolithic integrated circuit, again the obtained data storage to the serial port data-carrier storage, and will measure the speed by the serial port liquid crystal display module real time display. This design controls the demonstration speed or the course with two pressed keys. Considers the signal influences and so on weaken, disturbance, before the signal sends in the monolithic integrated circuit to deal with it to carry on the enlargement reshaping, then inputs again to the monolithic integrated circuit carries on measures fast. Monolithic integrated circuit determines input signal after the timer T0 control function the cycle, again using monolithic integrated circuits arithmetic operation function the cycle transforms the speed, simultaneously each second carries on a course to accumulate, thus calculates the total course. Finally will obtain the speed, the course value save in E2PROM, and demonstrates the speed or the course according to two pressed keys choice situations. For the convenience computation must demonstrate data value Duan Ma, may transform again it the compression the BCD code, then in the data value which is going to demonstrate through the table look-up each compression BCD code transforms 8 sections of codes to deliver the demonstration buffer, finally passes through the serial port to deliver to the liquid crystal display module demonstrated measured speed or course.When design, should the overall evaluation measure the fast precision and the system reaction time. This design with measuring impulse frequency computation speed, thus has high measures the fast precision. For guarantee systems timeliness, systems speed change module and the demonstration data transfer the BCD code module to use the fast algorithm. Moreover, but should also guarantee other submodule in programming time versatility and highly effective as far as possible. This designs speed and the course value use 8 demonstrations, and contains two decimal places.The speed course metering circuit selects AT89C2051 to take frequency meters signal processing core. AT89C2051 contains 2kB to dodge saves, 128B RAM, 15 I/O mouth line, 2 16 fixed time counters, 5 vector second-level interrupt structure and 1 full-duplexs serial port, meanwhile has the encryption array second-level program memory to lock the function. In the design used AT89C2051 T0, the T1 timer and the INT0 pin, as well as P1 ports 6 mouth line. Because this monolithic integrated circuit and 89C51 compatible, therefore is more convenient in the hardware circuit design and the software programming aspect. Considered AT89C2051 itself inherent characteristic, when design must pay attention to the following several points: First, its program memory space is 2kB, therefore all skipping and the branch branch instruction must limit in this scope. Next, it does not have the MOVX instruction, i.e., it does not support the exterior memory operation, when this point design certainly must consider. In addition, AT89C2051 oneself also has some other characteristics, for example may use the order to cause its work at the low power loss pattern and so on. The monolithic integrated circuit surveys input square-wave signal using the T0 timer and the INT0 pin the cycle, but uses the external interrupt 0 to control timer T0 whether to start fixed time. When timer T0 operating control position replacement, no matter the P3.2 pin is what value, the timer does not work. When after timer T0 operating control position setting, can according to the P3.2 pin condition decide whether the timer does work. When the P3.2 pin presents the high level, timer T0 starts fixed time; But when it presents the low level, timer T0 stop work, and measuring signal cyclical preservation in timers 16 registers. When system initialization, may cause T0 and the T1 timer work through the establishment at the pattern 1 way. The T1 timer mainly uses in forming 1 second timing signal, with thought that the survey course provides the time condition.This article introduced one kind based on the monolithic integrated circuit AT89C2051 speed odometers design method. Because in this plan has used the serial port section code liquid crystal display module EEPROM reservoir, thus has saved the hardware source, enhanced the system performance-to-price ratio. At the same time, is also beneficial in expands other functions in this electric circuit foundation using monolithic integrated circuits resources.The monolithic integrated circuit and the ratemeter are inseparable.外文参考资料译文测速表与单片机传统的测速速表的功能有两个，一是用指针指示汽车行驶的瞬时车速，二是用机械计数器记录汽车行驶的累计里程。现代汽车正向高速化方向发展，随着车速的提高，用软轴驱动的传统车速里程表受到很大的挑战，这是因为软轴在高速旋转时，由于受钢丝承受能力极限的限制而容易断裂，同时，软轴布置过长会出现形变过大或运动迟缓等现象，而且，对于不同的车型，转速里程表的安装位置也会受到软轴长度及弯曲度的限制。凡此种种，使得基于非接触式转速传感器的电子式转速里程表得以迅速发展。现在的汽车仪表自动化程度很高，老式的机械软轴传动的仪表已经淘汰取代的是现在的液晶仪表盘，不可能再通过拨数码轮调整里程表。司机又需要增加里程数时，用这种跑表器就可以很轻松地实现。这种跑表器使用中规模集成电路设计而成，体积小巧，运行稳定，适用于各种电子传感器的汽车上使用。 这种小巧的仪器有着比其它同类产品明显的优点： 1、电路设计精湛，严密。使用了高性能的集成电路和电子元件，保证电路有高度的品质；使用最优化的电路设计，考虑到尽可能多的不利的使
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