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毕 业 设 计(论 文)任 务 书1本毕业设计(论文)课题应达到的目的: 通过毕业设计,使学生受到自动化工程师所必备的综合训练,在不同程度上提高各种设计及应用能力,具体包括以下几方面:1. 调查研究、中外文献检索与阅读的能力。2. 综合运用专业理论、知识分析解决实际问题的能力。3. 定性与定量相结合的独立研究与论证的能力。4. 设计方案的制定、分析计算处理的能力。5.使用计算机软件进行仿真验证与绘图的能力。6. 逻辑思维与形象思维相结合的文字及口头表达的能力。2本毕业设计(论文)课题任务的内容和要求(包括原始数据、技术要求、工作要求等): 1.本课题设计的是基于UBA2032设计方波逆变电路,设计要求如下:当输入电压为直流电85V时;输出电压为150HZ频率的交流方波,当稳态时负载为100欧时输出功率为75W左右,输出电流为0.75A左右。此外,还需设计输出端的高压启动电路,当输出端开路时,该电路能提供2千伏左右的高压脉冲,设计该启动电路的结构和参数。最后通过ORCAD软件进行仿真验证。2.设计系统的硬件电路和软件程序,包括详细的硬件设备配置,系统连接,调试等详细步骤;3.最终完成一篇符合金陵科技学院毕业论文规范的系统技术文档,包括各类技术资料,电路图纸等;4.设计方案合理,能够体现一定的创新性。5.能够完成各项规定的任务,参加最后的毕业设计答辩。毕 业 设 计(论 文)任 务 书3对本毕业设计(论文)课题成果的要求包括图表、实物等硬件要求: 1.按期完成一篇符合金陵科技学院论文规范的毕业设计说明书(毕业论文),能详细说明设计步骤和思路;2.能有结构完整,合理可靠的技术方案;3.能有相应的电气部分硬件电路设计说明;4.有相应的图纸和技术参数说明。5.要求仿真调试成功,并在答辩时完成仿真结果的展示。4主要参考文献: 1.张占松,蔡宣三开关电源的原理与设计M北京:电子工业出版社,20052.陈传虞电子节能灯与电子镇流器的原理和制造M.北京:人民邮电出版社,2004.3.路秋生高频电子镇流器技术与应用M北京:人民邮电出版社,2004.4.陈坚电力电子学电力电子变换和控制技术M北京:高等教育出版社,2002.5.毛新武,祝大卫新型电子镇流器电路原理与设计M北京:人民邮电出版社,2007.6.陈建业电力电子电路的计算机仿真M北京:清华大学出版社,2003.7.贾新章Orcad/PSpice9实用教程M西安:电子科技大学出版社,19998.王辅春,刘明山,迟海涛从实例中学习OrCADM北京:机械工业出版社,20069.金发庆.传感器技术与应用M.北京:机械工业出版社,2006.10.夏继强. 单片机实验与实践教程M. 北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2001.11.魏克新.自动控制综合应用技术M.北京:机械工业出版社,2007.12.白志刚.自动调节系统解析与PID整定M.北京:化学工业出版社,2012.13.沈聿农.传感器及应用技术M.北京:化学工业出版社,2001.14.张卫平.MH灯电气模型及其电子镇流器控制规律的研究J.电子学报.1999(8)15.鲍志云,王卫,张伟强,等金属卤化物灯电子镇流器消除声共振的几种方法J中国照明电器2002(9).毕 业 设 计(论 文)任 务 书5本毕业设计(论文)课题工作进度计划:2015.11.102015.12.13调研、收集相关资料、对学生进行初步辅导,拟题、选题、填写任务书。2015.12.152015.12.31学生查看任务书,为毕业设计的顺利完成,进行前期准备。12月31日前正式下发任务书。12月21日两个系提交专业选题分析总结(撰写要求详见对内通知中附件2)2016.01.092016.04.05学生在指导教师的具体指导下进行毕业设计创作;拟定论文提纲或设计说明书(下称文档)提纲;撰写及提交开题报告、外文参考资料及译文、论文大纲;在2016年4月5日前学生要提交基本完成的毕业设计创作成果以及文档的撰写提纲,作为中期检查的依据。指导教师指导、审阅,定稿由指导教师给出评语,对论文主要工作未通过的学生下发整改通知。2016.04.062016.04.10提交中期课题完成情况报告给指导教师审阅;各专业组织中期检查(含毕业设计成果验收检查)。2016.04.112016.05.10进行毕业设计文档撰写;2016年5月8日为学生毕业设计文档定稿截止日。2016年5月9日-13日,指导教师和评阅教师通过毕业设计(论文)管理系统对学生的毕业设计以及文档进行评阅,包括打分和评语。5月1日前,做好答辩安排,通知学生回校进行答辨2016.05.142016.05.15查看答辩安排,毕业设计(论文)小组答辩2016.05.162016.05.29对未通过答辨的学生进行二次答辨完成毕业设计的成绩录入2016.05.302016.06.07根据答辩情况修改毕业设计(论文)的相关材料,并在毕业设计(论文)管理系统中上传最终稿,并且上交纸质稿。2016年6月7日为学生毕业设计文档最终稿提交截止日。2016.06.072016.06.30各系提交本届毕业设计(论文)的工作书面总结及相关材料。所在专业审查意见:通过负责人: 2015 年 12 月21 日 毕 业 设 计(论文) 开 题 报 告 1结合毕业设计(论文)课题情况,根据所查阅的文献资料,每人撰写不少于1000字左右的文献综述: 逆变电路是将直流电经逆变器转换为交流电的电路,它们在交流电机调速、感应加热、不停电电源等方面应用十分广泛,是构成电力电子技术的重要内容。逆变电路现在常用的开关器件有功率晶体管(GTR)、功率场效应管(POWER MOSFET)、可关断晶闸管(GTO)、普通型和快速型晶闸管(SCR),近年来新的器件绝缘栅晶体管(IGBT)也逐渐在用。容量较大的半导体开关器件主要是晶闸管,所以目前已在应用的较大容量的逆变器多是晶闸管逆变器。但随着电力电子技术的发展,GTR、MOSFET、IGBT、GTO等单只容量增大,性能不断提高,价格也逐渐便宜,所以现在的逆变器中开关元件大部分采用可关断器件。将DC逆变成AC的电路结构有多种,控制方法与控制芯片也有很多。本设计用的是GPHILIPS公司的UBA2032芯片驱动全桥逆变电路中的MOSFET来实现DC/AC转换。该芯片可直接从IC的HV脚输入高压,以为内部电路产生低工作电压,而无需附加低压电源,用在500V以下的逆变电路中,由于芯片本身有自举供电能力,能在不使用外加隔离电源的情况下方便驱动小功率的全桥电路,从而使得方波逆变电路使用的元件少,且结构更为简便。目前,HID汽车前照灯以其光效高,显色性好,寿命长等优点得到了广泛关注。与之配套的电子镇流器也成为当前电源研究中的一个热点。由于大部分汽车HID灯是交流灯,因此电子镇流器必须提供交流电流和交流电压。大多数两级式的电子镇流器均采用逆变电路作为输出级。本设计研究的重点就是逆变电路,该电路是基于HILIPS公司的UBA2032芯片驱动全桥来实现DC/AC逆变。PHILIPS公司新推出的UBA2032高压单片IC是采用EZHV SO1工艺制造的一种高压全桥驱动器。UBA2032在全桥拓扑中通过外部MOSFET可以驱动任何一种负载,尤其适用于驱动高强度的放电HID灯,如高压钠灯和金卤灯,换向器等。而HID灯为新一代节能灯,广泛应用于铁路、码头、机场、广场等照明。自20世纪90年代中期以来,很多致力研发该项目,但成功者甚少,其中缺少用于该产品的新型元器件(包括专用芯片)。故这一课题的研究对HID灯的研制意义深远,有很高的研究价值。 MOSFET是一种多电子导电的单极型电压控制器件,具有开关速度快、高频特性好、热稳定性优良、驱动电路简单、驱动功率小、安全工作区宽、无二次击穿问题等显著优点。目前功率场效应管的指标已经达到耐压600V,电流70A,工作频率100kHz的水平,在开关电源、办公设备、中小型功率的电机调速中得到广泛的应用。1 张占松、蔡宣三,开关电源原理与设计,北京,电子工业出版社,2004.9 2 林国庆、陈大华、陈和平、张文雄,低频方波输出的单级软开关DC/AC变换器的研究,电工电能新技术Vol22 , No.3,2003 3 刘永良,全桥驱动器芯片UBA2032T/ UBA2032TS及其应用,国外电子元器件,2003年第7期2003年7月临沂师范学院4 毛兴武,基于全桥驱动器IC的HID灯电子镇流器,灯与照明第29卷第1期,2005 年3月5 崔纬等编著,Protel 99 SE电路原理图与电路板设计教程,海洋出版社,20046 李维波,MATLAB在电气工程中的应用,中国电力出版社,2007 7 汤才刚,朱红涛,李莉,陈国桥,基于PWM的逆变电路分析,现代电子技术2008年第1期总第264期8 王兆安,刘进军,电力电子技术,机械工业出版社,2009.5 9 陈江辉,谢运祥,陈兵.逆变电路的控制技术与策略J.电气应用,2006,25(9) 10 沙占有,王彦朋,孟志勇等.新型单片开关电源设计与应用技术M.北京:电子工业出版社,2004.11YangZaohong.senPareshCAnalysisofanovelbidirectionalDC-to-ACinverter 2000(5) 12 伍家驹,王文婷,李学勇等.单相SPWM逆变桥输出电压的谐波分析J.电力自动化设备,2008,28(4)13 夏向阳.有源电力滤波器中逆变电路的设计研究A.中国高等学校电力系统及其自动化专业第二十一届学术年会论文集C.2005. 14 徐华峰,廖晓辉,周勇.逆变电路能量交换的仿真分析J.微计算机信息,2008,24(31)15 杜明星.基于小波变换的滞环PWM变流系统EMI抑制策略研究J.天津理工大学学报,2009,25(4)毕 业 设 计(论文) 开 题 报 告 2本课题要研究或解决的问题和拟采用的研究手段(途径): 本设计是基于UBA2032设计方波逆变电路并对其进行调试分析。该电路中的开关电阻值需仔细设计。设计原则是:在开通驱动期间流过栅源之间的电阻和主晶体管的电流要满足电流与电阻的乘积,并符合驱动要求,而且应尽量小,以降低晶体管的功耗:驱动电流要合适。设计参数如下:输入电压:直流,85V;输出频率:150HZ左右交流方波;输出功率:75W左右,稳态时负载为100欧时,输出电流为0.75A左右。 毕 业 设 计(论文) 开 题 报 告 指导教师意见:1对“文献综述”的评语:综述内容较为丰富,参考文献合理,概括了金卤灯电子镇流器及其方波逆变电路的相关背景、基础知识、历史发展等,同时还对本课题所研究的任务进行了一定的阐述,对本课题的研究有一定的指导意义。2对本课题的深度、广度及工作量的意见和对设计(论文)结果的预测:本课题研究的任务是对金卤灯电子镇流器及其方波逆变电路进行设计,是对电力电子控制领域的一个实例进行探讨,技术相对成熟,深度中等,涉及到电力电子技术及其电子元器件等方面的知识,学生可以通过实例调研,查阅专业资料,进行系统调试,来实现最终的设计任务和结果,并对自己的专业应用能力是一个非常大的提高。 3.是否同意开题: 同意 不同意 指导教师: 2016 年 03 月 30 日所在专业审查意见:同意 负责人: 2016 年 03 月 30 日Inverter1. IntroductionAn inverter is an electrical device that converts direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC); the converted AC can be at any required voltage and frequency with the use of appropriate transformers, switching, and control circuits.Solid-state inverters have no moving parts and are used in a wide range of applications, from small switching power supplies in computers, to large electric utility high-voltage direct current applications that transport bulk power. Inverters are commonly used to supply AC power from DC sources such as solar panels or batteries.There are two main types of inverter. The output of a modified sine wave inverter is similar to a square wave output except that the output goes to zero volts for a time before switching positive or negative. It is simple and low cost and is compatible with most electronic devices, except for sensitive or specialized equipment, for example certain laser printers. A pure sine wave inverter produces a nearly perfect sine wave output (3% total harmonic distortion) that is essentially the same as utility-supplied grid power. Thus it is compatible with all AC electronic devices. This is the type used in grid-tie inverters. Its design is more complex, and costs 5 or 10 times more per unit power The electrical inverter is a high-power electronic oscillator. It is so named because early mechanical AC to DC converters were made to work in reverse, and thus were inverted, to convert DC to AC.The inverter performs the opposite function of a rectifier.2. Applications2.1 DC power source utilizationAn inverter converts the DC electricity from sources such as batteries, solar panels, or fuel cells to AC electricity. The electricity can be at any required voltage; in particular it can operate AC equipment designed for mains operation, or rectified to produce DC at any desired voltageGrid tie inverters can feed energy back into the distribution network because they produce alternating current with the same wave shape and frequency as supplied by the distribution system. They can also switch off automatically in the event of a blackout.Micro-inverters convert direct current from individual solar panels into alternating current for the electric grid. They are grid tie designs by default.2.2 Uninterruptible power suppliesAn uninterruptible power supply (UPS) uses batteries and an inverter to supply AC power when main power is not available. When main power is restored, a rectifier supplies DC power to recharge the batteries.2.3 Induction heatingInverters convert low frequency main AC power to a higher frequency for use in induction heating. To do this, AC power is first rectified to provide DC power. The inverter then changes the DC power to high frequency AC power.2.4 HVDC power transmissionWith HVDC power transmission, AC power is rectified and high voltage DC power is transmitted to another location. At the receiving location, an inverter in a static inverter plant converts the power back to AC.2.5 Variable-frequency drivesA variable-frequency drive controls the operating speed of an AC motor by controlling the frequency and voltage of the power supplied to the motor. An inverter provides the controlled power. In most cases, the variable-frequency drive includes a rectifier so that DC power for the inverter can be provided from main AC power. Since an inverter is the key component, variable-frequency drives are sometimes called inverter drives or just inverters.2.6 Electric vehicle drivesAdjustable speed motor control inverters are currently used to power the traction motors in some electric and diesel-electric rail vehicles as well as some battery electric vehicles and hybrid electric highway vehicles such as the Toyota Prius and Fisker Karma. Various improvements in inverter technology are being developed specifically for electric vehicle applications.2 In vehicles with regenerative braking, the inverter also takes power from the motor (now acting as a generator) and stores it in the batteries.2.7 The general caseA transformer allows AC power to be converted to any desired voltage, but at the same frequency. Inverters, plus rectifiers for DC, can be designed to convert from any voltage, AC or DC, to any other voltage, also AC or DC, at any desired frequency. The output power can never exceed the input power, but efficiencies can be high, with a small proportion of the power dissipated as waste heat.3. Circuit description3.1 Basic designsIn one simple inverter circuit, DC power is connected to a transformer through the centre tap of the primary winding. A switch is rapidly switched back and forth to allow current to flow back to the DC source following two alternate paths through one end of the primary winding and then the other. The alternation of the direction of current in the primary winding of the transformer produces alternating current (AC) in the secondary circuit.The electromechanical version of the switching device includes two stationary contacts and a spring supported moving contact. The spring holds the movable contact against one of the stationary contacts and an electromagnet pulls the movable contact to the opposite stationary contact. The current in the electromagnet is interrupted by the action of the switch so that the switch continually switches rapidly back and forth. This type of electromechanical inverter switch, called a vibrator or buzzer, was once used in vacuum tube automobile radios. A similar mechanism has been used in door bells, buzzers and tattoo guns.As they became available with adequate power ratings, transistors and various other types of semiconductor switches have been incorporated into inverter circuit designs3.2 Output waveformsThe switch in the simple inverter described above, when not coupled to an output transformer, produces a square voltage waveform due to its simple off and on nature as opposed to the sinusoidal waveform that is the usual waveform of an AC power supply. Using Fourier analysis, periodic waveforms are represented as the sum of an infinite series of sine waves. The sine wave that has the same frequency as the original waveform is called the fundamental component. The other sine waves, called harmonics, that are included in the series have frequencies that are integral multiples of the fundamental frequency.The quality of output waveform that is needed from an inverter depends on the characteristics of the connected load. Some loads need a nearly perfect sine wave voltage supply in order to work properly. Other loads may work quite well with a square wave voltage.3.3 Three phase invertersThree-phase inverters are used for variable-frequency drive applications and for high power applications such as HVDC power transmission. A basic three-phase inverter consists of three single-phase inverter switches each connected to one of the three load terminals. For the most basic control scheme, the operation of the three switches is coordinated so that one switch operates at each 60 degree point of the fundamental output waveform. This creates a line-to-line output waveform that has six steps. The six-step waveform has a zero-voltage step between the positive and negative sections of the square-wave such that the harmonics that are multiples of three are eliminated as described above. When carrier-based PWM techniques are applied to six-step waveforms, the basic overall shape, or envelope, of the waveform is retained so that the 3rd harmonic and its multiples are cancelled.4. History4.1 Early invertersFrom the late nineteenth century through the middle of the twentieth century, DC-to-AC power conversion was accomplished using rotary converters or motor-generator sets (M-G sets). In the early twentieth century, vacuum tubes and gas filled tubes began to be used as switches in inverter circuits. The most widely used type of tube was the thyratron.The origins of electromechanical inverters explain the source of the term inverter. Early AC-to-DC converters used an induction or synchronous AC motor direct-connected to a generator (dynamo) so that the generators commutator reversed its connections at exactly the right moments to produce DC. A later development is the synchronous converter, in which the motor and generator windings are combined into one armature, with slip rings at one end and a commutator at the other and only one field frame. The result with either is AC-in, DC-out. With an M-G set, the DC can be considered to be separately generated from the AC; with a synchronous converter, in a certain sense it can be considered to be mechanically rectified AC. Given the right auxiliary and control equipment, an M-G set or rotary converter can be run backwards, converting DC to AC. Hence an inverter is an inverted converter.4.2 Rectifier and inverter pulse numbersRectifier circuits are often classified by the number of current pulses that flow to the DC side of the rectifier per cycle of AC input voltage. A single-phase half-wave rectifier is a one-pulse circuit and a single-phase full-wave rectifier is a two-pulse circuit. A three-phase half-wave rectifier is a three-pulse circuit and a three-phase full-wave rectifier is a six-pulse circuit。With three-phase rectifiers, two or more rectifiers are sometimes connected in series or parallel to obtain higher voltage or current ratings. The rectifier inputs are supplied from special transformers that provide phase shifted outputs. This has the effect of phase multiplication. Six phases are obtained from two transformers, twelve phases from three transformers and so on. The associated rectifier circuits are 12-pulse rectifiers, 18-pulse rectifiers and so on. When controlled rectifier circuits are operated in the inversion mode, they would be classified by pulse number also. Rectifier circuits that have a higher pulse number have reduced harmonic content in the AC input current and reduced ripple in the DC output voltage. In the inversion mode, circuits that have a higher pulse number have lower harmonic content in the AC output voltage waveform.逆变器1 简介逆变器是一种能将直流电转化为可变的交流电的电子装置,使用适当的变压器、开关以及控制电路可以将转化的交流电调整到任何需要的电压以及频率值。固定的逆变器没有移动部件,其应用范围极其广泛,从小型计算机开关电源,到大型电力公司高压直流电源应用,运输散货。逆变器通常用于提供从诸如太阳能电池板或电池直流电源转换的交流电源.逆变器有两种主要类型。对修改后正弦波逆变器输出是一个类似方波输出,输出去除了一时间为零伏特,然后才转到正或负。它的电路简单而且成本一般较低,并与大多数电子设备兼容,除了敏感或专用设备,例如某些激光打印机。纯正弦波逆变器产生一个近乎完美的正弦波输出“(3的总谐波失真),它本质上与公用事业电网提供的相同。因此它与所有的交流电子设备兼容。这是网逆变器配合使用的类型。它的设计更为复杂,成本5人以上每单位功率。1电逆变器是一种高功率电子振荡器的10倍。它是如此命名是因为早期机械AC到DC转换器的工作作了相反,因此是“倒“,转换成直流到交流。变频器的整流执行相反的功能2 应用2.1 直流电源利用率逆变器将直流电,如电池,太阳能电池板,燃料电池等转换为交流电直流电。转换的交流电可以是任意需要大小的交流电,特别是它可以操作交流设备用于电源操作,或者滤波产生任何需要的直流电压。配电网络逆变器可以将能量反馈到分配网络,因为他们产生的交流电和分配网络提供的交流电的波形和频率可以是一样的。而且他们也可以自动关断输出当遇到停电事故时。微型逆变器将由个人太阳能电池板产生的直流电转化为交流电并入电网。接从个人的太阳能电池板的电流。它们使用默认的输电网设计。2.2 不间断电源不间断电源(UPS)当主电源无法使用时使用电池和逆变器提供交流电源。当主电源恢复时,一个整流器供应直流电源对电池进行充电。2.3 感应加热逆变器将低频交流电源转化为更高的频率以用于感应加热使用。要做到这一点,首先交流电源经过滤波提供直流电源。该逆变器,然后更改为高频率的交流电源直流电源。2.4 高压直流输电随着高压直流输电,交流电源进行整流和高压直流电源被传输到另一个位置。在接收的位置,在一个静止变流器厂将直流电源转换回交流电2.5 变频驱动器一个变频驱动控制器通过控制供应给电机的电源电压和频率来控制交流电机的运行速度。逆变器提供控制信号。在大多数情况下,变频驱动器包括一个整流器,因而提供给逆变器的直流电源可以由交流主电源提供。由于逆变器是关键部件,变频驱动器有时也被称为逆变器驱动器或只是逆变器2.6 电动汽车驱动调速电动机控制逆变器是目前用于电力牵引在一些电动和柴油电
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