2019秋高中英语单元质量评估（四）（含解析）新人教版必修5.docx

单元质量评估(四)时间：100分钟分数：120分第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中，选出最佳选项。ANewspapers are not nearly as popular today as they were in the past.There are not very many people who seriously read a newspaper every day.Most people only read the sports pages，the advice or the gossip columns，the comics，and perhaps the classified advertisements.Most people dont take time to read real news.Newspapers attempt to catch the readers interest with pictures and exciting headlines.These techniques are used on the front page because it is the first thing you see when you pick up the paper.The first page attracts attention and encourages the reader to look through the rest of the paper.This is why editors always look for a good first page story and a headline to make them stop and look.If the headline is horrible enough or frightening enough or wild enough，perhaps they will go on to read the front page.However，they may read the headlines，but that is all，then they turn to the sports page，or comics，or advertisements.It seems that people do not want the news from a newspaper any more.They say they get the news on television now.More people watch television news because it is easier and more interesting than reading a newspaper.What about you？Do you read news from a newspaper？Do you think it is easier to get news from television？Or do you care about news at all？Would you mind if there were no news?【语篇解读】报纸越来越不能吸引人们的注意力了，本文作者呼吁大家更多地关注报纸。1According to the passage，newspapers are _Amore popular todayBless popular todayCas popular as beforeDgetting more and more popular解析：细节理解题。关键是理解文章的第一句话，由此可知报纸的地位已不如从前。答案：B2According to the author，which of the following newspapers will most probably attract the readers attention?AThe ones with interesting pictures and exciting headlines on the front page.BThe ones with sports news on the front page.CThe ones with classified ads on the front page.DThe ones with gossip columns on the front page.解析：推理判断题。由第一段第五句可知，新闻往往用一些图片和令人感兴趣的标题来吸引读者注意。答案：A3According to the passage，most people read all of the following EXCEPT _Athe sports pageBcomicsCadvertisements Dreal news解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段的第三、四句可以找到答案。答案：D4The authors attitude towards newspapers is _Asympathetic BcriticalCnegative Dundetermined解析：作者态度题。由文章的第一句话可知，作者对报纸今非昔比的状况有点感慨，作者认为报纸应该受到人们更多的关注。答案：ABMany people write to newspapers and magazines to express their opinions.Letters to the editor must carry the writers full name，address and telephone number，although the information is not necessary for publication.This requirement to provide personal particulars is a clear indication that writers are held responsible for what they say.When a writer wants his voice heard，he needs to claim ownership of his voice.Responsibility is the name of the game.“People today prefer living together to putting their signatures on a marriage certificate because they refuse to accept the responsibility for the relationship，”said a social worker，“and this is what is causing a lot of family problems.”When we sign a paper，for example，a business contract or a bank document，the signature is a seal of consent，an agreement to take the matter seriously.Most governments and many organizations will not process written complaints if they do not bear the writers signature.The absence of a signature，they explain，tells us that the writer cannot be too serious and therefore does not deserve a reply.There are people who wish to remain anonymous (匿名的) for various reasons.Multibillionaire Mr King donates generously to charity several times a year.He gives simply because he wants to help but not for the publicity his donations may bring，and he does not want his good deeds to make news.In other cases，people insist on anonymity because they are afraid of the consequences of revealing their identity.Crime witnesses may be willing to assist the police，but most are unwilling to give their names when reporting a crime.Name or no name？The answer is very personal and lies in how much we want to get involved.We all have a name.It is a matter of responsibility to use it when we make a statement，a claim or an accusation.We all want to honour our own name，and it is only by stamping our expression of an opinion with our own name that we honour what we say.【语篇解读】在报刊上发表文章要写上自己的名字，这个名字不简单，它有很多意义，首先你要对你说的话负责，其次你对发表的内容有所有权。但名字在各种场合的签与不签意义不同。5What does the writer mean by saying “Responsibility is the name of the game”？AWriters need to provide their personal information in the game.BPublication must bear the writers full name，address and phone number.CWriters should be responsible for their names.DNames are required to indicate writers responsibility for what they say.解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的“This requirement to provide personal particulars is a clear indication that writers are held responsible for what they say.”可知，作者对他们说的话要负责，即为D项表述的意思。答案：D6Some people dont want their names known because they are _Ahesitant to make a donationBunwilling to draw public attentionCafraid of an accusationDready for involvement解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的“He gives simply because he wants to help but not for the publicity his donations may bring，and he does not want his good deeds to make news.”可知，有些人匿名把钱捐给慈善机构，是不想引起公众的关注，这和B项的表述一致。答案：B7The passage is mainly about _Ahonour and writersBidentity and signatureCsignature and responsibilityDanonymity and signature解析：主旨大意题。整篇文章围绕名字和责任展开，投稿需要署名，签文件和合同需要签名，名字就意味着责任。答案：CCBad news sells.If it bleeds，it leads.No news is good news，and good news is no news.Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers.But now that information is being spread and monitored (监控) in different ways，researchers are discovering new rules.By tracking peoples emails and online posts，scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.“The if it bleeds rule works for mass media，”says Jonah Berger，a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania.“They want your eyeballs and dont care how youre feeling.But when you share a story with your friends，you care a lot more how they react.You dont want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”Researchers analyzing wordofmouth communication emails，Web posts and reviews，facetoface conversationsfound that it tended to be more positive than negative (消极的)，but that didnt necessarily mean people preferred positive news.Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things？To test for that possibility，Dr Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories：thousands of articles on The New York Times website.He and a Penn colleague analyzed the “most emailed” list for six months.One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than nonscience articles.He found that science amazed Times readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny，or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety，but not articles that left them merely sad.They needed to be aroused (激发) one way or the other，and they preferred good news to bad.The more positive an article，the more likely it was to be shared，as Dr Berger explains in his new book，Contagious：Why Things Catch On.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。在晚间广播或者早报上，不好的新闻有卖点，流血的新闻占头条。但是研究表明，在电子邮件或者网络新闻中，人们更喜欢有积极意义或者有趣的新闻。8What do the classic rules mentioned in the text apply to?ANews reports. BResearch papers.CPrivate emails. DDaily conversations.解析：细节理解题。从第一段中的“Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers.”可知，这样的情况出现在新闻报道中。答案：A9What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer?ATheyre socially inactive.BTheyre good at telling stories.CTheyre inconsiderate of others.DTheyre careful with their words.解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的“.But when you share a story with your friends，you care a lot more how they react.You dont want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer，”可知，与朋友分享故事时你更加注意他们的反应，不想让他们觉得你是黛比唐纳那样的人。因此黛比唐纳是不考虑他人感受的人。答案：C10Which tended to be the most emailed according to Dr Bergers research?ASports news. BScience articles.CPersonal accounts. DFinancial reviews.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的.was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than nonscience articles.可知，科学类文章是读者转发推荐最多的。答案：B11What can be a suitable title for the text?ASad Stories Travel Far and WideBOnline News Attracts More PeopleCReading Habits Change with the TimesDGood News Beats Bad on Social Networks解析：标题归纳题。全文讲述了好消息在社交网络媒体中传播得更快更深远的现实，这打破了传统媒体中坏消息传播得又快又广的惯例，正面的新闻更容易被分享。答案：DDVanessa Berlowitz，who studied science at Oxford University，now works as a producer for the BBC.She has worked on many nature documentaries，including the 2006 BBC programme Planet Earth.For this series，she travelled around the world to film the worlds greatest mountains.The job of a series producer is very complex (复杂的)For Frozen Planet，a sevenpart series that explores what life is like on the North and South Poles，Berlowitz had to decide when and where to film.She also had to decide how to tell the story.Every day，she helped set up the cameras，which can take hours.With the crew (工作人员)，she often spent hours quietly looking or waiting for animals.She talked about the day the crew finally found a polar bear and her cubs (幼崽)“A mother polar bear was having a hard time finding food for her cubs.But the little cubs were playing，which made her hunt difficult.I was crying with laughter when she put one of the little cubs in a hole so she could hunt.I thought，this is what mothers do！”Berlowitz is one of very few series women producers.She hopes more women will become producers in the future.She said：“As producers，you do not have to be very physically strong，but you have to be happy to go to extreme areas.”Berlowitz enjoys seeing new parts of the world and filming things many people have never seen before.But the best part of her work is hearing from the people who watch her documentaries.“I got a wonderful email from an elevenyearold girl from Iran.She was so excited that women do jobs like mine.She wants to try and follow my example.She wrote me a beautiful poem，which was about the polar bear film.It made me cry with joy，”she said.【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。文章主要介绍了女性电视制片人贝洛维茨。12What can we learn about Berlowitzs work?AIt takes time and patience.BIt always puts her in danger.CIt needs to be done independently.DIt has nothing to do with her major.解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可知，贝洛维茨是自然纪录片的制片人，再根据第二段中的“she helped set up the cameras，which can take hours和she often spent hours quietly looking or waiting for animals”可知，贝洛维茨的工作需要大量的时间和足够的耐心。答案：A13What feeling did Berlowitz express from her observation of bears?APity. BWorry.CFun. DPride.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I was crying with laughter”可知，贝洛维茨觉得熊妈妈和幼崽的行为很好笑，眼泪都笑出来了。答案：C14What did Berlowitz say to possible producers?AGrow a strong body.BBe pleased to go to terrible places.CBe prepared to travel around the world.DLearn to deal with extreme weather conditions.解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“you have to be happy to go to extreme areas”可知，在贝洛维茨看来，想成为一名制片人，需要乐意去世界上一些极端的地区。答案：B15Why did Berlowitz talk about the Iranian girl?ATo describe her hope for the little girl.BTo prove Frozen Planets huge influence.CTo explain she set a good example for girls worldwide.DTo show her audiences positive response means a lot to her.解析：推理判断题。最后一段提到来自伊朗的女孩给贝洛维茨写的电子邮件是为了说明上一段中的“But the best part of her work is hearing from the people who watch her documentaries。”由此可知，贝洛维茨认为观众的肯定和认可对她来说意义非凡。答案：D第二节(共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。MustangsThe image of horses running free across the plains is a popular symbol of the American West.However，mustangs are not native to the United States.They are descendants (后代) of Spanish horses._16_ Before the Spanish arrived，horses had been extinct in the New World for about 12，000 years.17_The word comes from the Spanish word mesteo，meaning “wild”Mustangs are mediumsized horses.They measure around 56 inches to 60 inches (140 to 150 centimetres)They weigh around 800 pounds (360 kg)These horses escaped from the Spanish soldiers.And they were also used by native people to fight against the Spanish army._18_Most of the mustangs that run free across the plains today are of mixed ancestry.By the end of the 19th century，about two million mustangs ran across the countryside.Farmers began to complain._19_The mustang population decreased as farmers drove the horses away from the plains.Then，private conservation efforts to protect the mustangs began as early as 1925.By 1970，fewer than 17，000 mustangs were left._20_ Now，it is estimated that more than 35，000 mustangs are living in the United States today.AThey prefer to live in Spain.BThe mustangs were destroying their crops.CMustangs are welcome to the United States.DAs a result，the United States passed a law that protected the horses.EThe free horses that live in the western United States are called mustangs.FAs time went on，the horses gave birth to baby horses and were joined by other horses.GWhen Spanish armies came to the New World in the 16th century，they brought horses with them.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了野马。16解析：根据空处上句“They are descendants of Spanish horses”和下一句“Before the Spanish arrived，horses had been extinct in the New World”可知，西班牙人将野马带到了西半球。答案：G17解析：根据下一句中的“The word comes from the Spanish word mesteo”可知，空处在介绍野马名字的由来。答案：E18解析：根据下一句中的“Most of the mustangs that run free across the plains today are of mixed ancestry”可知，绝大部分野马都不是纯种的。答案：F19解析：根据上一句中的“Farmers began to complain”可知，空处介绍了农民抱怨的原因是野马破坏了他们种的庄稼。答案：B20解析：根据空处下一句中的“Now，it is estimated that more than 35，000 mustangs are living in the United States today”可知，在政府的保护下野马的数量增加了。答案：D第二部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节完形填空(共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Every day，the news of the world reaches people by over 300 million copies of daily papers，over 400 million radio sets，and over 150 million television sets.Additional news is _21_ by motion (动作) pictures in theatres and cinemas all over the world.As more people learn what the important events of the day are，_22_ people still only care for the events of their own household.Nearly four hundred years ago the English writer John Donne said，“No man is an island.”This _23_ is more appropriate (恰当的) today than it was _24_ Donne lived.In short，wherever he lives，a man _25_ to some society，and we are becoming more and more aware (意识到) that _26_ happens in one particular society affects，somehow，the life of mankind.Newspapers have been published in the _27_ world for about four hundred years.Most of the newspapers _28_ today are read in Europe and North America.However，_29_ they may be read in all parts of the world，_30_ to the new inventions that are changing the techniques of newspaper _31_Electronics and automation (自动化) have made it _32_ to produce pictures and texts far more quickly than before.Photographic copying doesnt _33_ to use type and printing machines.And fewer specialists，_34_ typesetters，are needed to produce a paper or magazine by the _35_ method.Therefore，the publishing of newspapers and magazines can _36_ more money.Besides，photocopies can be sent over great _37_ now by means of television channels and satellites such as Telstar.Thus，_38_ can be brought to the public more quickly than before.Machines that prepare printed texts for photocopies are being used a great deal today.Film，_39_ light and small，can be sent rapidly to other places and used to print copies of the text _40_ they are needed.Film pictures can also be projected easily on a movie or television screen.【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了技术发展对报纸的影响。21A.taken BshownCseen Dknown解析：根据句意“另外的新闻由展示”可知选B项。show“显示，展示”。答案：B22A.fewer BhigherClower Dless解析：本句前后部分之间有转折之意，又因为该词修饰people，再由more people可知应选fewer。答案：A23A.study BargumentCknowledge Didea解析：study“学习，研究”；argument“论点，论据”；knowledge“知识”；idea“思想，观点，想法”。根据前后句意可知，D项最合适。答案：D24A.that BwhileCwhen Dthen解析：此句意为“这种观点在今天比在邓恩生活的时期更恰当”，表示“在生活的时期”用when，不用while。答案：C25A.moves BgoesCbelongs Dcomes解析：move to“搬到，移到”；go to“到，去”；belong to“属于”；come to“共计，达到”。根据句意“一个人属于某个社会”可知，应选C项。答案：C26A.it BwhateverCsomething Danything解析：whatever“无论什么”，作that引导的宾语从句中主语从句的主语。宾语从句的谓语动词是affects，因此happens应是主语从句的谓语动词，而it、something和anything均不能引导从句。答案：B27A.common BmodernCordinary Dusual解析：根据上下文推知，报纸只发行了约400年，故应属于现代(modern)社会。故选B项。答案：B28A.bought BprintedCfound Ddiscovered解析：buy“买”；print“印刷，印制”；find“找到”；discover“发现”。根据句意知应用过去分词printed作定语。答案：B29A.fast BsuddenlyCimmediately Dsoon解析：fast“快速地”，强调动作本身的速度；suddenly“突然地”；immediately“立即”；soon“很快”。结合句意可知，此处指时间“很快”，选D。答案：D30A.has BbringsCthanks Dimagines解析：thanks to“多亏，由于”。其他三个选项均为动词，不能构成状语，本句中不缺少谓语动词。答案：C31A.delivering BmakingCselling Dpublishing解析：本段在讲报纸的出版、发行，故选D项。答案：D32A.clear BpossibleCbright Dsuccessful解析：在“makeitadj.to do”结构中，it作形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语，make it possible to(do)“使(做)成为可能”。clear“清楚的”，bright“明亮的”，successful“成功的”，均不符合句意。答案：B33A.want BneedClike Dhope解析：影印不需要使用打字机和印刷机，故选need。答案：B34A.including BbesidesCsuch as Dexcept解析：此处用来举例，故选such as(例如)。答案：C35A.advanced BeasyCunusual Dsuitable解析：advanced“先进的”；easy“容易的”；unus