英语（大学)常用的写作结尾句型.ppt

大学英语写作常用句型,第二章 文章结尾句型,I. 结论性,主要用于通过文章前面的讨论分析，引出文章的中心思想和论点。,Examples:,From what has been discussed above (Taking into account all these factors/ Judging from all evidence offered), we may safely/reasonably arrive at (come to, reach, draw) the conclusion that,Application:,Taking into account all the relevant factors which affect and contribute to the attitude, we may safely conclude that we wont make a dent in the attainment of womens social status and their equal opportunities in every field if mens attitude remains unchallenged.,The evidence upon all sides (the analysis we have made) supports (justifies, confirms, points to, leads to) an unshakable (unmistakable, sound, just) conclusion (idea, view) that,Examples:,Application:,No one questions that the desire to protect children springs from the noblest of human instincts. Yet all the pressing reasons points to the need to reassess our traditional attitudes toward the juvenile offender. Surely, these reasons are worth considering in any discussion about the disposition of children who commit crimes.,Examples:,In summary (conclusion, a word), it is more important/ valuable to we should/ must,Application:,In conclusion, health is more important than wealth. Those who are rich but lose their health is no more happy and fortunate than those who are poor. If you want your wish to come true, health is the most important ingredient of your success.,II. 后果性,用于下面的情况：如果所讨论的问题不能解决，或不采取某种行动的话，将会产生什么后果。,Examples:,Obviously (clearly, no doubt), if we cant change (control, improve) the situation, (if we ignore the problem/unless there is an immediate action) there is every chance (the chances are good, it is very likely) that will be put in danger/ jeopardy.,Application:,Obviously, all the education will not put a real dent in the teenage smoking if we cant persuade our young people that they can- and must-control their future and if we cant persuade our parents that they should set a good example.,Example:,Any person/society who/ which ignores (is blind to, fails to learn) the lesson/warning would pay a heavy price. (come to no good end, end in failure/disaster/nothing).,Application:,Anyone who fails to recognize this point will pay a heavy price for this attitude. All the factors help to identify the cause for the rise in teenage suicides. Any society that is blind to the heavy burden our children have to carry, both academic and psychological, and ignores the lessons from the recent teenage suicides, may pay a heavier price.,Example:,We need to take a fresh/clear look at (examine/size up) the problem (matter, situation) from a wider standpoint (more broadly/seriously, in a new perspective), otherwise, we wont come anywhere near understanding/achieving,Application:,We need to take a clear-eyed look at how we are bringing up our young boys and girls in this changed culture and society; otherwise, we wont come anywhere near understanding the psychological dynamics that lead children to adopting a rebellious attitude toward parents and school authorities.,Application:,We need to take a fresh look at the unity of a nation in a wider context, otherwise we wont come anywhere near understanding its importance to its social progress and economic development.,III 号召性,呼吁读者行动起来，或敦促采取行动，或对某一问题提请注意。,Example:,It is time that we put/urged an immediate end to the deplorable (undesirable, unhealthy) situation (phenomenon, tendency) of,Application:,It is high time that we should urge an immediate end to this deplorable phenomenon. Our colleges and universities should be more willing to shoulder their responsibilities to students and their families.,Example:,It is necessary (essential, important) that effective (quick, proper) actions (steps, measures, remedies) should be taken to end (correct, fight) the situation (tendency, phenomenon) .,Example:,There is no doubt/denying that special (considerable, immediate, further) attention must be paid/devoted to the problem/development of,Application:,There is no doubt that adequate attention must be paid to the improvement of recreative possibilities in the neighborhood of the home, and the urban environment must offer as many recreation activities as possible.,IV. 建议性/方向性,建议性主要用于在结尾处对文章所讨论的问题提出建设性意见，其中包括建议和具体解决问题的方法。 方向性在结尾时对解决问题提出一个总的，大体的努力方向或指明前景。,Example:,It is hoped/suggested that great (considerable, persistent) efforts should be made to attain/achieve the goal.,Application:,College athletics plays such a vital role that it deserves close attention and persistent effort. It is suggested that physical training should be regarded as a required course wedged into college curricula, however crowded it may be, and that a fair share of college budget should be devoted to athletic program. We sincerely hope that this suggestion will be a commitment that all colleges and universities will take up.,Example:,In short/any case, we/it should (must, ought to),Application:,Schools and colleges have no right to lower standards just because of difficulties in enforcing them. They ought to do more than talk about the rise in the student smoking. They ought to bring cancer researchers who can run films for students showing the dreadful consequences caused by cigarette smoking. They ought to schedule visits to hospital wards for lung cancer patients. In short, they ought to take student smoking seriously.,Example:,We need to/What we need is,Application:,What we need is to stop shutting our minds to new, different ideas; to stop being afraid of them. What we need is to stick to the plain facts and only the factnever mind who discovered them or who challenges them. We stand on the threshold of a great age of science. We are already over the threshold; it is for us to make that future our own.,Example:,Awareness/Recognition/Presenting the problem is the first step toward/easier than providing the solution.,Application:,Defining the problem is easier than providing the solution. One can suggest that students should spend two or three years in an English speaking country, which amount to washing ones hands of them. And few students have the time or money to do that. So wide reading may be the best alternative course.,Example:,There is no easy (logical, quick, immediate, effective) method (solution, answer, remedy) to the problem/question/issue of,Application:,Whatever solutions are tried, there seems no quick relief from the nightmare of rising prices. Most economists concede that it will take at least five to eight years to wring inflation out of our economy, so for our people to be prepared, both physically and psychologically, to tighten their belts for a long time might be helpful.,Example:,We may have a long way to go/travel before we reach the final goal/destination. But once we are on the way, the chance to reach it is greater.,Application:,Few people are one hundred percent winners or one hundred percent losers. It is a matter of degree. However, once a person is on the road to being winner, his chances are greater for becoming even more so, though the road may be long and uneven before he reaches the final goal.,V. 意义性,从更高、更新的角度来指出所讨论的问题的重要性及其深远的意义。,Example:,Following these methods/suggestions may not guarantee the success/solution but the pay-off might be worth the effort. It