关 键 词：

挖掘 装载 机工 装置 结构设计

资源描述：

挖掘装载机工作装置结构设计,挖掘,装载,机工,装置,结构设计

内容简介：

电算程序 铲斗动臂举升仿真：#include stdio.h#include math.h#include graphics.h#define pi 3.1415926main() float l1,l2,l3,l4,a,b; int x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3,x4,y4; int gdriver=DETECT,gmode; initgraph(&gdriver,&gmode,c:mydocumentstc); cleardevice(); line(20,460,400,460); line(20,460,20,20); circle(20,230,3); circle(20,320,3); l1=sqrt(pow(119,2)+pow(130,2); l2=sqrt(pow(210,2)+pow(230,2); x2=(int)(12*sin(135*(pi/180); y2=(int)(230-12*cos(135*(pi/180); l3=sqrt(pow(250-x2),2)+pow(460-y2),2); l4=sqrt(pow(240-x2),2)+pow(y2-430),2); x1=(int)(l1*sin(135*(pi/180); y1=(int)(230-l1*cos(135*(pi/180); circle(250,460,3); circle(240,430,3); line(x2,y2,250,460); line(240,430,250,460); b=60*(pi/180); for(a=70*(pi/180);a50*(pi/180);a-=pi/120) line(20,460,400,460); line(20,460,20,20); circle(20,230,3); circle(20,320,3); x1=(int)(l1*sin(a); y1=(int)(230-l1*cos(a); circle(x1,y1,3); line(20,320,x1,y1); line(20,230,x1,y1); x2=(int)(12*sin(a); y2=(int)(230-12*cos(a); circle(x2,y2,3); line(x1,y1,x2,y2); getch(); getch(); 装载机系统可靠性分析与优化的意义装载机是为我国十五和2015年长期规划中基础工业和基础设施建设服务的一种重大技 术装备，它广泛应用于国民经济的众多领域，推动国家建设事业的发展。 经过 近 四 十年的努力，我国装载机行业已有较大发展，但产品水平、规模和企业素质与发达 国家相比，从整体上分析要差十五年左右，特别是大型装载机差距更大，与国民经济发展战略目 标和世界科学技术飞速发展相比，远未改变被动落后的局面，相反在技术上有进一步拉大的趋势。 国产装载机以价格低，能满足一般土石方工程铲运作业要求的特点，在国内市场的占有率约为 90%1,1.国产装载机的价格仅为卡特彼勒、小松同类机型的1/3，故在普通工程中有较强的竞争 力，但在国内重点土石方1程中因可靠性差、寿命短,JL乎没有一席之地，均被国外产品所垄断。 近几年由于国产装载机的价格优势，每年约有近加0台出口，约占总产量的1.5%。因此可以说，国内市 场的特点是厦点工程中国产机进不去，搬工程中进口机卖不动。 上述说明，在结构性能和结构 件加工能力方面，国产装载机行业进步较快，已接近国外先进水平，但在发动机、主要传动件方面， 因故障率高制约了产品总体质量和技术水平的提高。 尽管每年有不少新产品问世，但它们的传动部 分大同小异，因而质量水平也大同小异。 因此，选用技术性能先进的传动系统，淘汰不符合国家有关 标准的、落后的传动件将是提高装载机产品质量的关键。 装 载 机 系统的模糊可靠性分析是将装载机作为一个系统进行研究，用系统的观点和方法 对各子系统的可靠性进行分析，合理分配可靠度，使系统的可靠度得以优化配置，从而提高整机 的可靠性。 轮边减速器的可靠性优化设计是采用可靠性优化设计这一现代设计方法，使装载 机轮边减速器这一关键部件的可靠性得以保证，使传统设计方法的固有缺陷得以克服。 由于 可 靠 性对装载机市场竞争力的重要性，国内外学术界和工业界都很重视这方面的研究。 发达国家在理论上不断推陈出新，在实践中，积累了丰富的经验，打下了坚实的基础，使其产品 可靠性大大领先其他国外同行。 同时，我国在该领域，理论上还不完善，实践中缺乏大量基础性 工作的支持，产品可靠性落后。 1-2可靠性研究的发展和研究内容 、可靠性学科的产生与发展概况 第二 次 世 界大战期呵，德国在改进其v- I和v-I t火箭性能时就提出了可靠性的概念。 美 国的海、陆、空军等部门，由于其技术装备经常发生故障而不能有效利用，于1945年至1950年 进行了大量的关于可靠性方面的研究。 当时，美国派往前线作战的飞机有B0%不能起飞，电子仪 广西大学硕士学位论文 器使用时50%发生故障，轰炸机上电子装置的正常工作时间平均只有20小时，海军舰艇上的电子 装置在使用初期有70%发生故障。电子装置的高故障率引起了人们的高度重视，从而促进了可靠 性研究首先在电子学领域得到快速发展。195 4 年在 纽约成立了第一个美国国家可靠性委员会，英国、前苏联、日本等国家相继从20 世纪50年代末开始了可靠性研究工作。 第一 阶 段 (1943至1958年)，主要描述了建立在指数分布规律基础上的平均寿命的概率统计 特性。 研究认为，产品故障的发生及其原因是随机事件，具有不可避免性。 第二 阶 段 (1958至1968年)，可靠性研究的特点是，大力开展了实际可靠性的试验评估，以 及可靠性信息的收集和处理工作。 经过这一阶段的研究，使可靠性研究工作从电子领域扩展到了 机械领域，从军事部门扩展到了民用部门。 196 8年 以 后是可靠性发展的第三阶段。 在这一阶段，可靠性数学理论得到了进一步的发展， 并使其与技术学科紧密结合，形成了可靠性试验方法与数据处理方法;颁布了有关可靠性标准。 建立了预防维修体系和可靠性管理机构，并使可靠性的教育更加普及。 我国 自 1950年以来，原机械工业部有关单位对可靠性进行了研究，出版了可靠性与环境 试验和国外电子产品可靠性与环境试验两种刊物。 以后又在广州设立了环境试验研究所。 自1978年改革开放以来，我国的可靠性研究得到了大力发展，许多行业相继设立了可靠性专业 组织，制定了相应的可靠性标准，加强了产品可靠性考核与管理工作。 经过 20 多年的努力，我国工程机械领域在产品可靠性研究方面取得了较大的成绩。 对批量 生产的工程机械产品制定相应的可靠性指标和可靠性试验标准，高等院校的相关专业开设了可靠 性课程并进行专题研究，从而促进了工程机械产品质量的不断提高。 二 、 可 靠性研究的内容 可靠 性 学 科研究领域十分广阔，分为三个基本方面，即:可靠性基础理论、可靠性工程和可 靠性管理。 可靠 性 基 础理论包括可靠性数学和失效学两个领域。 概率论与数理统计是可靠性研究的理论 基础。 可靠 性 工 程和可靠性管理包括:1.可靠性指标的确定与分配;2.可靠性预测:3.可靠性设计; 4制造可靠性;5.可靠性试验:6.可靠性鉴定;7.使用可靠性;8.可靠性管理。 随着 科 学 技术的发展，工程机械产品的技术水平不断提高，用户对产品的可靠性要求也越来 越高，产品的可靠性水平直接影响着用户的经济效益，并成为产品竞争力的关键因素。 因此，工 程机械可靠性理论研究将受到越来越高的重视，可靠性研究也将更加深入。机械系统可靠性设计 与传 统 设 计方法相比，可靠性设计有其自身的特点。 在传统设计中，认为应力、强度、安全 系数等是确定性的单值变量:而在可靠性设计中，将相应的变量处理成多值的随机变量，并服从 _广西大学硕士学位论文 器使用时50%发生故障，轰炸机上电子装置的正常工作时间平均只有20小时，海军舰艇上的电子 装置在使用初期有70%发生故障。电子装置的高故障率引起了人们的高度重视，从而促进了可靠 性研究首先在电子学领域得到快速发展z 195 4 年在 纽约成立了第一个美国国家可靠性委员会，英国、前苏联、日本等国家相继从20 世纪50年代末开始了可靠性研究工作。 第一 阶 段 (1943至1958年)，主要描述了建立在指数分布规律基础上的平均寿命的概率统计 特性。 研究认为，产品故障的发生及其原因是随机事件，具有不可避免性。 第二 阶 段 (1958至1968年)，可靠性研究的特点是，大力开展了实际可靠性的试验评估，以 及可靠性信息的收集和处理工作。 经过这一阶段的研究，使可靠性研究工作从电子领域扩展到了 机械领域，从军事部门扩展到了民用部门。 196 8年 以 后是可靠性发展的第三阶段。 在这一阶段，可靠性数学理论得到了进一步的发展， 并使其与技术学科紧密结合，形成了可靠性试验方法与数据处理方法;颁布了有关可靠性标准。 建立了预防维修体系和可靠性管理机构，并使可靠性的教育更加普及。 我国 自 1950年以来，原机械工业部有关单位对可靠性进行了研究，出版了可靠性与环境 试验和国外电子产品可靠性与环境试验两种刊物。 以后又在广州设立了环境试验研究所。 自1978年改革开放以来，我国的可靠性研究得到了大力发展，许多行业相继设立了可靠性专业 组织，制定了相应的可靠性标准，加强了产品可靠性考核与管理工作。 经过 20 多年的努力，我国工程机械领域在产品可靠性研究方面取得了较大的成绩。 对批量 生产的工程机械产品制定相应的可靠性指标和可靠性试验标准，高等院校的相关专业开设了可靠 性课程并进行专题研究，从而促进了工程机械产品质量的不断提高。 二 、 可 靠性研究的内容 可靠 性 学 科研究领域十分广阔，分为三个基本方面，即:可靠性基础理论、可靠性工程和可 靠性管理。 可靠 性 基 础理论包括可靠性数学和失效学两个领域。 概率论与数理统计是可靠性研究的理论 基础。 可靠 性 工 程和可靠性管理包括:1.可靠性指标的确定与分配;2.可靠性预测:3.可靠性设计; 4制造可靠性;5.可靠性试验:6.可靠性鉴定;7.使用可靠性;8.可靠性管理。 随着 科 学 技术的发展，工程机械产品的技术水平不断提高，用户对产品的可靠性要求也越来 越高，产品的可靠性水平直接影响着用户的经济效益，并成为产品竞争力的关键因素。 因此，工 程机械可靠性理论研究将受到越来越高的重视，可靠性研究也将更加深入。机械系统可靠性设计 与传 统 设 计方法相比，可靠性设计有其自身的特点。 在传统设计中，认为应力、强度、安全 系数等是确定性的单值变量:而在可靠性设计中，将相应的变量处理成多值的随机变量，并服从 广西大学硕士学位论文 一定的概率统计分布。 在计算方法上，传统设计采用确定性的计算公式，而可靠性设计采用非确 定性的计算公式。 在设计准则方面，传统设计以确定的许用应力和安全系数为准则;而在可靠性 设计中，是以强度大于应力的概率为准则。 即，传统设计是一种确定性的，以静态数据为基础的 经验设计;可靠性设计则是一种非确定性的，以统计数据和概率论为基础的合理设计。 系统 可 靠 性设计，指的是整机系统可靠性的总体设计。 设计奠定可靠性，说明整机系统的可 靠性设计，是决定整机系统能否优生，能否保证可靠性水平的关键。 整机系统的可靠性设计是以 现场实际使用条件和使用要求为依据，以保证和提高整机系统在现场使用条件下顺利完成规定功 能的能力为目的。 然而，可靠性设计的出发点是从如何满足经过论证的可靠性指标开始。 整机 系 统 的可靠性设计是整机系统总体工程设计的组成部分，它与整机系统的结构设计紧密 相连相互交错。 可靠性设计指标是一个独立的要求，是保证整机系统质量与可靠性水平的重要的 技术指标。 然而，对整机系统的可靠性设计方案与可靠性设计的各项要求，又是寓于整机系统的 结构中的。 因此，要设计一个先进的装备，不仅要有先进的功能与性能的总体方案，还要有一个 完善的可靠性设计总体方案。 事实证明，整机系统有无可靠性设计总体方案，以及可靠性方案成 功与否，是决定整机系统成败的关键因素，无论是从节省人力、物力、降低成本方面看，还是从 加速试制进度，保证产品质量与可靠性水平方面看，都有特别重要的意义。机械系统模糊可靠性设计 以概 率 论 与数理统计为数学基础的可靠性设计，一般称之为常规可靠性设计或普通可靠性设 计，它研究工程设计中存在的随机现象，本质上把工程设计中的设计变量处理成多值随机变量， 从而对系统的有关参数和指标予以概率意义上的设计，把传统的设计扩展到一个新水平。 然而， 可靠性设计存在随机现象的同时，还存在大量的模糊现象。 例如经抽象简化的基本支座模型有三 类:固定端、简支端和自由端，自由端有明确的定义，容易识别，但对固定端、简支端就没有明 显的界限，对滑动轴承而言，轴承较宽则假设为固定端，轴承较窄则假设为简支端，这里的较 宽和较窄都是模糊概念。 八十年代后期，国内外有关人士认识到常规可靠性设计理论的局 限性。 常规 可 靠 性设计理论的局限性主要表现在以下几个方面: 首先 ， 常 规可靠性设计理论是建立在普通集合论和二值逻辑基础上的。 其次 ， 常 规可靠性设计理论面临事物的复杂化与梢确描述事物性质和状态的矛盾。 最后 ， 常 规可靠性设计理论缺乏必要的数据。 随着 各 种 新型复杂系统的建立与工程项目的实施，常规可靠性设计理论与工程实践的矛盾日 益突出。 由于常规可靠性设计理论对处理模糊现象无能为力，迫使人们将模糊数学和常规可靠性 设计结合起来。 模糊 随 机 可靠性设计是以模糊数学、常规可靠性设计理论为基础，同时考虑系统中的模糊现 象和随机现象而提出的设计理论和方法。 模糊随机可靠性设计可简称为模糊可靠性设计。广西大学硕士学位论文 一定的概率统计分布。 在计算方法上，传统设计采用确定性的计算公式，而可靠性设计采用非确 定性的计算公式。 在设计准则方面，传统设计以确定的许用应力和安全系数为准则;而在可靠性 设计中，是以强度大于应力的概率为准则。 即，传统设计是一种确定性的，以静态数据为基础的 经验设计;可靠性设计则是一种非确定性的，以统计数据和概率论为基础的合理设计。 系统 可 靠 性设计，指的是整机系统可靠性的总体设计。 设计奠定可靠性，说明整机系统的可 靠性设计，是决定整机系统能否优生，能否保证可靠性水平的关键。 整机系统的可靠性设计是以 现场实际使用条件和使用要求为依据，以保证和提高整机系统在现场使用条件下顺利完成规定功 能的能力为目的。 然而，可靠性设计的出发点是从如何满足经过论证的可靠性指标开始。 整机 系 统 的可靠性设计是整机系统总体工程设计的组成部分，它与整机系统的结构设计紧密 相连相互交错。 可靠性设计指标是一个独立的要求，是保证整机系统质量与可靠性水平的重要的 技术指标。 然而，对整机系统的可靠性设计方案与可靠性设计的各项要求，又是寓于整机系统的 结构中的。 因此，要设计一个先进的装备，不仅要有先进的功能与性能的总体方案，还要有一个 完善的可靠性设计总体方案。 事实证明，整机系统有无可靠性设计总体方案，以及可靠性方案成 功与否，是决定整机系统成败的关键因素，无论是从节省人力、物力、降低成本方面看，还是从 加速试制进度，保证产品质量与可靠性水平方面看，都有特别重要的意义。机械系统模糊可靠性设计 以概 率 论 与数理统计为数学基础的可靠性设计，一般称之为常规可靠性设计或普通可靠性设 计，它研究工程设计中存在的随机现象，本质上把工程设计中的设计变量处理成多值随机变量， 从而对系统的有关参数和指标予以概率意义上的设计，把传统的设计扩展到一个新水平。 然而， 可靠性设计存在随机现象的同时，还存在大量的模糊现象。 例如经抽象简化的基本支座模型有三 类:固定端、简支端和自由端，自由端有明确的定义，容易识别，但对固定端、简支端就没有明 显的界限，对滑动轴承而言，轴承较宽则假设为固定端，轴承较窄则假设为简支端，这里的较 宽和较窄都是模糊概念。 Loading Machine System Reliability AnalysisThe loading machine system reliability analysis and optimization is for our country 15 builds one kind of great technical equipment served with basic industry in the 2015 older in age phases planning and infrastructure , and its extensive use is in multitudinous domains of national economy , and pushes forward the development that the nation built the cause . As a result of near 40 years the effort , our country loading machine trade has had than the development greatly , but product standard , scope and enterprise character are compared with the advanced country , and following that upward the analysis will be less than about 15 years entire , especially large-scale loading machine gap is speedily developed and is compared with national economy development strategy objective and world science and technology more greatly , far away not changes the passive backward aspect , contrary there being trend bringing up further in the technology . The made in our country loading machine with price hangs down , the characteristic of satisfied general cubic meter of engineering shovel fortune school assignment requirement of ability , hence at home the owning rate of the market only 1/3, for Ka Tebis lux and small loose sames type about for the price of made in our country loading machine of 90%1,1. has in the ordinary engineering the stronger competition power , but at home focal point cubic metre of earth and stone 1 Cheng Zhongyins reliability is wrong and life span is short , JL does not have a location , all by abroad the product is monopolized . The near price superiority owing to the made in our country loading machine of several years have about closely adding 0 export every year , and occupy 1.5% of the gross output about . Therefore can speak , the characteristic of internal market is Xiamen . engineering China produces the machine can not to advance , and moves that in the engineering to enter port the machine not sell well . The made in our country loading machine trade advance is than fast at the aspect of structure capability and structure spare process ability to the mentioned above explanation , and has been close to the advanced standard of abroad , but at the aspect of engine and major transmission part , the barrier rate height has restricted product overall quality and technology raising of standard because of affairs . In spite of there being many new products to be published in every year , their transmission part is almost alike , thus the quality standard is also almost alike . Therefore chooses the transmission system of technical performance first-in , and wasing out not to agree with that to close the nation will be the key that raises the loading machine product quality about standard and backward transmission part . the blurred reliability analysis loaded the machine system being load the machine studying as a system , viewpoint and method with the system are analysed to the reliability of each sub system , and reasonably distribute reliablely spending , and makes system the reliable degree can optimize the disposition , thus raise the reliability of whole set . the reliability while the deceleration parachute of wheel optimizes the design is using the reliability to optimize this modern times design method of design , and makes the machine wheel loading can pledge while the reliability of these key parts of deceleration parachute , and makes the intrinsic defect of traditional design method can surmount . Owing to the fact that the reliability is to loading the machine market competition importance energetically , the research of this aspect are all attached importance to in home and abroad academic circles and industry circle verymuch . The advanced country is resonablely discussed to go up constantly to weed through the old to bring forth the new , and accumulated rich experience in practice , and has conquered the solid foundation , and makes his product reliability be in the lead colleagues of other abroads greatly . At the same time , our country is in this domain , and still imperfect in theory , being short of the support of a large number of foundation work in the practice , the product reliability is behind . Development and the research content of 1-2s reliability research and reliability branch of learning gives rise to and develops the general situation and breathes out World War II phase , and Germany has put forward the generally thought of reliability when improving his V- I and V-Is Ts rocket capability . The department such as sea and Lu air force etc of the United States owing to his technical equipment frequently breaks down and can not effectively use , research aspect in 1945 Nian Zhi being in progress a large number ofly in 1950 about the reliability . Then , the plane of United States group thread operation had B0% can not take off before , and 50% breaks down during electronics apparatus Guangxi university Master academic degree thesis ware use , and the normal work time average of electronics device has only 20 hours on the bomber , and the electronics device on the navy naval ships and boats has 70% to break down at the initial stage of the use . The Gao Guzhang rate of electronics device has caused highly attaching importance to of people , thus has promoted reliability research firstly to get the quick development in the electronics domain . Founding first American nation reliability committee in New York 195 4 years , nations such as the Britain , former Soviet Union and Japan etc have begun reliability research work from in 20 centuries the 50s ends in succession . The stage 1 ( in 1943 to 1958 ) has chiefly been described the generally rate statistics property of the average life on the exponential distribution law foundation of establishment . The research is thought , and possesses unavoidable nature hence what hinders occur the product and his cause is the random event . The characteristic of reliability research is the stage ( in 1958 to 1968 ) , and the trial to have developed the real reliability is energetically assessed , as well as the collection of reliability information is worked with dealing with . As a result of the research of this stage , making reliability research work expand the mechanical domain from the electronics domain , enlisting , the matter department has expanded the for civil use department . Is later on the third stage of reliability development in 196 8 years . In this stage , the reliability mathematics theory has got the development further , and makes his closely combine with the technology branch of learning , and has formed reliability trial method and data handling method ; Issue the concerned reliability standard . Has built preventive maintenance system and reliability management organization , and make the education of reliability be universalized in more further . Our country is from 1950 , and primary machine building ministry has been in progress research about the unit to the reliability , and has published two kinds of publications and . Establish the environmental test research institute in Guangzhou again later on . The reliability research of our country has got energetically and has developed from reform and open in 1978 , and many trades have been establish reliability special interest group and are weaved in succession , and has laid down the corresponding reliability standard , and have strengthened the product reliability examining and manage work . As a result of the effort of 20 many yearss , the bigger result has been gained in the mechanical domain of our country engineering at the aspect of product reliability research . To the corresponding reliability quota of mechanical product formulation of engineering and the reliability trial standard of batch process , reliability course advance side by side line special subjects research has been opened to the correlation specialty of colleges and universities , thus has promoted constantly raising of mechanical product quality of engineering . Namely it is very vast that the content reliability branch of learning of two , reliability research is studied the domain , is divided into three basic aspects Reliability basic theory , reliability engineering and reliability management . The reliability basic theory includes reliability mathematics and inefficacy two domains . The probability theory is theory foundation of reliability research with the mathematical statistics . Reliability engineering and reliability management include : 1. the reliability quota is fixed with distributing surely ; 2. the reliability forecasting : 3. the reliability design ; 4 manufacturing reliability ; 5. the reliability trial : 6. the appraisal reliability ; 7. the use reliability ; 8. the reliability management . Along with the development of science and technology , the technology standard of mechanical product of engineering is constantly raised , and user asks also more and more highlyer to the reliability of product , and the reliability standard of product is directly influencing the economic performance of user , and becomes the key factor that the product was competed power . Therefore the mechanical reliability theory research of engineering will suffer attaching importance to of more and more higher , and reliability research also will be gone deep into more further . the design method is compared the mechanical system reliability design of 1-3 with the tradition , and the reliability design has his self the characteristic . Thinks that stress , intensity and fail-safe system etc are the singulary variables of certainty in the tradition design : And the variable that generals and ministers of state answers is dealt with the random variable into the multivalue in the reliability design , and obeys _ 50% during Guangxi university Master academic degree thesis ware use is broken down , and the normal work time average of electronics device has only 20 hours on the bomber , and the electronics device on the navy naval ships and boats has 70% to break down at the initial stage of the use . The Gao Guzhang rate of electronics device has caused highly attaching importance to of people , thus having promoted the most before all others quick the develops Z getting in the electronics domain of reliability research to found first American nation reliability committee in New York 195 4 years , and nations such as the Britain , former Soviet Union and Japan etc have begun reliability research work from in 20 centuries the 50s ends in succession . The stage 1 ( in 1943 to 1958 ) has chiefly been described the generally rate statistics property of the average life on the exponential distribution law foundation of establishment . The research is thought , and possesses unavoidable nature hence what hinders occur the product and his cause is the random event . The characteristic of reliability research is the stage ( in 1958 to 1968 ) , and the trial to have developed the real reliability is energetically assessed , as well as the collection of reliability information is worked with dealing with . As a result of the research of this stage , making reliability research work expand the mechanical domain from the electronics domain , enlisting , the matter department has expanded the for civil use department . Is later on the third stage of reliability development in 196 8 years . In this stage , the reliability mathematics theory has got the development further , and makes his closely combine with the technology branch of learning , and has formed reliability trial method and data handling method ; Issue the concerned reliability standard . Has built preventive maintenance system and reliability management organization , and make the education of reliability be universalized in more further . Our country is from 1950 , and primary machine building ministry has been in progress research about the unit to the reliability , and has published two kinds of publications and . Establish the environmental test research institute in Guangzhou again later on . The reliability research of our country has got energetically and has developed from reform and open in 1978 , and many trades have been establish reliability special interest group and are weaved in succession , and has laid down the corresponding reliability standard , and have strengthened the product reliability examining and manage work . As a result of the effort of 20 many yearss , the bigger result has been gained in the mechanical domain of our country engineering at the aspect of product reliability research . To the corresponding reliability quota of mechanical product formulation of engineering and the reliability trial standard of batch process , reliability course advance side by side line special subjects research has been opened to the correlation specialty of colleges and universities , thus has promoted constantly raising of mechanical product quality of engineering . Namely it is very vast that the content reliability branch of learning of two , reliability research is studied the domain , is divided into three basic aspects Reliability basic theory , reliability engineering and reliability management . The reliability basic theory includes reliability mathematics and inefficacy two domains . The probability theory is theory foundation of reliability research with the mathematical statistics . Reliability engineering and reliability management include : 1. the reliability quota is fixed with distributing surely ; 2. the reliability forecasting : 3. the reliability design ; 4 manufacturing reliability ; 5. the reliability trial : 6. the appraisal reliability ; 7. the use reliability ; 8. the reliability management . Along with the development of science and technology , the technology standard of mechanical product of engineering is constantly raised , and user asks also more and more highlyer to the reliability of product , and the reliability standard of product is directly influencing the economic performance of user , and becomes the key factor that the product was competed power . Therefore the mechanical reliability theory research of engineering will suffer attaching importance to of more and more higher , and reliability research also will be gone deep into more further . the design method is compared the mechanical system reliability design of 1-3 with the tradition , and the reliability design has his self the characteristic . Thinks that stress , intensity and fail-safe system etc are the singulary variables of certainty in the tradition design : And the variable that generals and ministers of state answers is dealt with the random variable into the multivalue in the reliability design , and obeys the Guangxi university fixed generally rate statistical distribution of Masters academic degree thesis . In the computational method , the calculation formula of certainty is used in tradition design , and the calculation formula of nondeterminacy is used in the reliability design . The tradition design takes definite allowance stress and fail-safe system as the norm at the aspect that design the norm ; And is that the generally rate that is more than stress with intensity is the norm in the reliability design . Namely , the tradition design is one kind of certainty , the experience design that takes the static state data as the foundation ; But the reliability design is one kind of nondeterminacy , and the reasonable design that the probability theory is the foundation with the statistics data . The system reliability design indicates the system design of whole set system reliability . The reliability is established in the design , explaiing the reliability design of whole set system , and is deciding the whether the most excellent life of whole set system , and the key of whether guaranty reliability standard . The reliability design of whole set system is real using the conditional sum to use and asks to the basis with the field , with the guaranty is the purpose with the ability to raise the whole set system smooth regulation accomplishing merit under the field use condition ability . But the starting point of reliability design is satisfying the reliability quota passing the demonstration from how to begin . The reliability design of whole set system is the component of whole set system overall engineering designation , and the physical design of it and whole set system closely is linked together and interlocks mutually . The reliability design quota is the requirement of independence , and is the important technology quota to pledge whole set system quality and the reliability standard . But , to the reliability design scheme of whole set system and all requirements of reliability design , again in the structure of the whole set system containeding in . Therefore will design the equipment of a first-in , and not only will have the overall scheme of the merit ability of first-in and capability , and still will have a perfect reliability design overall scheme . The fact is proved , the scheme that the whole set system has or not reliability design overall , as well as whether or not the reliability scheme is succeeded , and is the key factor to decide the whole set system success or failure , sees no matter being the manpower from economizes and the resource and reduction cost that still from quickening the trial-production rate of progress , the guaranty product quality is seen with horizontal of reliability , and all has the especially important meaning . The reliability design is blured with the reliability design with the mathematical statistics foundation of probability theory to the mechanical system of 1-4 , and generally calling it convention reliability design or ordinary reliability design , it studies random phenomena that exists in the engineering designation , deals with the design variable in the engineering designation into the multivalue random variable in the essence , thus the design in the justice is given generally as one pleases to the concerned parameter and the quota of system , a new standard is expanded in the design of handle tradition . But the reliability design exists the at the same time of random phenomena , and still exists a large number of blurring effects . Such as there are 3 kinds through abstracting the basic abutment model simplified : Holding solid deciding the end and Jian Zhiduan and free , freely holding has the clear and definite definition , easily recognition , but as far as decide the end admittedly and Jian Zhiduan does not have the clear demarcation line , to the sliding bearing , but the bearing than the width supposes for solid decide end , but the bearing narrower hypothesis for Jian Zhiduan , here comparatively wide and narrower all is the fuzzy concept . The concerned personage of home and abroad knew the limitations of convention reliability design theory in the 80s later periods . The limitations of convention reliability design theory chiefly shows at the aspect that following several : Firstly , the convention reliability design theory is built on ordinary set theory and two-valued logic foundation . Next the convention reliability design theory is faced with complicatedization of thing and the tip the is true description thing quality and the contradiction of state . Finally , the convention reliability design theory is short of the necessary data . The convention reliability design theory is protruding increasingly with the contradiction of engineering practice to the implementation of establishment along with the various new type complex systems and project item . The convention reliability design theory force people to combine fuzzifying mathematics and convention reliability design owing to being powerless to handle blurring effect . Bluring the random reliability design to be with fuzzifying mathematics and convention the reliability design theory serve as the foundation , blurring effect and random phenomena thought over at the same time in the system and design theory and method put forward . Bluring the random reliability design can abbreviate for bluring the reliability design . The fixed generally rate statistical distribution of mechanical pattern _ Guangxi university Masters academic degree thesis . In the computational method , the calculation formula of certainty is used in tradition design , and the calculation formula of nondeterminacy is used in the reliability design . The tradition design takes definite allowance stress and fail-safe system as the norm at the aspect that design the norm ; And is that the generally rate that is more than stress with intensity is the norm in the reliability design . Namely , the tradition design is one kind of certainty , the experience design that takes the static state data as the foundation ; But the reliability design is one kind of nondeterminacy , and the reasonable design that the probability theory is the foundation with the statistics data . The system reliability design indicates the system design of whole set system reliability . The reliability is established in the design , explaiing the reliability design