高考英语形容词、副词讲解.ppt

,高考英语专题复习-形容词、副词考点,PART,形容词的语法功能形容词的基本用法高考中常出的考察热点和答题技巧：,大飞囊,形容词用法：,Thegorgeouscarlooks/isawesome！Hisideasoundsreasonable.Thebarberdyedherhairred.Thenaughtyboymadehissistercry.Theoldhavebeentakengoodcareof.,定语,表语,宾语补足语,The+adj表示一类人，做主语或宾语,表语,1.名词+后缀形容词1)ful:help-helpful,use-useful2)al:naturenatural3)able:reasonreasonable4)ce-t:patience-patient2.动词+后缀形容词：interestinterestedinterestingamazeamazedamazing,常见形容词后缀：,-ing形容词一般修饰事物。-ed形容词主语一般是人。,5)ty-ious:curiosity-curious,练习,1.Sheisa_(nature)musician.2Themanisaworker_(retire)lastyear.3.Itwillnotbe_(suit)forustoliveintheworldinthefuture.4.Thekidwasvery_(interest)inphysics.5.Weallfindit_(importance)tolearnEnglishwell.6.Maryfelt_(please),becausethereweremanyemptyseatsintheroom.(2016年广东高考语法填空)2,natural,retired,suitable,interested,important,pleased,在英语里,一般定语前置时的次序为:限定词，形容词、分词、动名词和名词性定语。但当几个形容词同时出现在名词之前,我们要注意其次序。其形容词遵循的词序为：限观形龄色国材，指：限定词（包括冠词，指示词数量）,外观（美丽等）,形状（大小高矮肥瘦）,年龄；颜色；国籍；材料；用途。afamousAmericanuniversityaninterestingsmalloldItalianpaintinganewplasticbucket,多个定语形容词排列顺序：,其形容词排列遵循的词序为：限观形龄色国材，指：限定词（包括冠词，指示词数量）,外观（美丽等）,形状（大小高矮肥瘦）,年龄；颜色；国籍；材料；用途。,县官行令杀国才。,。,县官行令杀国才。,一辆漂亮的黄色意大利小车。那位魅力十足的年轻苗条的女士。,agorgeoussmallyellowItaliancar,thatcharmingslimyounglady.,表语形容词：它指的是那些只用于连系动词后作表语，而不能用于名词前作定语的形容词。英语中的表语形容词非常有限，归纳起来，主要有以下几类：1.某些以a-开头形容词:absent缺席的，afraid害怕的alive活着的alone单独的，ashamed羞愧的，asleep睡着的,awake醒着的，alike相似的请看实例：Dontbeafraidofit.别怕。Hewasaloneinthehouse.他独自一人在家里。若要用作定语且具有以上意义，可改用其他形容词：误：anasleepchild,anashamedgirl,analivepoet正：asleepingchild，ashygirl，alivingpoet2、某些表示健康的形容词fine健康的ill有病的well健康的faint昏迷的请看实例：hewasillandcouldntcome他病了，所以不能来。,注意：very不能用来修饰表语形容词；afraid害怕的，ashamed羞愧的，除外。Hefellasleepcompletely.Theywereveryashamedofhisbehavior.,Friends，supperisreadynow.Theyarefondofglobaltour.Thetwinslookalikesomuch.Englishiswellworthlearning.,改正下列句中的错误Ihavetostayathometolookaftermyillsister,whocaughtabadcoldtheotherday.,解析：ill表示“生病的”意思时，只用作表语形容词，不能作定语。,什么是表语形容词？,sick,b表语形容词作定语要后置。,把括号中的词放入恰当的位置Allthepeopleatthepartywerehissupporters.（present）,c形容词修饰不定代词something,everything,anything,nothing，nobody等时，要位其于后面。如：,Isthereanythingimportantintodaysnewspaper?3任何聪明人：anybodysmart；,2.今天的报纸上有什么重要新闻吗？,1.美好的东西:,Somethingnice,D.enough做副词修饰形容词时，放在其修饰的形容词后面。Theyarestrongenoughtoperformancethefiercegame.Thesingerwaswealthyenoughtobuysuchaluxuryvehicle.,例:_totakethisadventurecoursewillcertainlylearnalotofusefulskills.(全国)BraveenoughstudentsB.EnoughbravestudentsC.StudentsbraveenoughD.Studentsenoughbrave,enough修饰形容词时要放在形容词之后，enough修饰名词时放在前后都可。,原级比较句型结构:1.“as+adj/adv+as”一样等级比较2.notso(as)+adj/adv+as.”不如不等级比较该句型常用来描述两个比较对象的程度上的相似或不同(即平时说的“等级比较和不等级比较”)。例如：Mycomputerisnotso(as)heavyasyours.我的电脑不如你的重。,2.“asmany/few+可数名词复数+as”或asmuch/little(少的)+不可数名词+as。前者描述数目上接近，后者描述量相近。例如：Youmaygetasmanybooksasyoucan.你能借多少书就借少。“Drinkasmuchwaterasyoucan.”thedoctorsaidtohim.医生对他说：“你要尽可能的多喝些水。,Youcantbetoocareful.Youcantbecarefulenough.你越仔细越好。,越就越好；怎么也不为过分：主语+cantbetoo+adj=主语+cantbe+adj+enough,little,less,不规则变化形式,least,8,tallerharderlargerwider,tallesthardestlargestwidest,biggerhotterfatterwetter,biggesthottestfattestwettest,happierdrierearlier,happiestdriestearliest,narrowerclevererabler,narrowestcleverestablest,moredifficultmorepopular,mostdifficultmostpopular,少数以-er,-ow,-able结尾的双音节词,末尾加-er或-est,规则变化,better,best,worse,worst,less,more,most,farther/further,older/elder,least,farthest/furthest,oldest/eldest,不规则变化,巧记：特殊形式比较级共有三对二合一坏病两多并两好little意思不是小一分为二有两个一是老来二是远,late,later,latest,fat,fatter,fattest,happy,happier,happiest,difficult,moredifficult,themostdifficult,carefulinterestingdeliciousbeautifulImportantpopular,fine,nice,large,safe/big,thinheavy,pretty,easy,thirsty,healthy,7,比较级的用法:表一方超过另一方时,用“比较级+than”结构；表一方不如另一方时,用“less+原级+than”结构.Thisparkisbetterthanthatone.Thisparkislesscutethanthatone.2.比较级前可加修饰词much,even,alot,abit,alittle,still,far,yet,byfar,rather.注意:byfar通常用于强调最高级,用于比较级时一般放在比较级后面;如放在前面,应在中间加the.,比较级考点：1.表示“比.更”。用比较级形容词+than+比较成分,than后的动词往往省略,非正式用法than后人称代名词可用宾格。Heisyoungerthanme.他比我年轻。Iamabetterswimmerthanhe（him）.2.表“较.低;不及.”用less+原级形容词+than+比较成分。Iamlessyoungthanhe（is）.我不比他年轻。3.表两者之中“较.”,用the+比较级+ofthetwo。Thisoneisthebiggerofthetwohouses.这所房子是两座房子中较大的。4.定冠词/指示形容词+比较级+名词表示比较意义。ThetallerboyisJohn.那个身材较高的男孩子是约翰。5.有少数以ior结尾的形容词,如inferior（次于）,junior（年幼的;下级的）,prior（之前）,senior（年长的,上级的）,superior（优于）等与介词to连用。Thismethodissuperiortothatone.这种方法优于那种方法,如:Heistallerbyfarthanhisbrother.Heisbyfarthetallerofthetwobrothers.Hisexplanationis_.byfarclearerB.clearerbyfarC.theclearerbyfarD.theclearer,比较形容词可以被副词如alittle（一点）,much（得多）,even（更加）,still（更加）,far（.的多）,alot,abit,agreatdeal,rather，alittle，等修饰,翻译:现在的生活简单得多了。Lifeisveryeasierthanitwastwentyyearsago.Lifeisverymucheasierthanitwastwentyyearsago.注意;fairly,very,quite不修饰比较级,quitebetter除外。,凡是不能修饰比较级的副词，也不能用在too前面。,例：-Howdidyoufindyourvisittothemuseum?-Ithoroughlyenjoyedit.Itwas_thanIhadexpected.A.farmoreinterestingB.evenmuchinterestingC.moreinterestingD.alotmuchinteresting,修饰比较级的副词有much,far,even,still,alot,alittle,yet,abit,byfaretc.,此时形容词都按多音节对待。,常考搭配：1.the+比较级,the+比较级越，就越Theharderyoulearn,thebetteryourscoreswillbe.Thebusierheis,thehappierhefeels.Themoredifficultthequestionis,thefunnierthestudentsappear.moreandmore.越来越Assummerisdrawingnear,daytimeisgettinglongerandlonger.,3倍数表示法：1)倍数+as+形容词原级+as；2)倍数+形容词比较级+than；3)倍数+the+size/length/width/height/depth/cover+of。Thedininghallis3timesaslargeasthatone.Thedininghallis2timeslargerthanthatone.Thedininghallis3timesthesizeofthatone.,倍数表达法特殊训练：,4.nomorethanVsnotmorethanThisbookisnomoreinterestingthanthatone.这本书不比那本书更有意思。（两者一样没意思。）Thisbookisnotmoreinterestingthanthatone.这本书还不如那本书有意思。（还比不上本书有意思）,5“否定+比较级”表达的意思相当于最高级。Waituntilwegetasatisfactoryreply,willyou?Icouldntagreemore.Theideasoundsgreattome.“a+比较级+名词（than）”结构出现在以never构成的完成时态的动词后面。Howbeautifullyshesings！Ihaveneverheardabettervoice.,最高级,-Areyousatisfiedwithhisanswer?-Notatall.Itcouldnthavebeen_(bad).,worse,(2016)“Thewaterwassimplythecontainerforanactofkindnessandlove.Nothingcouldbe_(sweet).”思路点拨:这是否定词nothing与比较级连用表示最高级的概念，故填sweeter。句意是：“没有什么东西比这个更甜了”，也就是说“这是世界上最甜的水”。,sweeter,形容词最高级：(三个以上比较才有最高级)the+adj最高级+of/in/amongeg.TheirEnglishteacheristhecleverestofalltheteachers/intheschool/amongalltheteachers.有时形容词最高级前不是定冠词the，而是a/an,此时不是比较结果而是一种修辞手法，意为：极其，非常。eg.Sheisabestfriendofmine.,1、oneof+the+adj.最高级+n.（复）of/among/in意思“最的之一”eg.Paper-makingisoneofthegreatestinventionsofancientChina.2、the+序数词+adj.最高级+n.（单）+in短语“第几（长、大、远）”eg.TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.3、adj.最高级可用在选择疑问句中，常用句型：Which/WhoA,BorC?eg.Whichcityisthebiggest,Beijing,ShanghaiorChongqing?4、当adj.最高级前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格修饰时，省掉最高级前的定冠词the。eg.Lindaismysistersbestfriend,最高级常考考点：,答题技巧,1.(2014全国1语法填空)Finally,thathardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveris(clean)thanever.2.(2015四川)Andyiscontentwiththetoy.Itisthe(good)heevergot.3.(2015全国II)-Mr.Stevensonisgreattoworkfor.Ireallycouldntaskfora(good)boss.,cleaner,better,best,形容词比较级的标志词,形容词最高级的标志词,否定词+比较级相当于最高级,口诀:两者比较than相连,三者比较the在前。,小结：一些题目可以直接通过得到答案。,标志词,4.(2016山东)Be(reason)-youcantexpectmetofinishallthiswokinsolittletime.5.(2014全国II)Whilethereare(amaze)storiesofinstanttransformation.6.(2014年全国I改错题)Theteachersherearekindandhelpfully.,helpful,系动词后面用形容词作表语,reasonable,名词前面用形容词作定语,系动词后面用形容词作表语,amazing,小结:形容词通常放在后作表语前作定语。,系动词,名词,合作探究,1.哪些小题与形容词有关？2.分别考查哪一个考点？A.比较等级B.形容词后缀C.变为副词,高考链接,(2014全国新课标I语法填空)Areyoufacingasitua-tionthatlooksimpossibletofix?In1969,thepollutionwasterriblealongtheCuyahogaRiverCleveland,Ohio.It61(be)unimaginablethatitcouldeverbecleanedup.Theriverwassopollutedthatit62(actual)caughtfireandburned.Now,yearslater,thisriverisoneof63mostout-standingexamplesofenvironmentalcleanup.Buttheriverwasntchangedinafewdays64evenafewmonths.Ittookyearsofwork65(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.,was,actually,the,or,toreduce,Finally,thathardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveris66(clean)thanever.Maybeyouarefacinganimpossiblesituation.Maybeyouleaveahabit67isdrivingyourfamilycrazy.Possiblyyoudrinktoomuchordontknowhowtocontrolyourcreditcarduse.Whenyoufacesuchanim-possiblesituation,dontyouwantaquickfixandsomethingtochangeimmediately?Whilethereare68(amaze)storiesofinstanttransformation,formostofusthe69(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork,likecleaningupapollutedriver.Justbe70.(patience),cleaner,amazing,changes,patient,that/which,2016全国新课标IAreyoufacingasituationthatlooksimpossibletofix?In1969,thepollutionwasterriblealongtheCuyahogaRiverCleveland,Ohio.It61(be)unimaginablethatitcouldeverbecleanedup.Theriverwassopollutedthatit62(actual)caughtfireandburned.Now,earslater,thisriverisoneof63mostoutstandingexamplesofenvironmentalcleanup.Buttheriverwasntchangedinafewdays64evenafewmonths.Ittookyearsofwork65(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.Finally,thathardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveris66(clean)thanever.Maybeyouarefacinganimpossiblesituation.Maybeyouleaveahabit67isdrivingyourfamilycrazy.(删减两句)Whilethereare68(amaze)storiesofinstanttransfor-mation,formostofusthe69(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork,likecleaningupapollutedriver.Justbe70.(patience),62.考点一：与副词互换,63.考点二：比较等级,66.考点二：比较等级,68.考点三：形容词后缀,70.考点三：形容词后缀,翻译下列句子，划出句中的副词。1.Whenthelightsareon,thecitylooksmarvelous.2.Thoughfrequentlybeatenbyhisopponent,hedidntloseheart.3.Heisprettycleverwhenitcomestorepairs.4.Obviously,themurdererhadagoodknowledgeofthecrimesituation.,修饰动词，表示动作发生的时间、地点、方式、程度等或表达状态的词叫副词。,副词,副词用来修饰动词,形容词,其他副词或整个结构。Theyalwaysgetupearly.修饰动词。Thekidwasstrongenoughtoliftsucharock修饰形容词。,副词的位置：1）在动词之后。2）在be动词、助动词之后。3）多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后。4)几个副词程度方式地点时间Westudyhardatschooleveryday.,形容词变副词规则：,1.直接在形容词后面加ly：hopeful2.以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i,再加ly：angryeasy3.以辅音字母+le结尾,e变ypossibleterrible,slowslowly,hopefully,angrily,easily,possibly,terribly,especialexcitedamazingnaturalreal,形容词,副词,especiallyexcitedlyamazinglynaturallyreally,将下列形容词转化为副词形式,careful,loud,safe,quick,slow,第一组：,slowly,quickly,carefully,loudly,safely,第二组：,happy,lucky,heavy,angry,easy,happily,luckily,heavily,angrily,easily,第三组：,terrible,gentle,possible,simple,terribly,gently,possibly,simply,总结变化规则,1.直接+ly,2.以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词变y为i再+ly,3.有些以le结尾的形容词需要去掉e再+y,lovely,friendly,ugly,likely,11/20/2019,Adverb(副词),形容词转换成副词的规则,副词的用法,2.修饰整个句子,1.修饰形容词，其他副词。,3.修饰动词,1.直接+ly,2.以y结尾的形容词变y为i再+ly,3.以-ble或le结尾的形容词去掉e再+y,Summary,副词的用法修饰形容词,Thepandaisreallylovely.,副词,形容词,修饰,1.Theyarereallybeautiful.,2.TheyactedwonderfullyintheTVplay.,3.Regretfully,wecannottalktothemfacetoface.,1.Theclothesare_(extreme)beautiful.2.Iam_(terrible)sorry.3.Theboy_(serious)ill.,terribly,seriously,extremely,副词的用法-修饰全句,Surprisingly,thetwolittlegirlscandrawsowell.,副词,修饰全句,1._(natural),ourparentsarehappytogetourphonecall.,Naturally,2._(amazing),thetreedidnotdie.,Amazingly,3._(lucky),apolicemanfoundtheboy.,Luckily,Hesingsbeautifully.,副词的用法修饰动词,副词,修饰,动词,1.IgotanA.Tomsaid_(happy).,2.Myracewent_(wonderful)fromstarttofinish.,3.Wehopeyourchildrengrow_(healthy).,happily,wonderfully,healthily,注意：1)方式副词well;badly糟,坏;hard等只放在句尾。HespeaksEnglishwell.bebadlyill/hurt/damaged/inneed2)副词very可以修饰形容词，但不修饰动词。改错：IverylikeEnglish.IlikeEnglishverymuch.,副词比较级和最高级用法同形容词基本一样。只是，副词最高级形式前的the通常要省略。Herunsfastestinourclass.他在我们班跑地最快。enough即可当形容词也可当副词；Wehaveenoughtimetofinishourclass.当副词时，放在其修饰的形容词后面：Heusedtobestrongenoughtoliftabull.,6.Alanisacarefuldriver,buthedrives_ofallmyfriends.(2017上海).A.morecarefullyB.themostcarefullyC.lesscarefullyD.theleastcarefully,有的副词有两种形式：形容词原形副词，和adj+ly副词。后者倾向于抽象模糊的感觉：,close与closelyclose意思是“近”；closely意思是仔细地Heissittingclosetome.Watchhimclosely.late与latelylate意思是“晚”；lately意思是最近Youhavecometoolate.Whathaveyoubeendoinglately?deep与deeplydeep是表空间深度；deeply表感情上的深度,深深地Hepushedthestickdeepintothemud.Evenfatherwasdeeplymovedbythefilm.,wide与widelywide表空间宽度；widely意广泛地，在许多地方Heopenedthedoorwide.Englishiswidelyusedintheworld.free与freelyfree的意思是“免费”；freely的意思是无限制地Youcaneatfreeinmyrestaurantwheneveryoulike.Youmayspeakfreely;saywhatyoulike,high与highlyhigh表空间高度;highly表程度,相当于much。Theplanewasflyinghigh.Ithinkhighlyofyouropinion,gotobedlate.Alatetrain,选词填空：1.“Openthedoor_,”saidtheteacher.A.verywider,B.muchwidely.C.muchwiderD.morewider.2.Themonitortoldthemtoreadthetext_.loudB.aloudC.loudlyD.louder.3.Look，thekitesflewso_(high,highly).4.Theheadmasterpraisedtheboy_(high,highly),I.形容词和副词的误用,Completethesentences.1.Hearingthenews,hesatstil