专家推荐词根讲义.doc

7月25日讲座文本astro- 星,星的astronaut 宇航员 naut(ship)astronomy 天文学astrology 占星术 logy 学，论astrospace 宇宙空间，太空=spaceastronomer天文学者astronomical 天文学的，庞大的astronomical sums of money will be needed for this plan.实行这项计划所需要的经费是个天文数字。astrogate 宇宙飞行与astro意义相同的2个词缀：astr,asterasteroid 小行星asterisk 星号（*），星形物，加星号于扩展几个词汇行星：a planet恒星：a fixed star 或 a permanent star卫星：a satellite彗星：a comel流星：a shooting star/a meteor超巨星：a supergiant starMercury 水星Venus 金星Jupiter 木星Saturn 土星Uranus 天王星Neptune 海王星Pluto 冥王星mono单，单一的monopoly n.垄断, 独占, 专利 这是一个6级词汇例句:gain a monopoly 获得专利权In some countries tobacco is a government monoploy.A good education should not be the monopoly of the rich.另一个名词形式:monopolist 有专利的人一个副词形式;monopolistic动词形式:momopolize(ise) v.垄断trying to monopolize the supply of oil 企图垄断石油供应它的名词形式:monopolizationmonotonous adj.单调的, 枯燥的例句:monotonous voice 单调的声音 monotonous work 无聊的工作副词形式:monotonouslymonotone 单调的 to speak in a monotonemonotone concrete buildings 单调的混凝土建筑monotonyn. 单调，无聊relieve the monotony of everyday life 缓解日常生活的单调状况扩展词汇：monologue 自言自语，独白monorail 单轨铁路mono 单声道放音或录音=monophonicmonogamy 一夫一妻制相同词缀:mon-monoxide 一氧化碳的1231micro-小的,短的,极微小的microbe 微生物,细菌,尤指病菌,酵母菌 bactreia 细菌microcomputer 微机microprocessor 微处理器microphone 麦克风microwave 微波 microwave oven 微波炉microscope 显微镜telescope 望远镜microscopic a.显微的,微型的,细致的macroscopic a.宏观的扩展词汇:microbiology 微生物学microsoft 微软microchip 微型芯片microcircuitry 小型电路7月26日词根讲义 anti- 反,对抗,排斥anti开头的单词多少带有一些政治性色彩,属即难又罕见的词,也有一些经常出现在英文报纸中.大纲中并没有直接出现以anti为前缀的词.anticipate v.预期,预料,预感,期望扩展:anti+国名 如:anti-American 反美的antiwar 反战的antipollution 反公害antisocial 反社会的antitank 反坦克antibiotic 抗生素antibacterial 抗菌性的antibody 抗体antifreeze 防冻剂 Freeze!antipathy 反感 anti+path(felling)+y sympathy 同情anti的同义词根:antantonym 反义词 synonym 同义词arctic 北极的 antarctic 南极的semi-半semiconductor 半导体colon 冒号 semicolon 分号其它标点:period 句号 comma 逗号 question mark 问号exclamation mark 感叹号 swung dash * asterisk :atsemimonthly 半月刊semimanufactures 半成品 =semi+manu(hand)+fact(make)+uressemidiameter 半径 semidaimit semitransparent 半透明的Ultra-超,极端,在.之外ultraviolet 紫外线(的)ultrasonic 超声波 ultrasoundultimate 最后的,最终的,最后ultimately 最后,终于作业:同情,反感,北极的,南极的,半导体,紫外线的,超声波,最后的,最后7月27日词根讲义 aero-,air-空气的aerospaceaeroplane/airplaneareial a.空气的,航空的 n.天线 antenna 天线aerial view鸟瞰图aerial current气流aircraftairlineairportairmailareonaut airman pilotauto-自己,自动的,自然而然的,源于古希腊语antos(自己)automobile=autoautomatic a.自动的,机械的,无意识的 n.自动机械an automatic washing machine.automation 自动化扩展:autocide 自杀 cide(kill)autocracy 独裁 democracy 民主automomy 自治,自治权,自治区Vice- 在官职前使用，表示：副，代理，vice-presidentvice-principalcross- 交叉的crosswalkcross eyecross armedcross leggedcontra 与。相反contract v.收缩，缩小，订（约） n.包工，合同He was engaged on the contract of 5 years.contradict v.反驳，同。矛盾He contradicted his own statement.contrary n.相反,反面,对立物 a.相反的,反对的,矛盾的,对比的His behavior is contrary to moral.contrast v.使与.相比,对比 n.对照,对比,差异in contrast with/to 与.成反比,比较起来 水星:Mercury 金星:Venus 地球:the Earth火星:Mars 木星:Jupiter土星:Saturn 天王星:Uranus 海王星:Neptune 冥王星:Pluto 7月28日词根讲义 post- 在.后postpone v.推迟，延迟 反义词：delayThe ball game was postponed because of rain.球赛因雨延期。名词形式：postponement postgraduate 大学毕业后的，研究生研究生院，研究所 graduate schoolP.S.=postscript补充：post:v.贴出，宣布，公告，邮寄 n.柱，标杆，邮政，邮寄，职位，哨所post officepostage n.邮费，邮资postal a.邮政的，邮局的posterpostmanpre-前,前的,预先的preachv.宣讲(教义),布道;竭力鼓吹,宣传;说教六级词汇 例:preach international peaceprecautionn.预防,谨慎,警惕四级词汇pre+cautionprecedev.领先(于),在(之前);优先,先于六级词汇pre+ced(go)+eThe tourists were preceded by their guide.向导走在游客的前面。He preceded his speech with welcome to the guests.他在正式讲演前, 先对来宾表示欢迎。precedentn.先例新增The President followed historical precedent in forming the Cabinet.总统遵循历史惯例来组成内阁precedinga.在前的,在先的四级词汇preciousa.珍贵的,贵重的高中词汇precisea.精确的,准确的四级词汇The victim was able to give a precise description of the suspect.受害者能够清晰地描绘嫌疑犯a precise measurement; a precise instrument.精确的测量；精密仪器precise pronunciation; precise prose.正确的发音；严格无误的散文precise measurements精确的尺寸to be precise用作插入语确切地讲at that precise moment恰恰在那个时刻a very precise man非常严谨的人precisionn.精确,精确度四级词汇precision in calculation计算的精确度precludev.排除,阻止,妨碍新增preclude misunderstanding避免误解The flood precluded him from coming.他因洪水不能来了。preclude sb. from sth.阻止某人做某事; 使某人做某事成为不可能predecessorn.前辈，前任六级词汇新增pre- 先 + de-离+ceder 走开predictv.预言,预测,预告四级词汇pre+dict(say)predict rain for tomorrow预告明天有雨predominanta.(over)占优势的;主要的,突出的六级词汇pre- 先+dominant 支配的，优势的the predominant feature of sb.s character某人性格的主要特征prefacen.序言,引言,前言 v.作序,写前言四级词汇preferv.(to)更喜欢,宁愿四级词汇prefers coffee to tea.喜欢咖啡胜于茶prefer . rather than宁愿愿意.而不愿prefer .to喜欢.而不喜欢; 喜欢. 胜过.I should prefer you not to stay that you did not stay there too long.我希望你不要在那儿呆得太久。preferablea.(to)更可取的,更好的四级词汇preferencen.(for,to)偏爱,喜爱;优惠;优先选择四级词汇pregnanta.怀孕的,孕育的,充满的,意味深长的六级词汇新增be pregnant with new ideas孕育着新思想a pregnant reply意味深长的答复pregnant artists有创造力的艺术家pregnant years丰年All nature seemed pregnant with life.整个大自然似乎充满了活力。His words are pregnant with meaning.他的言辞富有意义。prejudicen.偏见,成见;损害,侵害 v.使抱偏见,损害六级词汇pre- 预先+judice判断social prejudice社会偏见He has a prejudice against all foreigners.他对所有的外国人都有偏见。I will do nothing to the prejudice of my friend in this matter.我在此事上不会伤害我的朋友。preliminarya.预备的,初步的四级词汇pre+limin(threshold)+arya preliminary investigation; 事先调查；a preliminary trial初审, 初试a preliminary exam预考preliminary remarks开场白, 序言premiern.首相,总理四级词汇premisen.前提,房屋连地基v.提论,预述,假定新增on the premise of that.在.前提下going on this premise从这个前提出发Let me premise my argument with a bit of history.让我引述一些史实作为我立论的前提。premiumn.额外费用,奖金,奖赏,保险费新增拉丁语 praemium 报偿=prae- 预先+ emere取premium pay加班工资, 假日工资premium system奖金制度He paid premiums on his life insurance last year.他去年付了人寿保险费。put offer, place, seta premium on奖励; 鼓励; 促进; 重视; 助长preparationn.准备,预备;制剂,制备品四级词汇preparev.准备,预备初中词汇prepositionn.介词四级词汇prescribev.指示,规定;处(方),开(药)四级词汇pre+scribe(to write)prescribe for a patient in a fever给发烧患者开药方prescriptionn.药方,处方六级词汇presencen.出席,到场,存在,在四级词汇presenta.出席的,现在的 n.现在,礼物 v.赠送,提出初中词汇presentlyad.一会儿,不久;现在,目前高中词汇preservev.保护,维持;保存,保藏四级词汇pre- 先 + servare 保存preserve forests保护森林preserve order维护秩序preserve eggs in salt腌蛋You look well preserved.你看起来保养得很好。Ice helps to preserve food.冰有助于保存食物。Fishing is strictly preserved.严禁捕鱼。presidev.(at,over)主持六级词汇pre+sid(sit)+epreside over a meeting主持会议preside at tea招待客人吃茶点The manager presides over the business of this store.经理管理这店业务。presidentn.总统,校长,会长,主席高中词汇pressv.压;压榨;紧迫,催促 n.报刊,通讯社;压榨机四级词汇pressuren.压,压力,压迫,强制,紧迫,困苦,困难高中词汇prestigen.声望,威望,威信六级词汇a professor of high prestige威信高的教授Chinas prestige in the world中国在国际上的威望presumablyad.推测起来,大概六级词汇She is aware of the defficulties.presumably?她对那些困难大概了解了吧?presumev.假定,假设,认为,揣测,滥用,擅自行动六级词汇I presume youre tired after the long ride长途旅行后我想你肯定累了We cannot presume the existence of life on other planets. 我们不能推定其他行星上没有生物。pretendv.假装,假托,借口,(在演戏中)装扮高中词汇pretextn.借口,托词He used his sick as a pretext for not going to school.他以喉痛作为不去学校的借口。prettyad.相当，很a.漂亮的，俊俏的，标致的高中词汇prevailv.(over,against)取胜,占优势;流行,盛行四级词汇Truth will prevail.真理必胜。He is easy to prevail upon with.他是容易说服的。The custom prevails over the whole area.这风俗存在于这整个地区。prevalenta.流行的,普遍的六级词汇Colds are prevalent in the winter.伤风在冬季很普遍。preventv.(from)预防,防止,阻止,制止,妨碍高中词汇previousa.先前的,以前的四级词汇on some day previous to Christmas在圣诞节前的某日His previous attempt was successful.他以前的尝试成功了。You are a little previous in learning English.你在学习英语上有点过急 。previous to (=before)在.之前来自拉丁语praevius=prae先 + via 路preyn.被掠食者,牺牲者,掠食 v.捕食,掠夺,折磨六级词汇Owls prey on mice.猫头鹰捕食老鼠7月29日词根讲座(con-上半部) con-共,同;(程度加强)大纲中所有以con为前缀的单词(也包括仅以con为开头的单词)109个concealv.隐藏,隐瞒,隐蔽四级词汇con+ceal(hide) Should doctors ever lie to benefit their patients - to speed recovery or to conceal the approach of death?(4.5)a concealed enemy隐藏的敌人conceal ones feelings隐藏感情conceal the news from his mother对他母亲隐瞒这个消息concedevt.承认；容许；(比赛结束前)认输；退让 (新增)I concede that you have the right.He finally conceded defeat.他最终承认了失败。conceivev.(of)设想,构思,想象;以为;怀胎,怀有六级词汇conceive a plan to increase profits.构想出一个增加利润的计划Ancient peoples conceived of the earth as flat.古人认为地球是平的concentratev.(on)集中,专心;浓缩 n.浓缩物四级词汇concentrationn.专心，专注；集中，集结；浓度四级词汇conceptn.概念，观念，设想四级词汇concernv.涉及,关系到 v./n.关心 n.(利害)关系四级词汇con+cern(sure)as far as. be concerned关于； 至于； 就.而言have concern about the matter关心此事What concern is it of yours?此事与你有什么关系？concerningprep.关于，论及四级词汇concertn.音乐会,演奏会;一齐,一致初中词汇concessionn.让步，妥协；特许(权)；六级词汇con+cess(stop)+ion mining concession矿山开采（特许）权That is a great concession.这是很大的让步concisea.简明的,简洁的来自拉丁语 concisus concidere com- 强意+caedere. 削掉多余的东西简明的a concise summary 简明的摘要concludev.结束,终止;断定,下结论;缔结,议定高中词汇conclude=con+clude(闭上嘴巴)conclusionn.结论，推论；结尾；缔结，议定高中词汇concretea.具体的,实质性的n.混凝土v.用混凝土修筑四级词汇concrete=con+crete(to grow) Do you have any concrete answers to this problem?condemnv.谴责,指责;判刑,宣告有罪四级词汇con+demn(harm)condemn sb.s behaviour谴责某人的举动condemn sb. to death判某人死刑condensev.(使)冷凝，(使)凝结；浓缩，压缩，简缩四级词汇con+dense(make thick)Steam is condensed to water when it touches a cold surface.水蒸汽触及冷的表面即凝结成水。conditionn.条件，状况，环境 vt.决定；支配；训练初中词汇conductn.行为,品行 v.引导;管理;指挥(乐队);传导四级词汇conductorn.管理者；(汽车)售票员；领队，指挥；导体初中词汇conferv.商讨；授予，颁给(勋衔，学位等)con+fer(bring, carry)conferred a medal on the hero; 授予英雄一枚勋章conferred an honorary degree on her.授予她荣誉学位conferencen.(正式)会议；讨论，商谈四级词汇confessv.供认，承认，坦白，忏悔四级词汇con+fess(speak)confess to having heard about it承认听说过那件事The criminal confessed to the priest.罪犯向神父忏悔。confidencen.(in)信任;信心,自信;秘密,机密四级词汇con+fid(trust, faith)+enceconfidentn.(of,in)确信的,自信的四级词汇confidentiala.秘(机)密的；表示信任的；担任机密工作的六级词汇confidential files机要档案confidential information秘密情报confinevt.限制；使不外出，禁闭n.pl.界限，范围四级词汇con+fin(end, boundary)+ebe confined to(局)限于， (被)限制封闭在This is outside the confines of human knowledge.这超出了人类知识范畴。confirmv.使更坚固,使更坚定;(进一步)证实;确认四级词汇 confirm=com+firm(相互态度坚定)conflictn.战斗,斗争;抵触,冲突 v.(with)抵触,冲突四级词汇con+flict(strike)conformvi.(to)遵守，适应；相似，一致，符合六级词汇con+form(shape)conform to the customs of society遵守社会习俗conform with the regulations遵守规章confrontv.使面临,使遭遇;面对(危险等)六级词汇confront reality正视现实A soldier has to confront danger and death.军人必须勇敢而冷静地面对危险和死亡。My house confronts his.我的家与他的家对门。confusev.使混乱,混淆四级词汇confuse=con+fuse(熔合在一起) I was confused by all the noise.confusionn.困惑，糊涂；混淆；混乱，骚乱四级词汇congratulatev.(on)祝贺,向致贺词高中词汇 celebrate v.庆祝, 祝贺, 表扬, 赞美, 举行congratulationn.(on)祝贺,(pl.)祝贺词高中词汇初中词汇congressn.(代表)大会;(美国等国的)国会,议会四级词汇conjunctionn.接合，连接，联合；连(接)词四级词汇con+junct(join)+ionconnectvt.连接；与联系，接通(电话) vi.连接高中词汇connectionn.(connexion)联系,连接；亲戚，社会关系四级词汇con+nect(bind)conquerv.征服,战胜,占领;克服,破除(坏习惯等)高中词汇con+quer(complain)共同报怨,所以就必须战胜它 We conquered our ememies. I conquered my dislike for mathematics.conquestn.征服，征服地，掠取物四级词汇consciencen.良心,良知四级词汇con+sci(know)+enceconscientiousa.审慎正直的，认真的，本着良心的consciousa.(of)意识到的,自觉的;神志清醒的四级词汇consecutivea.连续的；连贯的；顺序的(新增)con+sec(cut, divide)=utive consecutive numbers 连续数was absent on three consecutive days 接连三天都缺席；consensusn.(意见等的)一致，一致同意，共识con+sens(feel)+usby general consensus根据普遍的意见consentv./n.(to)同意,赞成,答应四级词汇Silence means consent.缄默就是默许。I ought first to have asked your consent.我本应首先取得你的许可。consequencen.结果,后果,影响;重要性四级词汇in consequence因此， 结果in consequence of.的结果， 因为.的缘故， 由于consequentlyad.结果，因此，所以四级词汇conservationn.保存,保护,保守;守恒,不灭四级词汇conservativea.保守的,守旧的 n.保守主义者四级词汇7月30日词根讲义 con-共,同;(程度加强)considerv.考虑，细想；体谅，顾及；认为，把看作高中词汇来自拉丁词 considerare 仔细观察con- 一起 + sidus 星。欧洲古天文学家借观察星辰来考察一个人出生后的命运，由此有“考虑”之意而生）considerablea.相当大(或多)的,可观的;值得考虑的四级词汇consideratea.考虑周到的,体谅的四级词汇considerationn.需要考虑的事,理由;考虑,思考;体谅,照顾四级词汇consistv.(in)在于,存在于;(of)由组成,由构成四级词汇consist=con+sist(to stand) The city of Beijing consist of 10 districts.consistenta.(in)前后一致的；（with）一致，符合四级词汇What you say is not consistent with what you do.你言行不一。consolen.控制台，仪表板；落地柜 vt.安慰，慰问六级词汇(新增)con+sole(alone) console sb for a loss 安慰受到损失的人consolidatev.使加固，使加强；(把.)联为一体，合并六级词汇 con+sol(alone)+idateSeveral small businesses consolidated to form a large powerful company.几家小企业并成一家大型实力雄厚的公司。conspicuousa.显眼的,明显的con+spi(look, see)+cuousconspicuous mistakes明显的错误hang a picture in a conspicuous place把画挂在一个显眼的地方conspiracyn.阴谋，密谋，共谋(新增)con+spir(breathe)+acy a conspiracy to overthrow the Governmentconstanta.固定的，持续的,忠实的 n.常数,恒量四级词汇con+stant(stand)constant complaints没完没了的抱怨at a constant speed以恒速a constant companion忠实的伙伴constituentn.选民；成分，组分a.组成的，构成的六级词汇con+stitu(set up, place)+entthe constituent parts of society社会的组成部分constituent corporation子公司constitute vt.组成，构成，形成；设立，建立，任命六级词汇来自拉丁语 constituere 的过去分词 constitutus 设立，建立。constitute new traffic regulations制定新交通规则constitute sb. chairman指定某人为主席constitutionn.构成,构造,组成(方式),成分;体格;宪法四级词汇constrainvt.限制，约束；克制，抑制(新增)con+strain(tighten坚固) I feel constrained to write and ask for your forgiveness.我不得不写信请你原谅。Cold weather constrained the plants growth.寒冷的天气抑制了植物的生长。As a artist he didnt consider himself constrained by the same rules of social conduct as other people.constrain sb. to do sth.强制（某人）做某事constructv.建设,建造,构造;创立四级词汇con+stuct(build)constructionn.建造，构造；建筑物，结构；释义，解释四级词汇(新增)consultv.请教，向.咨询，找.商量；查阅，查看高中词汇 con+su(follow)+ltconsultantn.会诊医师,顾问医生;顾问consumevt.消耗；吃完，喝光；(with)使着迷；烧毁四级词汇con+sume(take) 来自拉丁语 comsumerecon- 全部 + sumere 拿。原义是全部拿光，引申为消费；消耗consume ones fortune耗尽财产consume whole forests烧掉整片森林He consumed four eggs.他吃掉四个鸡蛋。consumptionn.消费(量),消耗四级词汇household consumption家庭个人消费basic consumption基本消费contactv./n.(使)接触,联系,交往四级词汇 con+tact(touch) I will contact you by telephone.We can learn much by being brought into contact with opposing opinions.通过接触反面意见， 我们可以学到很多东西。containv.包含，容纳；容忍，抑制；可被.除尽四级词汇 con+tain(hold抓住)The album contains many memorable songs.这张唱片中包括许多值得收集的歌曲could hardly contain my curiosity.我简直无法克制我的好奇心containern.容器;集装箱四级词汇contaminatev.弄污,弄脏,毒害,传染,染污a wound contaminated by bacteria受细菌感染的伤口be contaminated by bureaucratism沾染官僚主义作风Flies contaminate food.苍蝇弄脏食品。The waste from this factory contaminates the water in the river.来自这家工厂的废物污染河水。contemplatevt.盘算，计议；周密考虑；注视，凝视(新增)con+templ(try)+ate He contemplated what the future would be like without the children.contemplate visiting Beijing打算访问北京contemporarya.现代的,当代的;同时代的四级词汇con+tempor(time)+arycontemptn.轻视，藐视；受辱，丢脸四级词汇con+tempt(scorn)She lives in contempt.她在屈辱中生活。He refused to answer in contempt of the rules of the court.他藐视法院规章， 拒绝回答。contendv.竞争,斗争;坚决主张六级词汇con+tend(stretch伸展,舒一口气)contend with a person about sth.为某事与某人争论contend with poverty与贫穷做斗争contentn.容量,内容,(pl.)目录 a.(with)满足的四级词汇be content to do sth 甘愿(接不定式) be content with sth 满足contestn.竞争,竞赛,比赛 v.竞争,比赛,争论四级词汇 contest=con+test(考试)共同在一起考试,当然存在竞争contextn.（文章等）前后关系；(事件等发生的)背景六级词汇be apart from the context脱离上下文in the context of在.情况下continentn.大陆,洲高中词汇continuala.不断的,连续的,频繁的四级词汇continuev.继续,连续,延伸高中词汇continuousa.连续的,持续的高中词汇contractn.(承包)合同/契约 v.订合同/契约；使缩小四级词汇contract a marriage.订婚sign a contract签订合同keep a contract遵守履行合同Im under contract to teach here for one year.我按照聘约要在这里教一年书。contributev.(to)贡献,捐助,捐献;投稿四级词汇con+tribu(give)+tecontribute to the Red Cross向红十字会捐献contribute to a literary journal向文学杂志投稿contributionn.贡献；捐款，捐献物；投稿profit contribution毛利public contribution公众捐款contrivevt.谋划，策划；设法做到；设计，想出He contrived to make the matter worse.他图谋使事情恶化。She found it difficult to contrive when prices of everything went up.百物涨价时， 她觉得料理家务很难。controln.(over)控制,支配 v.控制,支配高中词汇controversiala.引起争论的,有争议的a controversial question引起争论的问题controversyn.争论，辩论，争吵六级词汇(新增)The appointment of the new director aroused a lot of controversy.the scientific controversy科学上的论争give rise to much controversy引起许多争论conveniencen.便利,方便;(pl.)便利设备四级词汇convenienta.(to)便利的,方便的四级词汇conventionn.大会,会议;惯例,常规,习俗;公约,协定四级词汇conventionala.惯例的,常规的四级词汇conversationn.会话,谈话四级词汇converselyad.相反地四级词汇conversionn.转变，转换；信仰的改变；四级词汇convertv.变换,转换；改变（信仰等）；兑换（钱）四级词汇con+vert(转变)convert water into ice.将水变成冰convert assets into cash.把资产转化成现金conveyv.运送,搬运,转运;传达,传播四级词汇 convey belt 传送带 I cant convey my feeling in words.我无法用语言来表达自己的感觉.wires that convey electricity.传电的金属线convey， carry， bear， transport， transmitConvey 常常含有持续、有规律地运动或流动的意思：Pipelines convey water. 管道排送水。 这个词还表示作为某物传送或传播的媒介：If youll leave a message, Ill convey it to him. 如果你愿意留下口信，我会转告他的。Carry 适用范围很广，但常常表示运动时支撑着某物：The train carries baggage, mail, and passengers. 火车