Unit13语法：过去分词的用法.ppt

过去分词的用法,过去分词作表语,1.及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子主语是被动关系，表示主语的状态，既表示被动，又表示完成。(1)Thecupisbroken.茶杯破了。2.不及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子主语是主动关系，表示主语的状态，只表示动作的完成。(2)Heisretired.他已退休。,【注意】过去分词表示被动或完成,-ing形式表示主动或进行。有些动词如interest,bore,worry,surprise,frighten等通常用-ed形式来修饰人，用-ing形式来修饰物。(3)ThebookisinterestingandIminterestedinit.,过去分词作定语,作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。及物动词的过去分词作定语，既表被动又表完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表完成。,过去分词用作定语，如果是单个的，常置于其所修饰的名词之前。Wemustadaptourthinkingtothechangedconditions.,2.过去分词短语用作定语时，一般置于其所修饰的名词之后，其意义相当于一个定语从句，但较从句简洁，多用于书面语中。Theconcertgivenbytheirfriendswasasuccess.,3.过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语，前后常有逗号。(1)Themeeting,attendedbyoverfivethousandpeople,welcomedthegreathero.,4.用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物，这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人，但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关。(2)Theboylookedupwithapleasedexpression.男孩带着满意的表情举目而视。,过去分词作状语,过去分词作状语过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作。过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语，此时应注意人称一致。Givenanotherhour,Icanalsoworkoutthisproblem.Seenfromthetopofthehill,thecitylooksmorebeautifultous.,3.过去分词作状语的位置。过去分词可放在主句前作句首状语，后面有逗号与主句隔开；也可放在主句后面，前面有逗号与主句隔开。Hestoodtheresilently,movedtotears.=Movedtotears,hestoodtheresilently.他静静地站在那里，被感动得热泪盈眶。,过去分词作宾语补足语,能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下三类：1.表示感觉或心理状态的动词。如：see,watch,observe,lookat,hear,listento,feel,notice,think等。IheardthesongsunginEnglish.、,2.表示“致使”意义的动词。如：have,make,get,keep,leave等。(1)Illhavemyhaircuttomorrow.(2)Hegothistoothpulledoutyesterday.(3)Dontleavethosethingsundone.【注意】过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。,with宾语过去分词,“with宾语过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。例如：(1)Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishandstiedbehindhisback.（表方式）(2)Withwaterheated,wecanseethesteam.（表条件）,(3)Withthemattersettled,weallwenthome.(表原因）(4)Shestoodinfrontofhim,withhereyesfixedonhisface.（表方式）(5)Hestoodforaninstantwithhishandstillraised.（表方式）,练习,1_time,hewillmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.A.HavinggivenBTogiveC.GivingD.Given2_in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.ABeingfoundedBItwasfoundedCFoundedDFounding,D,C,3Unless_tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.AinvitedBinvitingCbeinginvitedDhavinginvited4_,buthestillcouldntunderstandit.AHehadbeentoldmanytimesBHavingbeentoldmanytimesCToldmanytimesDAlthoughhehadbeentoldmanytimes,A,A,5.Whenfirst_tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.AintroducingBintroducedCintroduceDbeingintroduced6._everywhere,thewolveshadnowhere_themselves.AHunting/hidingBTohunt/tohideCHunted/hidingDHunted/tohide,B,D,7.Thereseemedtobenothing_todobut_forthedoctor.Aleave/sendBleft/tosendCleft/sendDleaving/send,C,作介词but,expect,besides的宾语，前面又有实意动词do时，不定式通常省去to,8.The_morning,thefathercameintothelonelyhouse,_byhisnaughtyboy.,following,followingfollowed,followedC.following,followedD.followed,following,C,9.Mrs.Whitewasgladtoseethenurse_afterhersonandwaspleasedtoseetheboywell_careofinthenursery.,looked;takenlooking;takenC.looked;tookD.looking;taking,B,10.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhi