外研版必修3module5学案

1 / 19 外研版必修 3Module5 学案 必修3module5GreatPeopleandInventionsofAncentchina Book3module5GreatPeopleandGreatInventionsofchina 二、 Reading 1. 三语法定语从句 一 .定语从句及相关术语 1.定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。 2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词 关 系 词 有 关 系 代 词 和 关 系 副 词 。 关 系 代 词 有that,which,who,whom,whose,as 等 ； 关 系 副 词 有where,when,why 等。 关系词常有 3 个作用： 1，引导定语从句。 2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。 二 .关系代词引导的定语从句 指人，在从句中做主语 (1)Theboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromclassone. (2)yesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway. 指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 (1)(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus. 2 / 19 (2) 注意：关系代词 whom在口语和非正式语体中常用 who代替，可省略。 (3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend. 指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 (1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys. (2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday. 指人时，相当于 who或者 whom；指物时，相当于 which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。 (5)Thenumberofthepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityeachyearrisesonemillion. (6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning? 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语 (1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor. (2)Ioncelivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin. whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替 (3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired. (4)Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired. (5)Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow? (6)Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow? 三 .介词 +关系代词引导的定语从句 3 / 19 关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词 +关系代词引导 (1)Theschool(that/which)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous. (2)Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous. (3)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazine(that/which)youaskedfor. (4)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazineforwhichyouasked. (5)We llgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/that/who)wehaveoftentalkedabout. (6)We llgotohearthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked. 注意： 1.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof 等 (1)Thisisthewatchwhich/thatIamlookingfor.(T) (2)ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(F) 2.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用 whom，不可用 who或者 that；指物时用 which，不能用 that；关系代词是所有格时用 whose (1)Themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.(T) (2)Themanwho/thatyoutalkedwithismyfriend.(F) (3)Theplaneinwhichweflewtocanadaisverycomfortable.(4 / 19 T) (4)Theplaneinthatweflewintocanadaisverycomfortable.(F) 3.“ 介词 + 关系代词 ” 前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few 等代词或者数词 (1)Helovedhisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim. (2)Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad. (3)Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities. 四关系副词引导的定语从句 指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语 (1)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool. (2)Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame. 指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语 (1)ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn. (2)ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown. 指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语 (1)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane. (2)Idon tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday. 5 / 19 注意：关系副词引导的从句可 以由 “ 介词 +关系代词 ” 引导的从句替换 (1)Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear, (2)Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup. (3)Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecityinwhich./whereIwasborn. 五限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句非限制 性定语从句 形式上不用逗号和主句隔开用逗号和主句隔开 意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，不能删除是对先行词的补充说明，删除后意思仍完整 译法上翻译成先行词的定语， “ 的 ” 通常翻译成主句的并列句 关系词的使用上 A做宾语时可省略 B。可用 that c可用 who代替 whomA不可省 B。不用 that c。不用 who代替 whom 限制性定语从句举例： (1)TheteachertoldmethatTomwastheonlypersonthatIcoulddependon. (2)chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory. 6 / 19 非限制性定语从句举例： (1)Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim. (2)china,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful. 要注意区分以下几个句子的不同 (1)Hisbrotherwhoisnowadoctoralwaysencourageshimtogotocollege. 他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。（他还 有其他的哥哥） (2)Hisbrother,whoisnowadoctor,alwaysencourageshimtogotocollege. 他的哥哥是当医生的，常鼓励他要考上大学。（他只有一个哥哥） 难点分析 （一）限制性定语从句只能用 that 的几种情况 1当先行词是 anything,everything,nothing(something除外 ),few,all,none,little,some 等代词时，或者是由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much 等修饰 时 (1)? (2)Thereseemstobenothingthatseemsimpossibleforhimintheworld. (3)Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone. 7 / 19 (4)ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou. 注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用 who (4)Anymanthat/.whohasasenseofdutywon tdosuchathing. 2.当先行词被序数词修饰 (1)ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen. 3. 当 先 行 词 被 形 容 词 最 高 级 修 饰 时(1)ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen. 4.当形容词被 thevery,theonly 修饰时 (1)ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy, (2)Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowned. 当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用 who (3)WangHuaistheonlypersoninourschoolwhowillattendthemeeting/ 5.当先行词前面有 who,which 等疑问代词时 (1)Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere? (2)WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost? 6.当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时 (1)canyourememberthescientistandhistheorythatwehavelearned? （二）关系代词 as和 which引导的定语从句 as 和 which 引导非限制性定 语从句，有相同之处也有不同8 / 19 之处。具体情况是： 1 As和 which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。 (1)Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural. (2)Hewashonest,as/whichwecansee.新课标第一网 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句； which 引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外， as有 “ 正如 ，正像 ” 的意思 (1)Asisknowntoall,chinaisadevelopingcountry. (2)Heisfromthesouth,aswecanseefromhisaccent. (3)john,asyouknow,isafamouswriter. (4)HehasbeentoParismorethanseveraltimes,whichIdontbelieve. 注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用 which (5)Tomwasalwayslateforschool,whichmadehisteacherangry. 3.当先行次受 such,thesame 修饰时，常用 as (1)Ihaveneverheardsuchastoryashetells. (2)Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks. (3)ThisisthesamebookasIlostlastweek. 注意：当先行次由 thesame 修饰时，偶尔也用 that 引导定9 / 19 语从句，但是和由 as所引导的定语从句意思不同 (4)Sheworethesamedressthatsheworeatmary swedding.她穿着她在 mARy婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。 (5)Sheworethesamedressasheryoungsisterwore.她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。 （三）以 theway为先行词的定语从句通常由 inwhich,that引导，而且通常可以省略。 (1)Thewayinwhich/that/./heansweredthequestionwassurprising. (四 )but有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句 (1)Thereareveryfewbutunderstandhisidea.(but=whodont) (五 )区分定语从句和同 位语从句 1定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系 (1)TheplanethathasjusttakenoffisforLondon.定语从句 (2)Thefactthathehasbeendeadisclear.同位于从句 2定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在句中充当成分，有时可以省略；同位语从句主要由 that 引导，在 句 中 一 般 不 做 成 分 ； 句 子 也 可 以 由when,where,how,why,whether,what 等词引导，充当成分 (1)Thenewshetoldmeistrue. 10 / 19 (2)Thenewsthathehasjustdiedistrue. (3)Theproblemthatwearefacingnowishowwecancollectsomuchmoney.定语 (4)Theproblemhowwecancollectsomuchmoneyisdifficulttosolve. 3.同位语从句和先行词一般可以用 be 动词发展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可以 (1)Theideathatwecouldasktheteacherforadviceiswonderful.同位语 (2)Theideawasthatwecouldasktheteacherforadvice. (3)Thefactthattheearthmovesaroundtheearthisknowntoall. (4)Thefactisthattheearthmovesaroundtheearth. 语法练习；新课标第一网 高考定语从句考试题及答案 tlike_youspeaktoher.(1996 上海 ) _intheforest.(1997 上海 ) ,_personallyIdoubtverymuch.(99) 4._ismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsins11 / 19 eniorschoolsisincreasing. ,_ofcoursemadethingsevenworse. ,_,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy. ,_wasveryreasonable. ,_wehadn texpected. “Titanic”,_leadingactorisworld -famous? dbeenworkingintheofficeforanhour,_wastrue. _Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfarawayvillage. (2001NmET) 12._isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth. (2001NmET) _awinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears. (2002上海春季 ) 12 / 19 sgothimselfintoadangeroussituation_heislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane. (2001上海 ) _atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork? (2002) ,_triedtomakeacomeback,attractedalotofattention. (2002北京春季 ) ,_Iwillalwaystreasure. (2002NmET) :schools,museumsandsomeotherplaces,_othervisitorsseldomgo. (2002北京 ) _manythingsaredoneoncomputer. (XX北京春 ) 20._hasbeenannounced,weshallhaveourfinalexamsnextmonth. (XX上海春 ) 21.Georgeorwell,_wasEricArthur,wrotemanypoliticalnovelsandessays.（ XX北京） 22._isreportedinthenewspaper,talksbetweenthetw13 / 19 ocountriesaremakingprogress. ,_,ofcourse,madetheothersenvyhim.（ XX天津） _youneedisahammerandsomenails.（ XX天津） 25._isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.（ XX江苏） ,thatevening,_I lltellyoumoreaboutlater,IendedupstayingatRachel splace.（ XX浙江） ,_thesailingtimewas226days.（ XX广西） _almosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance.（ XX湖南） _time_Ihatedtogotoschool.（ XX 湖北） A a;thatB a;whenc the;thatD the;when ,_standsnearlyahundredfeethigh.（ XX 湖北） A thelargerB thelargerofthemc thelargeronethatD14 / 19 thelargerofwhich _hesaidit.（ XX湖北） A thewayB inthewaythatc inthewayD thewaywhich ,80%_aresoldabroad.（ XX辽宁） A ofwhichB whichofc ofthemD ofthat _theycantalkfrequently.（ XX上海） _mystudentsactedattheNewyear spartywasagreatsuccess.（ XX全国 I） _shehadwipedherhands.（ XX 全国 II） ,_thesailingtimewas226days.（ XX 全国 III） ,_fivearemine.（ XX全国 IV） ,we dbroughtaroadmapwithout_wewouldhavelostourway.（ XX北京春） A itB thatc thisD which _,justasthenamesuggests,eatingisperformedquickly.（ XX上海春） 15 / 19 40._isreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.（ XX北京） ,_somearebusinessmen.（ XX全国卷一二） A ofthemB fromwhichc whoofD ofwhom 42. Whydoesshealwaysaskyouforhelp? Thereisnooneelse_,isthere?（ XX北京） _womencanparktheirmen,womenwillspendmoretimeintheshop.（ XX 上海） ,partofSoutheastAsiawasstuckbyfloods,from_effectsthepeoplearestillsuffering.（ XX天津） ,_hestudiedveryhardandwasmadechairmanoftheStudents Union.（ XX重庆） A duringwhichtimeB forwhichtimec duringwhosetimeD bythattime ,_shewantedtobe.（ XX 湖北） 16 / 19 sdreamwastohavehisownshop_toproducetheworkingsofhisownhands.（ XX湖南） A thatB inwhichc bywhichD how ejobs_theyarebeingtrained.（ XX江西） A inthatB forthatc inwhichD forwhich _wewereusedto.（ XX江西） A inwhichB inwhatc fromwhatD fromwhich ,_Tomandjimweretyingabigsignontooneofthetrees.（ XX） A whichB whenc whereD that 51. Didjackcomebackearlylastnight?（ XX福建） clock_hearrivedhome. A beforeB whenc thatD until 52. Isthatthesmalltownyouoftenreferto?（ XX福建） Right,justtheone_youknowIusedtoworkforyears. A thatB whichc whereD what ,_hewentontocambridge.（ XX山东） ,_surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.(XX 浙江 ) 55._Iexplainedonthephone,yourrequestwillbec17 / 19 onsideredatthenextmorning.(XX) _thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe_thecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest.（ XX江苏） ;inwhich emberedthescenes_peoplewereeatenbythetiger.（ XX广东） _wevisitedthreemonthsago?(XX 北京