锦程教育艺术类专用高考英语复习讲义-定语从句.ppt

定语从句,（一）定义及相关术语,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。,1.定语从句：,什么叫定语，什么叫定语从句？,用来修饰名词和代词的部分叫定语,她是个女孩她是个美丽的女孩Sheisagirl.SheisabeautifulgirlSheisagirlwhoisverybeautiful,具有定语功能，替代原来单一的词和词组的句子叫定语从句,被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,先行词和引导词,引导定语从句的词叫引导词,Sheisagirlwhoisverybeautiful.Thisistheplacewherewemeteachother.,定语从句例句解析：,(1)ThegirlwhoisstandingthereisMary.ThegirlisMary.(who,that指人，在从句中作主语）,(2)Themanwhommymothersawinthestreetismyteacher.Themanismyteacher.(whom,that指人，在从句中作宾语，也可省略),(3)Thebookwhich/thattellsusabouttheearthisinteresting.(which,that指物，在从句中作主语,不可省略),Afootballfanis_hasastronginterestinfootball.,A.athingthatB.somethingthatC.apersonwhoD.what,C,Heoftenhelpsthestudents_hethinksarenotquickattheirstudies.,A.whomB.whoC.whenD.because,B,Theplace_interestedmemostwastheChildrensPalace.,whichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich,A,(4)Thebuilding(which/that)hereferredtoisbeautiful.(which,that指物，在从句中作宾语，可省略）,(5)Shelivesinahousewhosewindowsfacesouth.(whose指物，在从句中作windows的定语）,(6)ThecompanywillemployapersonwhoseEnglishisgood.(whose在从句中指人，作定语),Whose即可指人，也可指物，是所有格，在从句中作定语，指物时可与ofwhich互换。Thisisthebookwhosecover/thecoverofwhich/ofwhichthecoverisblue.,Wevisitedthefactory_makestoysforchildren.,A.whereB.whichC.inwhichD.atwhich,B,Wearelivinginanagemanythingsaredoneoncomputer.,A.whichB.thatC.whoseD.when,D,Achild_parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.,A.whoB.whosC.whoseD.which,C,(7)IllneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedthearmy.,(when指时间，在从句中做时间状语),(8)Iwontforgetthefactorywheremyfatherworked.,(where指地点，在从句中作地点状语),(9)Tellmethereasonwhyyoucamelate.,(why表示原因，在从句中作原因状语),Doyouknowthereasonhedidntcome?,A.thatB.whichC.forD.why,D,WearegoingtospendtheSpringfestivalinGuangzhou,_livemygrandparentsandsomerelatives.,A.whichB.thatC.whoD.where,D,当先行词为all,much,little,few,none,something,anything,everything,nothing等不定代词时，如：,a.Allthatcanbedoneisdone.,b.Iamsureshehassomething(that)youcanborrow.,c.Thereislittle(that)theenemycandobesidessurrender.,注意几点：1.that指物时一般可以与which互换，但在下列情况中只能用that:,Theyaskedhimtotellthemeverything_hesawatthefront.,A.whatB.thatC.whichD.where,B,Illtellyou_hetoldmelastnight.,A.allwhichB.allwhatC.thatallD.all,D,先行词被all,much,littlefew,every,no,some,any修饰时：,Ivereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.,注意几点：1.that指物时一般可以与which互换，但在下列情况中只能用that:,先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。,a.Thisisthefirstcomposition(that)hehaswritteninEnglish.,b.Itsthebestnovel(that)Ihaveeverread.,注意几点：1.that指物时一般可以与which互换，但在下列情况中只能用that:,Alltheapples_felldownwereeatenbythepigs.,A.thatB.thoseC.whichD.what,A,Itsthethirdtime_latethismonth.,A.thatyouarrivedB.whenyouarrivedC.thatyouvearrivedD.whenyouvearrived,C,Thisisthebiggestlibrary_wehaveeverbuiltinouruniversity.,A.whichB.WhereC.thatD.one,C,先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast修饰时,a.Thatwhitefloweristheonlyone(that)Ireallylike.,b.Thisistheverybook(that)Iwanttofind.,注意几点：1.that指物时一般可以与which互换，但在下列情况中只能用that:,先行词是疑问词who,which,what时，定语从句用that而不用who,(whom)和which引导。,a.Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate?,b.Whichofusthatknowssomethingaboutphysicsdoesnotknowthis?,c.Whatthatisonthetablebelongstome?,注意几点：1.that指物时一般可以与which互换，但在下列情况中只能用that:,ThisistheveryfilmIvelongwishedtosee.,A.WhichB.thatC.whoD.whom,B,WhoisthepersonisstandingatthegateofBeijingTourismTower?,A.WhoB.thatC.whichD.whom,B,当先行词既有人又有物时，定语从句要用that而不用who(whom)和which引导。如,Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathehadvisited.,注意几点：1.that指物时一般可以与which互换，但在下列情况中只能用that:,当先行词在定语从句中作表语时：,Maryisnolongerthegirl(that)sheusedtobe.,Chinaisnolongerthecountry(that)itusedtobe.,注意几点：1.that指物时一般可以与which互换，但在下列情况中只能用that:,Theytalkedforaboutanhourofthingsandpersons_theyrememberedintheschool.,A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whom,B,限制性定语从句对先行词起限制、确定的作用，是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省去，主句的意思就会不完整或不合逻辑。这种定语从句和主句之间不能用逗号隔开。,非限制性定语从句和先行词关系松散，只是对先行词作附加说明，如果省去，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚.从句和主句之间须用逗号隔开。如：,注意几点：2.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句:,a.AbrahamLincoln,wholedtheUnitedStatesthroughtheseyears,wasmurderedonApril14,1865.b.Helivesinanothertown,whichisonlyaboutanhoursridefromhere.c.Soontheyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontofwhichsatasmallboy.d.Theysetupaseparatestateoftheirown,wheretheywouldbefreetokeepNegroesasslaves.,注意：引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可用that，指人时用who(主语),whom(宾语)，指物时须用which.作宾语时不能省略。,引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时。如：,a.Brucewenttowardthefire,whichwasstillsmoking.,b.Hecamelateagain,whichmadetheteacherangry.,注意几点：3.只能用which不能用that的情况:,先行词在从句中作介词的宾语且介词前置。如：,ThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunlived.,如果介词后置：Thisisthehousewhich/thatLuXunlivedin.或是ThisisthehousewhereLuXunlived.,注意几点：3.只能用which不能用that的情况:,Luckily,wedbroughtaroadmapwithout_wewouldhavelostourway.,AitBthatCthisDwhich,D,Thedayonwhich/whenImethimfirstwasMay1st.,Theyearinwhich/whenIcameherewas1998.,Thereasonwhy/forwhichhewaslatewasthathegotuplate.,注意几点：4.关系副词when,where,why其含义相当于onwhich,inwhich,forwhich，所以可以交替使用。如：,Theroominwhichhelivesfacessouth.which/thathelivesinwherehelives,注意几点：5.以theway等为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由inwhich或that引导，而且通常可以省略。,a.Thisistheway(that/inwhich)hedidit.b.Iliketheway(that/inwhich)youteachmeEnglish.c.Ithinktheway(that/inwhich)youdealwiththeproblemisright.,Idontlike_youspeaktoher.,A.thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich,A,Idontliketheway_youspeaktoyourmother.,A./B.inthatC.whichD.ofwhich,A,as和which引导非限制性定语从句时，其用法有相同之处，也有不同之处。具体情况是,(1).as和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。,注意几点：6.关系代词as和which引导的定语从句,Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.,Heishonest,as/whichwecansee.,(2).as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句。which引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，as常常有“正如、正像”的含义。,Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.,注意几点：6.关系代词as和which引导的定语从句,Heisfromthesouth,aswecanknowfromhisaccent.,Heishonest,as/whichwecansee.,John,asyouknow,isafamouswriter.,ZhangHuahasbeentoParismorethantentimes,whichIdontbelieve.,Theysaidthatthehosthadenoughglassesforeachguest,_werehandeddownfromhisgrandfather.,A.whoB.thatC.whichD.whose,C,Mr.Wu,_everybodylikes,isgoingtogiveusatalkonchemistry.,A.whomB.thatC.whichD./,A,HemustbefromAfrica,_canbeseenfromhisskin.,A.thatB.asC.whoD.what,B,_youknow,heisafamousmusician.,A.AsB.whichC.ThatD.,A,_,thecompasswasfirstmadeinChina.,A.ItisknowtoallB.ItisknownthatC.WeallknowD.Asisknowntoall,D,练习题,1.All_isusefultousisgood.,A.whichB.whatC.thatD.whether,C,2.Isthisfactory_wevisitedlastweek?,A.whereB.thatC.whichD.theone,D,3.Shewillneverforgettheday_shespentinBeijing.,A.whenB.whatC.whichD.why,C,4.Thisistheschool_myfatherworked20yearsago.,A.ThatB.WhenC.WhichD.where,D,5.Thisistheveryfactory_wevisitedlastyear.,A.thatB.whichC.whatD.theone,A,6.Thetextisoneofthemostinterestingstories_learntinthepastthreedays.,A.thathaveB.thathavebeenC.whichhasD.whichhasbeen,B,7.Thecollegewonttakeanyone_eyesightisweak.,A.whoB.whoseC.ofwhomD.which,B,8.Letmethinkofapropersituation_thissentencecanbeused.,A.whereB.thatC.ofwhomD.which,A,9.Theman_youaretalkingisinthenextroom.,A.towhomB.aboutwhomC.aboutwhoD.whom,B,10.Thisisthelastfactory_heusedtoworkat,manyworkersof_stillhaveagoodrelationshipwithhim.,A.that;itB.which;whomC.that;whichD.which;that,C,11.Those_totakepartint