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1英国：(根据新大纲，删除了Chapter6和Chapter8的内容，即下面的51-60题，71-80题)1.WhatisthefullnameoftheUnitedKingdom?ItistheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.2.WhatarethetwolargeislandthatmakeuptheBritishIsles?TheyareGreatBritainandIreland.3.WhatarethefourpoliticaldivisionsoftheUnitedKingdom?TheyareEngland,Scotland,WalesandNorthernIreland.4.WhydoestheUnitedKingdomhaveamildclimate,eventhoughitliesfarthernorththanourHeilongjiangProvince?BecauseBritainsclimateisinfluencedbytheGulfStream.5.HowmanymetropolitanareasdoesEnglandhave?Englandhassevenmetropolitanareas.6.WhatisthebackboneofEngland?ItisthePennines.7.WhatisthelargestlakeintheBritishIsles?ItisLoughNeagh.8.FromwhatlanguagesisEnglishderived?EnglandismainlyderivedfromtheAnglo-SaxonandNorman-Frenchlanguages.9.Whatisaneisteddfod?AneisteddfodisaWelshfestivalofpoetry,musicandotherarts.10.WhathavetheScottishpeoplebeenfamousfor?TheScottishpeoplehavebeenfamousfortheirclose-knitclans,colorfulplaidkilts,andskillasfiercewarriors.11.HowlongwasBritainundertheRomanoccupation?BritainwasundertheRomanoccupationfornearly400years.12.WhywastheRomanimpactupontheBritonssurprisinglylimited?TheRomanimpactontheBritonswassurprisinglylimitedbecausetheRomansalwaystreatedtheBritonsasasubjectpeopleofslaveclassandtheyneverintermarriedwiththenativeBritons.13.WhendidtheAnglo-SaxonsbegintosettleinBritain?TheAnglo-SaxonsbegantosettleinBritaininthe5thcentury.14.WhendidEnglandbegintobeChristianized?EnglandbegantobeChristianizedin579.215.WhatwastheresultoftheSynodofWhitbyinYorkshirein664?TheresultoftheSynodofWhitbywasthattheRomanmissionariesgainedtheupperhandovertheCelticmissionaries.16.WhatwasHarolddoingwhenhewasinformedoftheinvasionofNorthumbriabyTostigandHaroldHardrada?HewasinthesouthpreparingtoresisttheexpectedattackfromNormandy.17.WheredidHarolddefeatTostigandHardrada?HarolddefeatedTostigandHaroldHardradaatStanfordBridge.18.BywhomwasWilliamcrownedKingofEnglandinWestminsterAbbey?WilliamwascrownedKingofEnglandinWestminsterAbbeybytheArchbishopofYork.19.WhatdidWilliamdoafterhesuppressedtheSaxonrisingsinthenorth?Hebuiltastringofdefensecastlestoensurehismilitarycontrolofthewholecountry.20.WastheNormanConquestthelastsuccessfulinvasionofEngland?Yes.TheNormanConquestwasthelastsuccessfulinvasionofEnglandbecauseEnglandhasneverbeeninvadedsince.21.WhydidWilliamIgivehisbaronslargeestatesinEngland?WilliamIgavelargeestatestohisbaronsbecausehewantedtogetapromiseofmilitaryserviceandaproportionofthelandsproduce.22.WhatwasthepeculiarfeatureofthefeudalsystemofEngland?Alllandowners,bigandsmall,tooktheoathofallegianceforthelandtheyheld,notonlytotheirimmediatelord,butalsototheking.23.WhydidWilliamIhavetheDomesdayBookcompiled?WilliamIhadtheDomesdayBookcompiledbecausehewantedtohaveareliablerecordofallhisland,histenantsandtheirpossessionsandtodiscoverhowmuchhistenantscouldbeaskedtopaybywayoftaxes.24.WhatwasWilliamIspolicytowardsthechurch?Hewantedtokeepitcompletelyunderhiscontrol,butatthesametimetoupholditspower.25.WhydidHenryIImakeThomasBecketArchbishopofCanterbury?HethoughtthatThomasBecketwouldassisthimincarryingoutlegalreforms.26.WhatbroughtHenryIIintocollisionwithThomasBecket,theArchbishopofCanterbury?TheexceptionalprivilegesenjoyedbytheclergybroughtHenryIIintocollisionwithThomasBecket.327.WhatarethetwoaspectsoftheNormanlegacythatcontributedtogreatdomesticunrestinEnglandinthe12thand13thcenturies?OnewasEnglandspossessionofterritoryinFrance.TheotherwasNormanadherencetoRomanCatholicism.28.WhowastheFrenchnationalheroineduringtheHundredYearsWarwhohelpedtheFrenchtodrivetheEnglishoutofFrance?JoanofArc.29.Whendidthegovernmentestablishrulesforthefirsttimetokeepdownwages?Thegovernmentestablishedrulesforthefirsttimetokeepdownwagesin1351.30.HowmanypeasantinKentandEssexwerekilledbyRichardIIstroops?40,000peasantsinKentandEssexwerekilledbyRichardIIstroops.31.WhatweretheemblemsoftheHousesofYorkandLancaster?TheemblemoftheHouseofYorkwasawhiteroseandtheemblemoftheHouseofLancasterwasaredrose.32.WhatwastheimpactoftheWarsoftheRosesonfeudalisminEngland?TheWarsoftheRosesdealtadeathblowtofeudalisminEngland.33.HowdidElizabethItrytoavoidtroublingParliamenttoooftenforpounds?ShetriedtoavoidtroublingParliamentbymakingstricteconomiesatCourt.34.WhatquestionsdidElizabethItreataspersonalandprivate?Thesequestionswereherreligion,hermarriage,herforeignpolicy,thesuccessiontothethrone,andherfinance.35.HowdidElizabethImanagetomaintaininfriendlyrelationshipwithFrance?ShemanagedtomaintainafriendlyrelationshipwithFrancethroughhermarriageallianceswhichwerenevermaterialized.36.WhenwasMaryQueenofScotsexecuted?MaryQueenofScotswasexecutedin1587.37.WhatdidthedestructionoftheSpanishArmadashow?ItshowedEnglandssuperiorityasanavalpower.38.Whatwasthelong-termresultoftheGunpowderPlot?Thelong-termresultoftheGunpowderPlothasbeenanannualcelebrationofNovember5,whenabonfireislittoburnaguyandafireworkdisplayisarranged.39.WhatwasPuritanismnotedfor?Itwasnotedforsimpledress,highmoralstandardsandveryegalitarianattitudes.440.Whatisaconstitutionalmonarchy?AconstitutionalmonarchyisonewhosepowerislimitedbyParliament.41.WhatdidtheWhigsstandforintheearly19thcentury?TheystoodforareductioninCrownpatronage,sympathytowardsNonconformists,andcarefortheinterestsofmerchantsandbankers.42.Whydidchangesinfarmingmethodsaffectlivesofmillionsinthe18thcentury?Changesinfarmingmethodsaffectedlivesofmillionsinthe18thcenturyEnglandbecausevillageandagriculturewerethebackboneofEnglandatthattime.43.Whatdidthelandownerswanttodointhelate18thandearly19thcenturies?Theywantedtoreplacethesmallfarmscultivatedonthe“open-field”systembylarger,economicallymoreefficientfarmswithhedge-dividedfields.44.WhywasKingGeorgeIIInicknamed“FarmerGeorge”?KingGeorgeIIIwasnicknamed“FarmerGeorge”becausehewasveryenthusiasticaboutagriculturalchangesatWinsor.45.WhatwerethetwoeventswhichmostalarmedtheBritishrulingclassesintheclosingdecadesofthe18thcentury?TheyweretheAmericanWarofIndependenceandtheFrenchRevolution.46.WhendidtheBritishbegintotransportconvictstoAustralia?TheBritishbegantotransportconvictstoAustraliain1788.47.Whatwastheresultofthegeneralstrikeof1926?Thestrikefailed.Theminerswereforcedtoreturntoworkwithlongerhoursandlowerwageseventhanbefore.Yet,outsidetheminingdistrict,thestrikeseemedtohaveimprovedrelationsbetweentheworkersandthemiddleclasses.48.WhydidEdwardVIIIabdicatein1936afterareignof10months?EdwardVIIIabdicatedbecausehewantedtomarryWallisSimpson,atwice-divorcedAmerican.49.WhendidBritainfinallybecomeafullmemberoftheEuropeanEconomicCommunity?BritainfinallybecameafullmemberoftheEuropeanEconomicCommunityinJanuary,1973.50.WhywasMrs.Thatcherremovedfromofficein1990?ItwasbecauseofheroppositiontoEuropeanUnionandherimpositionofanextremelyunpopularflat-rate“polltax”inplaceofpropertytaxestopayorlocalgovernmentservice.61.WheredoestheSovereignscoronationtakeplace?TheSovereignscoronationtakesplaceatWestminsterAbbeyinLondon.562.WhenistheSovereignsbirthdayofficiallycelebrated?ItisofficiallycelebratedinJuneeveryyear.63.WhatdoestheDukeofEdinburghdowhentheQueenpaysstatevisitstoforeigngovernments?Heaccompaniesher.64.WheredoestheQueensexpenditurearisingfrompublicdutiescomefrom?TheQueensexpenditurearisingfrompublicdutiescomesfromtheCivilListandgovernmentdepartments.65.Whatdoestheterm“parliament”originallymean?Theterm“parliament”originallymeansameetingforaparleyordiscussion.66.WhatisthemainfunctionoftheHouseofLords?ThemainfunctionoftheHouseofLordsistobringthewideexperienceofitsmembersintotheprocessoflaw-making.67.WhatistheSpeakerstaskintheHouseofCommons?HistaskistopresideovertheHouseandenforcetherulesoforder.68.HowmanycountiesarethereinEnglandandWales?Thereare53countiesinEnglandandWales.69.Whatarethethreeislandareaswheresingle-tierauthoritieswereintroducedinScotland?TheyaretheOrkneys,theShetlandsandtheWesternIsles.70.HowdolocalauthoritiesinGreatBritainraiserevenue?Theyraiserevenuethroughthecounciltax.81.AreBritishpeopleobligedtousetheNationalHealthService?No.Theyarenotobligedtousetheservice.82.Whatareservicesforelderlypeopleaimedat?Servicesforelderlypeopleareaimedathelpingthemliveathomewheneverpossible.83.Whatistheaimofthesocialsecuritysystem?Theaimofthesocialsecurityistosecureabasicstandardoflivingforpeopleinfinancialneed.84.Atwhatagedomenandwomengenerallyretire?Mengenerallyretireattheageof65,andwomenattheateof60.85.WhatarethetwoestablishedchurchesinBritain?TheyaretheChurchofEnglandinEnglandandtheChurchofScotlandinScotland.86.HowmanyprovincesdoestheChurchofEnglandhave?6TheChurchofEnglandhastwoprovinces:CanterburyandYork.87.WhenwerethefirstwomenpriestsordainedinBritain?TheywereordainedinMarch1994.88.WhofoundedtheSalvationArmyintheEastofLondonin1865?WilliamBooth,agreatfollowerofJohnWesley,foundedtheSalvationArmy.89.WheredothepeopleinLondongotoseetheChristmasdecorations?TheygotoOxfordStreet,RegentStreetandPiccadillytoseetheChristmasdecorations.90.WhyisDecember26thcalled“BoxingDay”?December26thiscalledBoxingDaybecauseitwasformerlythecustomtogive“Christmasboxes”,orgiftsofmoney,toservantsandtradesmenonthisday.91.HowmanykindsofstatesecondaryschoolsarethereinGreatBritain?Three.Theyaregrammarschool,secondarymodernschoolandcomprehensiveschool.92.WhenwastheOpenUniversityfounded?Whendiditbeginitsfirstcourses?Itwasfoundedin1969,anditbeganitsfirstcoursesin1970.93.WhyistheOpenUniversitysonamed?Itissonamedbecauseitis“open”toalltobecomestudents.94.HowmuchmoneyisspentonpressadvertisingeveryyearinGreatBritain?About5,100million.95.HowmuchtimedoBritishpeoplespendadaywatchingtelevision?Peoplespendanaverageofoverthreeandahalfhoursadaywatchingtelevision.96.Howarethestate-runtelevisionchannelsBBC1andBBC2financed?Theyarefinancedfromthesaleoftelevisionlicences.97.HowareindependentchannelsITVandC4funded?Theyarefundedentirelybyadvertising.98.WhendidtheBBCbegintoprovideregulartelevisionbroadcasts?TheBBCbegantoprovideregulartelevisionbroadcastsin1936.99.WhichsportisregardedastypicallyEnglish?CricketisthemosttypicallyEnglishsport.100.Whatisa“copyright”library?ItisalibrarywhichisentitledtoreceiveafreecopyofeverybookpublishedintheUnited7Kingdom.美国（根据新大纲，删除了chapter13的内容，即下面Part1中的1-10题。）Part1（Chapter14-15）11.WhatisthepopulationoftheUnitedStates?Howdoesitrankintheworld?TheUnitedStatesisthethirdmostpopulouscountryintheworldafterChinaandIndia,withapopulationof267million(estimated)inApril1997.12.WhatisthereasonforthegrowthofpopulationinFlorida?ItisbecauseofitswarmclimateandconvenienceindoingbusinesswithandtravelingtoCentralandSouthAmerica.13.Whicharethefivebiggestcities,intermsofpopulation,intheUnitedStates?NewYork,LosAngeles,Chicago,SanFrancisco,Philadelphia.14.WhyarepeoplemovingsooftenintheUnitedStates?Peopleoftenmovefromoneplacetoanotherforvariousreasons:tolookforbetterjobopportunityorforbetterclimateorforothergoals.15.Whataresomeoftheconsequencesoftheoutflowofcityresidentstothesuburbs?Themovementbringsseriousconsequencestobigcities:risingunemploymentrate,theincreaseofthenumberofpoorpeople,theworseningofcitylivingconditionsandthefallofgovernmentrevenues.16.WhicharethethreelargestgroupsofHispanics?TheChicanos,thePuertoRicansandtheCuban-Americans.17.WhydomanyPuertoRicansgototheUnitedStates?TheyaredrawntotheUnitedStatesbybetterjobopportunities.18.WhatexplanationdoexpertsgiveforthesuccessofAsian-Americans?TheexpertsattributethesuccesstoAsianculturaltradition:emphasisoneducation,hardworkandfamily.19.WhatwasthefateofJapanese-AmericansinWWII?TheJapanese-Americansweretakentorelocationcentersinisolatedpartsofthewesternmountainandplainsstatesandstayedbehindbarbedwires.20.CanyougiveanexampletoshowtheawakeningofAmericanIndians?ManyIndiansaretakinglegalstepstodemandcompensationforlandandresourcesgrabbedfromthemillegally.21.WhatisoneoftheexplanationsofhowtheearlyIndianscametotheAmericans?OneoftheexplanationsistheIndianscrossedfromAsiaonthelandbridgethatconnectedSiberia8andAlaska.22.HowdidthePlymouthsettlersmanagetosurvive?TheneighboringIndianscametoteachthemhowtogrowcornandtheysucceededinhavingagoodharvest.23.InwhatwaywerethePuritansdifferentfromthePilgrims?ThePilgrimsweremostlypoor,labouringpeoplewhilethePuritanswerewealthy,well-educatedgentlemen.24.DidtheWarofIndependencestartwiththeadoptionoftheDeclarationofIndependence?No.ItstartedwhenclashestookplaceatConcordandLexington.25.WhatwasthechiefweaknessoftheArticlesofConfederation?Thechiefweaknesswasthedocumentfailedtosetupagovernmentthatcouldfunction.26.WhatwasthesignificanceoftheadoptionoftheBillofRights?TheadoptionoftheBillofRightsinadditiontotheConstitutioncompletedthefoundationoftheAmericanconstitutionalsystem.27.WhydidAmericanterritorialexpansionthreatenBritishinterest?BecausesomeAmericanswantedtotakeadvantageofthewarinEuropetoexpandintoCanada.ThisrancountertoBritishinterest.28.WhatwastheCompromiseof1850?TheCompromiseof1850wasanarrangementwhichkeptabalancebetweenfreeandslavestatesintheSenate.29.WhydidtheCivilWarbreakout?TheCivilWarbrokeoutbecausethesouthernstateslefttheUnionandformedanewnationbutpresidentLincolnwasdeterminedtomaintaintheUnion.30.HowdidthegovernmenthelpinthedevelopmentofAmericaneconomy?Thegovernmentcarriedoutthepolicyoftradeprotectionism.Part2（Chapter16-18）1.WhatwerethethreefeaturesinthegrowthofAmericaneconomyatthebeginningofthe20thcentury?Largecorporation,urbanizationandnewtechnologywerethethreefeatures.2.WhatwasthebasicdemandoftheProgressiveMovement?Thebasicdemandwasgovernmentregulationofeconomicandsocialconditions.3.WhydidtheUnitedStatespursueapolicyofpro-AllypartialityintheearlypartofWWI?Becauseofethnicties,culturaltradition,socialbackground,economicinterestsandsuccessful9Britishpropaganda,theU.S.governmentpursuedsuchapolicy.4.WhatweretheimmediatecausesthatledtheUnitedStatesintothewar?TheimmediatecauseswereGermanysunlimitedsubmarinewarfareandGermanysattempttogetMexicointothewaragainsttheUnitedStates.5.Whatgovernmentpoliciesinthe1920shelpedbigb