除冰机器人机构的控制系统设计【6张图纸】【优秀】
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除冰机器人机构的控制系统设计
31页 18000字数+说明书+开题报告+任务书+文献综述+6张CAD图纸
3任务书.doc
5文献综述.doc
伺服电机A2.dwg
外文翻译--现代工业机械手.doc
工作轮系--A3(1).dwg
工况图--A1(1).dwg
装配图--A0(1).dwg
铣刀--A3(1).dwg
除冰器---A4.dwg
除冰机器人机构的控制系统设计开题报告.doc
除冰机器人机构的控制系统设计说明书.doc
1封面.doc
2诚信承诺书.doc
目 录
摘 要1
1 引言1
1.1 问题的提出及研究意义1
1.2 国内外研究现状1
1.3工业机器人的发展史2
1.4导线覆冰的原因3
2 高压输电线路的覆冰4
2.1 不规则覆冰和不同期脱冰4
2.2除冰的方式方法4
2.3输电线路的抗冰5
3 除冰机器人机构7
3.1 除冰机器人种类7
3.1.1 线缆除冰机器人7
3.1.2 可跨跃障碍多分裂机器人8
3.1.3 电力设施的微波除冰装置9
3.2 前端多环铣刀9
3.2.1 成型铣刀的结构参数10
3.2.2 成型铣刀截面的计算13
3.3 机械升降平台14
3.3.1 升降平台的机械结构形式14
3.3.2 升降平台零件设计15
3.4电机的选择17
3.4.1升降步进电机17
3.4.2 回转驱动电机19
4 控制系统的设计21
4.1 机器人的控制系统21
4.2 基于运动卡的控制系统的建立22
4.2.1总体方案的确定22
4.2.2 机器人控制工作原理23
4.3 软件编程语言的特点24
4.4指令系统24
4.5运动控制程序运行过程的简介25
参考文献26
致 谢27
摘 要
如今对输电线路实施除冰是防止冰灾的有效途径,如何具体的除冰方法则应用了除冰机器人,除冰机器人造价低,工作效率高,安全可靠,能够实现在线除冰作业,不影响电力的输送,是一项很有发展前景的课题。目前机器人在高压输电线路上的应用主要是线路巡检。而对线路除冰的应用还鲜有研究。本文对除冰机器人本体设计、越障规划。主要研究内容如下。首先,在分析了输电线路结构和除冰作业要求的基础上,指出现有巡线机器人结构运用到除冰作业中的缺陷,设计了一种除冰机器人本体机构,并对其越障的动作进行了规划。所选的减速器和电机仍能满足要求,从而证明了除冰机器人的合理性,为了保证电力系统的可靠性,提高高压输电线除冰的效率,减少损失,维护工人的安全,开发一种可以替代或部分替代工人进行除冰作业的新型设备一直是国内外相关研究的热点。因此,研制安全有效的除冰机械以代替人进行导线除冰具有较好的应用前景和实用意义。
关键词:除冰机器人;机构设计;电动机;越障规划

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中国地质大学长城学院本科毕业论文外文资料翻译系 别: 工程技术系 专 业:机械设计制造及其自动化姓 名: 学 号: 2012 年 5 月 1 日外文资料翻译译文现代工业机械手机器人是典型的机电一体化装置,它综合运用了机械与精密机械、微电子与计算机、自动控制与驱动、传感器与信息处理以及人工智能等多学科的最新研究成果,随着经济技术的发展和各行各业对自动化程度要求的提高,机器人技术得到了迅速发展,出现了各种各样的机器人产品。现代工业机器人是人类真正的奇迹工程。一个像人那么大的机器人可以轻松地抬起超过一百磅并可以在误差0.006英寸内重复运动。更重要的是这些机器人可以每天24小时不停止地工作。在许多应用中他们是通过编程控制的,但是他们一旦编程一次,他们可以重复地做同一个工作许多年。机器人产品的实用化,既解决了许多单靠人力难以解决的实际问题,又促进了工业自动化的进程。 目前,由于机器人的研制和开发涉及多方面的技术,系统结构复杂,开发和研制的成本普遍较高,在某种程度上限制了该项技术的广泛应用,因此,研制经济型、实用化、高可靠性机器人系统具有广泛的社会现实意义和经济价值。由于我国经济建设和城市化的快速发展,城市污染排水放量增长很快,污水处理已经摆在了人们的议事日程上来。随着科学技术的发展和人类知识水平的提高,人们越来越认识到污水处理的重要性和迫切性,科学家和研究人员发现塑料制品在水中时用于污水处理的很有效地污泥菌群的附着体。塑料制品的大量需求,使得塑料制品生产的自动化和高效率要求成为经济发展的必然。本文结合塑料一次挤出成型机和塑料抓取机械手的研制过程中出现的问题,综述近几年机器人技术研究和发展的状况,在从分发挥机、电、软、硬件各自特点和优势互补的基础上,对物料抓取机械手整体机械结构、传动系统、驱动装置和控制系统进行了分析和设计,提出了一套经济型设计方案。采用直角坐标和关节坐标相结合的框架式机械结构形式,这种方式能够提高系统的稳定性和操作灵活性。传动装置的作用是将驱动元件的动力传递给机器人机械手相应的执行机构,以实现各种必要的运动,传动方式上采用结构紧凑、传动比答得蜗轮蜗杆传动和将旋转运动转换为直线运动的螺旋传动。机械手驱动系统的设计往往受到作业环境条件的限制,同时也要考虑价格因素的影响以及能够达到的技术水平。由于步进电机能都直接接收数字量,响应速度快而且工作可靠并无累计误差,常用作数字控制系统驱动机构的动力元件,因此,在驱动装置中采用由步进电机构成的环控制方式,这种方式技能满足控制精度的要求,又能达到经济型、实用化目的。目前的工业机械臂控制将每一个机械臂的联合看做一个简单的联合伺服。伺服方法不能从分地模仿不同的动力学机械手,因为它忽略了机械手整体的运动和配置。这些控制系统的参数的变化有时是足够重要,以至于使常规的反馈控制方法失效。其结果是减少了伺服相应的速度和阻尼,限制了京都和最终效应的速度,使系统仅适用于有限精度的工作。机械手以这种方式控制速度降低而没有不必要的震动。任何在这一领域和其它领域的机械臂性能增益要求更有效率的动态模型、精密的控制方法、专门的计算机架构和并行处理技术。在工业生产和其它领域内,由于工作的需要,人们经常受到高温、腐蚀及有毒气体等因素的危害,增加了工人的劳动强度,甚至于危及生命。自从机械手问世以来,相应的各种难题迎刃而解。机械手可在空间抓、放、搬运物体,动作灵活多样,适用于可变换生产品种的中、小批量自动化生产,广泛应用于柔性自动线。机械手一般由耐高温,抗腐蚀的材料制成,以适应现场恶劣环境,大大降低了工人的劳动强度,提高了工作效率。机械手是工业机器人的重要组成部分,在很多情况下它就可以称为工业机器人。工业机器人集机械、电子、控制、计算机、传感器、人工智能等多学科先进技术于一体化的现代制造业重要的自动化装备。广泛采用工业机器人,不仅可以提高产品的质量与产量,而且对保障人身安全,改善劳动环境,减轻劳动强度,提高劳动生产率,节约原材料消耗以及降低生产成本,有着十分重要的意义。 外文原文ABOUT MODERN INDUSTRIAL MANIPULATORRobot is a type of mechantronics equipment which synthesizes the last research achievement of engine and precision engine, micro-electronics and computer, automation control and drive, sensor and message dispose and artificial intelligence and so on. With the development of economic and the demand for automation control, robot technology is developed quickly and all types of the robots products are come into being. The practicality use of robot not only solves the problems which are difficult to operate for human being, but also advances the industrial automation program. Modern industrial robots are true marvels of engineering. A robot the size of a person can easily carry a load over one hundred pounds and move it very quickly with a repeatability of 0.006inches. Furthermore these robots can do that 24hours a day for years on end with no failures whatsoever. Though they are reprogrammable, in many applications they are programmed once and then repeat that exact same task for years.At present, the research and development of robot involves several kinds of technology and the robot system configuration is so complex that the cost at large is high which to a certain extent limit the robot abroad use. To development economic practicality and high reliability robot system will be value to robot social application and economy development. With he rapid progress with the control economy and expanding of the modern cities, the let of sewage is increasing quickly; with the development of modern technology and the enhancement of consciousness about environment reserve, more and more people realized the importance and urgent of sewage disposal. Active bacteria method is an effective technique for sewage disposal. The abundance requirement for lacunaris plastic makes it is a consequent for plastic producing with automation and high productivity. Therefore, it is very necessary to design a manipulator that can automatically fulfill the plastic holding. With the analysis of the problems in the design of the plastic holding manipulator and synthesizing the robot research and development condition in recent years, a economic scheme is concluded on the basis of the analysis of mechanical configuration, transform system, drive device and control system and guided by the idea of the characteristic and complex of mechanical configuration, electronic, software and hardware. In this article, the mechanical configuration combines the character of direction coordinate which can improve the stability and operation flexibility of the system. The main function of the transmission mechanism is to transmit power to implement department and complete the necessary movement. In this transmission structure, the screw transmission mechanism transmits the rotary motion into linear motion. Worm gear can give vary transmission ratio. Both of the transmission mechanisms have a characteristic of compact structure. The design of drive system often is limited by the environment condition and the factor of cost and technical lever. The step motor can receive digital signal directly and has the ability to response outer environment immediately and has no accumulation error, which often is used in driving system. In this driving system, open-loop control system is composed of stepping motor, which can satisfy the demand not only for control precision but also for the target of economic and practicality. On this basis, the analysis of stepping motor in power calculating and style selecting is also given. The analysis of kinematics and dynamics for object holding manipulator is given in completing the design of mechanical structure and drive system.Current industrial approaches to robot arm control treat each joint of the robot arm as a simple joint servomechanism. The servomechanism approach models the varying dynamics of a manipulator inadequately because it neglects the motion and configuration of the whole arm mechanism. These changes in the parameters of the controlled system sometimes are significant enough to render conventional feedback control strategies ineffective. The result is reduced servo response speed and damping, limiting the precision and speed of the end-effecter and making it appropriate only for limited-precision tasks. Manipulators controlled in this manner move at slow speeds with unnecessary vibrations. Any significant performance gain in this and other areas of robot arm control require the consideration of more efficient dynamic models, sophisticated control approaches, and the use of dedicated computer architectures and parallel processing techniques.In the industrial production and other fields, people often endangered by such factors as high temperature, corrode, poisonous gas and so forth at work, which have increased labor intensity and even jeopardized the life sometimes. The corresponding problems are solved since the robot arm comes out. The arms can catch, put and carry objects, and its movements are flexible and diversified. It applies to medium and small-scale automated production in which production varieties can be switched. And it is widely used on soft automatic line. The robot arms are generally made by withstand high temperatures, resist corrosion of materials to adapt to the harsh environment. So they reduced the labor intensity of the workers significantly and raised work efficiency. The robot arm is an important component of industrial robot, and it can be called industrial robots on many occasions. Industrial robot is set machinery, electronics, control, computers
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