基于AutoCAD汽车驱动桥结构设计【5张图纸】【优秀】
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基于AutoCAD汽车驱动桥结构设计
说明书 44页 20000字数+开题报告+任务书+外文翻译+文献综述+5张CAD图纸
A0-主减速器装配图.dwg
A1-主动锥齿轮.dwg
A1-从动锥齿轮.dwg
A2-半轴齿轮.dwg
A2-行星齿轮.dwg
中期检查.doc
任务书.doc
基于AutoCAD汽车驱动桥结构设计说明书.doc
外文翻译--汽车驱动桥结构设计.doc
封面打印.doc
开题报告.doc
摘要.doc
文献综述.doc
诚信承诺书.doc
目 录
1.绪 论1
1.1研究本课题的目的和意义1
1.2主减速器的定义种类功用1
1.3本次设计的主要内容2
2.主减速器的设计3
2.1主减速器的结构型式的选择3
2.1.1主减速器的减速型式3
2.1.2主减速器齿轮的类型的选择4
2.1.3主减速器主动锥齿轮的支承形式6
2.1.4主减速器从动锥齿轮的支承形式及安置方法7
2.2主减速器的基本参数选择与设计计算7
2.2.1主减速器计算载荷的确定7
2.2.2主减速器基本参数的选择9
2.2.3主减速器双曲面齿轮的几何尺寸计算12
2.2.4主减速器双曲面齿轮的强度计算19
2.2.5主减速器齿轮的材料及热处理23
2.3主减速器轴承的选择24
2.3.1计算转矩的确定24
2.3.2齿宽中点处的圆周力24
2.3.3双曲面齿轮所受的轴向力和径向力24
2.3.4主减速器轴承载荷的计算及轴承的选择25
2.4本章小结29
3. 差速器设计30
3.1差速器结构形式的选择30
3.2对称式圆锥行星齿轮差速器的差速原理31
3.3对称式圆锥行星齿轮差速器的结构32
3.4对称式圆锥行星齿轮差速器的设计33
3.4.1差速器齿轮的基本参数的选择33
3.4.2差速器齿轮的几何计算35
3.4.3差速器齿轮的强度计算36
3.5本章小结37
结 论38
参考文献39
致 谢40
摘 要
在现代汽车驱动桥上，主减速器的功用是将输入的转距增大并相应降低转速，以及当发动机纵置时还具有改变转矩旋转方向的作用。单级主减速器通常由主动齿轮和从动齿轮组成。在双级主减速器中，通常还要加一对圆柱齿轮或一组行星齿轮。在轮边减速器中则常采用普通平行轴式布置的斜齿圆柱齿轮传动或行星齿轮传动。主减速器采用的最广泛的是螺旋锥齿轮和双曲面齿轮。在某些公共汽车和重型汽车上有时也选用蜗轮传动。本文首先确定主要部件的结构型式和主要设计参数；然后参考类似驱动桥的结构，确定出总体设计方案；最后对主，从动锥齿轮，差速器圆锥行星齿轮，以及对支承轴承进行了寿命校核。本文采用传统的双曲面锥齿轮式单级主减速器作为CA1050的主减速器。
关键词: CA1050； 主减速器； 双曲面锥齿轮； 轴承； 行星齿轮
本设计的目标是设计一种满载质量为5t的轻型载货汽车的主减速器，本设计主要研究的内容有：主减速器的齿轮类型、主减速器的减速形式、主减速器主动齿轮和从动锥齿轮的支承形式、主减速器计算载荷的确定、主减速器基本参数的选择、主减速器齿轮的材料及热处理、主减速器轴承的计算、对称式圆锥行星齿轮差速器的差速原理、对称式圆锥行星齿轮差速器的结构、对称式圆锥行星齿轮差速器的设计。
2.主减速器的设计
2.1主减速器的结构型式的选择
主减速器的结构型式，主要是根据其齿轮类型、主动齿轮和从动齿轮的安置方法以及减速型式的不同而异。
2.1.1主减速器的减速型式
主减速器的减速型式分为单级减速、双级减速、双速减速、单级贯通、双级贯通、主减速及轮边减速等。
(1)单级主减速器
如图2.1所示为单级主减速器。由于单级主减速器具有结构简单、质量小、尺寸紧凑及制造成本低廉的优点，广泛用在主减速比i<7.6的各种中、小型汽车上。单级主减速器都是采用一对螺旋锥齿轮或双曲面齿轮，也有采用蜗轮传动的。
- 内容简介：
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本科毕业设计外文资料翻译系 别： 工程技术 专 业：机械设计制造及其自动化姓 名： 学 号： 年 月 日外文资料翻译译文汽车驱动桥结构设计驱动桥设计随着汽车对安全、节能、环保的不断重视，汽车后桥作为整车的一个关键部 件，其产品的质量对整车的安全使用及整车性能的影响是非常大的，因而对汽车 后桥进行有效的优化设计计算是非常必要的。 驱动桥处于动力传动系的末端， 其基本功能是增大由传动轴或变速器传来的转矩, 并将动力合理地分配给左、右驱动轮，另外还承受作用于路面和车架或车身之间 的垂直力力和横向力。驱动桥一般由主减速器、差速器、车轮传动装置和驱动桥 壳等组成。 驱动桥作为汽车四大总成之一，它的性能的好坏直接影响整车性能，而对于 载重汽车显得尤为重要。驱动桥设计应当满足如下基本要求： 1、符合现代汽车设计的一般理论。 2、外形尺寸要小，保证有必要的离地间隙。 3、合适的主减速比，以保证汽车的动力性和燃料经济性。 4、在各种转速和载荷下具有高的传动效率。 5、在保证足够的强度、刚度条件下，力求质量小，结构简单，加工工艺性 好，制造容易，拆装，调整方便。 6、与悬架导向机构运动协调，对于转向驱动桥，还应与转向机构运动协调。研究现状为适应不断完善社会主义市场经济体制的要求以及加入世贸组织后国内外汽车产业发展的新形势，推进汽车产业结构调整和升级，全面提高汽车产业国际竞争力，满足消费者对汽车产品日益增长的需求，促进汽车产业健康发展，特制定汽车产业发展政策。通过该政策的实施，使我国汽车产业在2010年前发展成为国民经济的支柱产业，为实现全面建设小康社会的目标做出更大的贡献。政府职能部门依据行政法规和技术规范的强制性要求，对汽车、农用运输车(低速载货车及三轮汽车，下同)、摩托车和零部件生产企业及其产品实施管理，规范各类经济主体在汽车产业领域的市场行为。低速载货汽车，在汽车发展趋势中，有着很好的发展前途。生产出质量好，操作简便，价格便宜的低速载货汽车将适合大多数消费者的要求。在国家积极投入和支持发展汽车产业的同时，能研制出适合中国国情，包括道路条件和经济条件的车辆，将大大推动汽车产业的发展和社会经济的提高在新政策汽车产业发展政策中，在2010年前，我国就要成为世界主要汽车制造国，汽车产品满足国内市场大部分需求并批量进入国际市场；2010年，汽车生产企业要形成若干驰名的汽车、摩托车和零部件产品品牌；通过市场竞争形成几家具有国际竞争力的大型汽车企业集团，力争到2010年跨入世界500强企业之列，等等。同时，在这个新的汽车产业政策描绘的蓝图中，还包含许多涉及产业素质提高和市场环境改善的综合目标，着实令人鼓舞。然而，不可否认的是，国内汽车产业的现状离产业政策的目标还有相当的距离。自1994年汽车工业产业政策颁布并执行以来，国内汽车产业结构有了显著变化，企业规模效益有了明显改善，产业集中度有了一定程度提高。但是，长期以来困扰中国汽车产业发展的散、乱和低水平重复建设问题，还没有从根本上得到解决。多数企业家预计，在新的汽车产业政策的鼓励下，将会有越来越多的汽车生产企业按照市场规律组成企业联盟，实现优势互补和资源共享主减速器汽车主减速器作为汽车驱动桥中重要的传力部件，是汽车最关键的部件之一。它承 担着在汽车传动系中减小转速、增大扭矩的作用，同时在动力向左右驱动轮分流的差速 器之前设置一个主减速器，可以使主减速器前面的传动部件，如变速箱、分动器、万向 传动装置等传递的扭矩减小，同时也减小了变速箱的尺寸和质量，而且操控灵敏省力。 汽车主减速器结构多种多样，主要是根据其齿轮类型、主动齿轮和从动齿轮的安置方法 以及减速型式的不同而异。按照主减速器齿轮的类型分为：螺旋锥齿轮和双曲面齿轮； 按照主减速器主动锥齿轮的支承型式及安置方法分为：悬臂式和跨置式；按照主减速器 减速形式分为：单级减速、双级减速、双速减速、贯通式主减速器和轮边减速等。 主减速器设计的好坏关系到汽车的动力性、经济性以及噪声、寿命等诸多方面。如 何协调好各方关系、合理匹配设计参数，以达到满足使用要求的最优目标，是主减速器 设计中最重要的问题。通常主减速器优化设计多是仅从某一角度考虑，单一的改善其某 一方面参数，而没有将其参数优化有效结合起来，因此，本文是通过设计不同类型的主 减速器，进行分析比较，看看各种类型的主减速器都适应何种汽车，或者是说每种类型 的主减速器采用什么样的构件合适，以便能优化设计主减速器，使其能够适应现在汽车 的发展趋势，向着小速比、大扭矩、传动效率高、成本低等客车和货车主减速器技术的 发展趋势发展差速器差速器是拖拉机必不可少的总成。在拖拉机行驶过程中，由于轮胎气压，道路状况，轮胎磨损的不同和拖拉机转弯，在很多情况下内侧轮胎的行驶速度比外侧的慢。差速器不仅可以解决上述问题，而且对于提高拖拉机的转向性和操纵稳定性有重要的作用。在总结相关资料的基础上,对差速器的原理和分类情况作了分析,通过分析和比较各种差速器的优缺点,最终选择了圆锥齿轮差速器作为拖拉机的差速器。本文依据40马力拖拉机的参数设计差速器，根据现有的条件和实际情况,进行了参数计算，且选取圆锥齿轮差速器的一对锥齿轮进行了强度校核。外文原文Cars drive axle of structure designAs the vehicle driving axle design of safety, energy saving and environmental protection of continuous attention, car driving axle as a key part of the whole vehicle parts, the quality of its products to the safe use of the whole vehicle and vehicle performances influence is very large, so for automobile driving axle for effective optimized design calculation is very necessary. In power transmission drive axle of the end of its basic function is to enlarge the drive shaft or transmission by coming from torque, and will be a reasonable distribution of power to the right and left the drive wheels, and also take effect on the pavement and frame or body of vertical forces between force and transverse force. From the main reducer drive axle of general, differential transmission device and axles and wheels shell etc. As the car drive axle of one of the four assembly, it will have a direct impact on the performance of vehicle performance, and for heavy trucks is particularly important. Driving axle design shall meet the following basic requirements: 1, accord with the general theory of modern car design. 2, shape dimension to small, ensure that necessary ground clearance is achieved. 3, the right than the slowdown, in order to ensure that the dynamic performance and fuel economy of the car. 4, in all kinds of speed and load of high transmission efficiency. 5, in enough strength, stiffness conditions, and strive to quality small, simple structure, good processing technology, manufacturing easy, tear open outfit, easy to adjust. 6, and suspension steering mechanism motor coordination, to turn to drive axle, still should and steering mechanism motion coordination. Research statusTo adapt to the constantly improve the socialist market economic system and the requirement of the wto car industry at home and abroad and the development of new situation, promote the adjustment and upgrading of the structure of the auto industry, and to enhance the international competitiveness of the automotive industry, consumer demand for the growing needs of automobile products, and promote the healthy development of the auto industry, specially make auto industry development policy. Through the implementation of the policy, Chinas automotive industry development in 2010 years ago as pillar industry of the national economy, to achieve the comprehensive construction affluent societys goal to make more contribution. The functions of the government sector basis administrative rules and regulations and technical specifications of the mandatory requirements of car, farm transporter (low speed truck and three rounds of automobile, similarly hereinafter), motorcycle and spare parts manufacturing enterprise and its product implementation management and standardize the all kinds of economic subject in the car industry field market behavior. Low speed parts of automobile, in car development trend, with a very good development prospect. Produce quality good, simple operation, low price cheap parts of the cars will be suitable for most consumers demand. In active in the country and support the development of the auto industry, but also can develop suitable for Chinas national conditions, including road conditions and economic condition of the vehicle, will greatly promote the development of the auto industry and the improvement of social economy The new policy in the automotive industry development policy, 2010 years ago, our country will become the worlds major automobile manufacturing countries, automobile products meet the domestic market demand and most batch enter the international market; In 2010, car production enterprise to form a number of well-known automobile, motorcycle and parts product brand; Through the market competition form several international competitive large automobile enterprise group, strive to 2010 years into the list of the worlds top 500 enterprises, and so on. Meanwhile, in this new auto industry policy described the blueprint, also contains many involving industry quality improvement and market environment to improve the comprehensive goal, really encouraging. However, it is undeniable that the, the present situation of the domestic car industry from industrial policy goals there are quite a distance. Since 1994 the automotive industry policy promulgated since and carry out, the domestic auto industry structure has significantly changed, enterprise scale benefit has been a marked improvement, industrial concentration has a certain degree increase. However, for a long time with the development of Chinas automobile industry scattered, random and low repetitive construction problems, have not fundamentally solved. Most entrepreneurs expect a new auto industry policys encouragement, there will be more and more car production enterprise in accordance with the rules of market enterprise alliance, realize the complementary advantages and resource sharing The Lord reducerAbstract The final drive as that part of a power transmission system of the drive bridge is one of the key components of the car. Its function is decreasing speed and increasing torque in the power train.At the same time. Designing a final drive before the differential which drive the power to two drive wheel may make drive train components before final drive ,such as transmission, power divider and universal driven device and so on,decrease the torque they transmit, but also reduced the size and quality of transmission , and control quickly and easily. The structure of final drive is various and is based mainly on the gear type, the settle mothod of bevel pinion gear and drive gear vary according to. According to the type of final drive wheel: spiral bevel gear and hypoid gear; According to the supporting form and settle mothod of bevel pinion gear: cantilever type and supports on both ends of the gear. According to the down form of final drive: single reduction final drive, double reduction final drive, two speed final drive, penetrable final drive and hub reduction gear and so on. The final drive design in relation to the dynamic quality ,economy and noise, life and so on. How to appropriately, the relationship between matches the design parameters to meet the needs of the best aim is the final drive in the design of the most important problem. Usually optimum design of the final drive is only from a perspective, a single improve its some one parameter, and not to put their argument to optimize effectiveness , Therefore, this text is designed by different types of the final drive, an analysis and comparison to see all kinds of gear have to adapt to any kind of car, or is that each type of the final drive what kind of members to adopt appropriate to optimize designs the final drive which can accommodate now the trend towards smaller than the speed of transmission, torque and high efficiency, low cost etc coach and freight the main gear technology the trend of developmentdifferential Differential is an essential assembly of vehicle. Due to difference in pressure of tires, road conditions, wear of tires and turning etc, inner wheels rotate slower than outer wheels in many situations. And differential can not only deal with the problem above, but also play an important role in enhancing motor vehicles steering performance and operating stability .At the conclusion of the relevant information based on the principle of differential analysis and classification. by analyzing and comparing the advantages and disadvantages of a variety of differential, finally selected bevel gear differential as
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