车门玻璃升降器的设计及运动仿真【11张图纸】【优秀】
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车门玻璃升降器的设计及运动仿真
40页 12000字数+说明书+任务书+开题报告+外文翻译+11张CAD图纸【详情如下】
UG三维图.rar
主动臂.dwg
从动臂A.dwg
从动臂B.dwg
任务书.doc
叉臂垫圈.dwg
外文翻译--机械设计理论.doc
安装盖板.dwg
导向槽A.dwg
导向槽B.dwg
扇形齿板.dwg
滑块.dwg
球头形铆钉.dwg
装配图.dwg
车门玻璃升降器的设计及运动仿真开题报告.doc
车门玻璃升降器的设计及运动仿真论文.doc
摘 要
车门玻璃升降系统是汽车车门系统重要组成部分之一，其质量的好坏将直接影响到整个车门系统乃至整车的安全性。该系统主要功能是保证车门玻璃平稳升降、能随意停位，同时具备良好的密封性。本文讨论了在汽车车门设计中于玻璃升降器的布置有关的零件设计，同时对叉臂升降器的布局设计及仿真实现进行了分析和介绍。玻璃升降器在车门系统中的车门附件。玻璃升降是实现轿车车门玻璃升降运动的车门附件。通过玻璃升降器带动玻璃托架作上下运动，从而使得车门玻璃框的导槽或导轨作升降运动。目前常用的玻璃升降器主要有叉臂式传动和绳轮式传动两种常见结构型式。后者能够适应玻璃在大曲率的弧形升降面上移动。此外有手操纵式卒电动两种操纵方式。车门设计和布局中．正确选择和布置玻璃升降器是保证玻璃升降操纵轻便、工作可靠的关键。
关键词：玻璃升降器；汽车车门系统；仿真
目 录
摘 要II
AbstractIII
目 录IV
1 绪论1
2.1?概述2
2.2?现状分析2
2.3?市场预测2
2.4?主要技术指标情况3
2.5? 汽车玻璃升降器的发展趋势4
3? 汽车玻璃升降器的结构工作原理与技术参数5
3.1? 结构及工作原理5
3.2 技术参数及分析7
4 玻璃升降器的设计方案8
4.1 车门玻璃参数的确定8
4.2 玻璃在车门上的干涉校核10
4.3 玻璃升降器类型的选择11
4.4 车窗玻璃运行弧度的确定12
4.5叉臂组件所在平面位置的初步确定12
5 电动玻璃升降器的机械结构设计13
5.1导向槽的设计13
5.2 玻璃导向与保护机构14
5.3 叉臂组件的设计16
5.4 驱动电机的选择17
5.5 扇形齿板的设计18
5.5.1 确定模数和压力角18
5.5.2 确定主动臂的角行程18
5.5.3 确定齿数和分度圆直径18
6 升降器电子控制系统的设计19
7 电动玻璃升降器数学模型（C A D ）的构建21
8有关运动部件的数据校核22
8.1?运动行程校核22
8.2?传动动力校核22
8.3?结构干涉校核24
8.4?强度分析或疲劳分析27
9 电动玻璃升降器的基本技术要求28
9.1 标准28
10.2 外观28
11 电动玻璃升降器的性能29
11.1 基本性能29
11.2 自锁性29
11.3 耐温度变化性29
11.4 绝缘介电强度29
11.5 耐过电压29
11.6 热保护性29
11.7 抗干扰性29
11.8 耐振性29
11.9 耐腐蚀性29
11.10 防水性29
11.11 耐久性29
12 结论与展望30
12.1 结论30
12.2不足之处及未来展望30
致谢31
参考文献32
1 绪论
玻璃升降器升降运动来实现汽车车门玻璃门附件。玻璃电梯玻璃托架的上下运动的驱动下沿着导向槽或导轨作升降运动，使门玻璃门窗框。升降台目前主要采用横臂式四轮驱动传动和绳索两种常见的结构类型。后者可以适应在一个大的弧形表面的曲率的玻璃向下移动。另外，有手动和电动两种操作模式。门的设计和布局。玻璃升降器的正确选择和安排，是为了确保玻璃升降操纵轻便，可靠的键。
作为运动部件的门系统，只是身体外面的电路板空间和布局相关的电梯，并且在门轨道的两侧，外玻璃含水，密封件具有一定的相关性。系统，尤其是外门和玻璃门的形状初步确认后，需要和玻璃电梯门系统的布局和分析相关的组件。
因为如果空间布局升降台的不适宜在实际过程中，经常会遇到追赶玻璃升降，抖动，帧关车门导轨等。往往也意味着运动不顺畅，在整个运行过程中的某一行或静态或动态的机械条件状况不佳的位置。反映在现实中出现的型式试验（寿命测试）失败或部分失败，在使用过程中，如叉车的手臂长臂，短臂的磨损，滑轮葫芦钢丝绳断裂。
要解决这些问题外可能存在的门板需要附件布局和结构设计的升降台，充分考虑其布局是合理的，应采用计算机辅助分析。合理安排升降机门系统的位置和需要解除门的设计产品设计时产生的玻璃电梯配件相关的系统布局和考虑。2?汽车玻璃升降器
2.1?概述
电动玻璃升降器在我国诞生于90年代初，是轿车作为生产资料向消费资料变化的一个特征。最早开始应用在桑塔纳普通型的选装车上，称为豪华型轿车，以后在奥迪、捷达、富康等轿车上都开始选装电动玻璃升降器。由于电动玻璃升降器比传统的手动玻璃升降器具有许多优越性，它运行平稳，调节自如，不需要人力，给驾驶员和乘员带来一种舒适感和安全感。汽车上装有电动玻璃升降器，给汽车带来一种豪华的气氛，受人喜爱。因此，目前在中级以上轿车都将电动玻璃升降器作为一种标准配置，用以提高汽车的配置档次。
2.2?现状分析
现在，国内生产的中高档轿车，例如奥迪A6、别克君威、雅阁、帕萨特、东风标致307都配置了电动玻璃升降器，其他轿车和面包车也开始大量选装电动玻璃升降器。目前，大客车和卡车也有配置电动玻璃升降器的需求。车门玻璃升降器作为车门附件，其作用是保证车门玻璃平稳升降、门窗能随时并顺利地开启和关闭，并能使玻璃停留在任意位置，不随外力作用或汽车的颠簸而上下跳动。因此要求玻璃升降器结构可靠、操纵轻便省力，并需有防止玻璃升降器倒转的制动装置。随着汽车的不断改进和发展，玻璃升降器也由简单的丝杆式、单臂式逐渐发展为今天的电动式。电动玻璃升降器的发展前景是广阔的。
2.3?市场预测
- 内容简介：
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无锡太湖学院信 机系 机械工程及自动化 专业毕 业 设 计论 文 任 务 书一、题目及专题：1、题目 车门玻璃升降器的设计及运动仿真 2、专题 滑门电动玻璃升降器的逆向设计及运动仿真 二、课题来源及选题依据课题来源：江苏省苏州奥杰汽车技术有限公司 选题依据：根据某车型使用UG逆向设计一款电动玻璃升降器 三、本设计（论文或其他）应达到的要求： 设计适合某车型的电动玻璃升降器。 用UG软件建立玻璃升降器的三维模型，并对其运动仿真，校核升降器布置是否合理，检查各部件之间是否干涉，优化结构。 查阅文献15篇以上，并有不少于8000字符的外文资料译文。 完成开题报告。 中文摘要在400字以内，有34个关键词，外文摘要在2000字符左右。 至少完成A0图纸4张和一份1万字以上的设计计算说明书。 四、接受任务学生： 机械92 班 姓名 黄宇流 五、开始及完成日期：自2012年11月12日 至2013年5月25日六、设计（论文）指导（或顾问）：指导教师签名 签名 签名教研室主任学科组组长研究所所长签名 系主任 签名2012年11月12日编号无锡太湖学院毕业设计（论文）相关资料题目：车门玻璃升降器的设计及运动仿真 信机 系 机械工程及自动化专业学 号： 0623005学生姓名： 黄宇流 指导教师： 林承德 （职称：教 授 ） （职称： ）2013年5月25日目 录一、毕业设计（论文）开题报告二、毕业设计（论文）外文资料翻译及原文三、学生“毕业论文（论文）计划、进度、检查及落实表”四、实习鉴定表英文原文Machine design theory The machine design is through designs the new product or improves the old product to meet the human need the application technical science. It involves the project technology each domain, mainly studies the product the size, the shape and the detailed structure basic idea, but also must study the product the personnel which in aspect the and so on manufacture, sale and use question. Carries on each kind of machine design work to be usually called designs the personnel or machine design engineer. The machine design is a creative work. Project engineer not only must have the creativity in the work, but also must in aspect and so on mechanical drawing, kinematics, engineerig material, materials mechanics and machine manufacture technology has the deep elementary knowledge. If front sues, the machine design goal is the production can meet the human need the product. The invention, the discovery and technical knowledge itself certainly not necessarily can bring the advantage to the humanity, only has when they are applied can produce on the product the benefit. Thus, should realize to carries on before the design in a specific product, must first determine whether the people do need this kind of product1 LathesLathes are machine tools designed primarily to do turning, facing and boring, Very little turning is done on other types of machine tools, and none can do it with equal facility. Because lathes also can do drilling and reaming, their versatility permits several operations to be done with a single setup of the work piece. Consequently, more lathes of various types are used in manufacturing than any other machine tool.The essential components of a lathe are the bed, headstock assembly, tailstock assembly, and the leads crew and feed rod.The bed is the backbone of a lathe. It usually is made of well normalized or aged gray or nodular cast iron and provides s heavy, rigid frame on which all the other basic components are mounted. Two sets of parallel, longitudinal ways, inner and outer, are contained on the bed, usually on the upper side. Some makers use an inverted V-shape for all four ways, whereas others utilize one inverted V and one flat way in one or both sets, They are precision-machined to assure accuracy of alignment. On most modern lathes the way are surface-hardened to resist wear and abrasion, but precaution should be taken in operating a lathe to assure that the ways are not damaged. Any inaccuracy in them usually means that the accuracy of the entire lathe is destroyed.The headstock is mounted in a foxed position on the inner ways, usually at the left end of the bed. It provides a powered means of rotating the word at various speeds . Essentially, it consists of a hollow spindle, mounted in accurate bearings, and a set of transmission gears-similar to a truck transmissionthrough which the spindle can be rotated at a number of speeds. Most lathes provide from 8 to 18 speeds, usually in a geometric ratio, and on modern lathes all the speeds can be obtained merely by moving from two to four levers. An increasing trend is to provide a continuously variable speed range through electrical or mechanical drives.Because the accuracy of a lathe is greatly dependent on the spindle, it is of heavy construction and mounted in heavy bearings, usually preloaded tapered roller or ball types. The spindle has a hole extending through its length, through which long bar stock can be fed. The size of maximum size of bar stock that can be machined when the material must be fed through spindle.The tailsticd assembly consists, essentially, of three parts. A lower casting fits on the inner ways of the bed and can slide longitudinally thereon, with a means for clamping the entire assembly in any desired location, An upper casting fits on the lower one and can be moved transversely upon it, on some type of keyed ways, to permit aligning the assembly is the tailstock quill. This is a hollow steel cylinder, usually about 51 to 76mm(2to 3 inches) in diameter, that can be moved several inches longitudinally in and out of the upper casting by means of a hand wheel and screw.The size of a lathe is designated by two dimensions. The first is known as the swing. This is the maximum diameter of work that can be rotated on a lathe. It is approximately twice the distance between the line connecting the lathe centers and the nearest point on the ways, The second size dimension is the maximum distance between centers. The swing thus indicates the maximum work piece diameter that can be turned in the lathe, while the distance between centers indicates the maximum length of work piece that can be mounted between centers.Engine lathes are the type most frequently used in manufacturing. They are heavy-duty machine tools with all the components described previously and have power drive for all tool movements except on the compound rest. They commonly range in size from 305 to 610 mm(12 to 24 inches)swing and from 610 to 1219 mm(24 to 48 inches) center distances, but swings up to 1270 mm(50 inches) and center distances up to 3658mm(12 feet) are not uncommon. Most have chip pans and a built-in coolant circulating system. Smaller engine lathes-with swings usually not over 330 mm (13 inches ) also are available in bench type, designed for the bed to be mounted on a bench on a bench or cabinet. Although engine lathes are versatile and very useful, because of the time required for changing and setting tools and for making measurements on the work piece, thy are not suitable for quantity production. Often the actual chip-production tine is less than 30% of the total cycle time. In addition, a skilled machinist is required for all the operations, and such persons are costly and often in short supply. However, much of the operators time is consumed by simple, repetitious adjustments and in watching chips being made. Consequently, to reduce or eliminate the amount of skilled labor that is required, turret lathes, screw machines, and other types of semiautomatic and automatic lathes have been highly developed and are widely used in manufacturing.2 Numerical ControlOne of the most fundamental concepts in the area of advanced manufacturing technologies is numerical control (NC). Prior to the advent of NC, all machine tools ere manually operated and controlled. Among the many limitations associated with manual control machine tools, perhaps none is more prominent than the limitation of operator skills. With manual control, the quality of the product is directly related to and limited to the skills of the operator. Numerical control represents the first major step away from human control of machine tools. Numerical control means the control of machine tools and other manufacturing systems through the use of prerecorded, written symbolic instructions. Rather than operating a machine tool, an NC technician writes a program that issues operational instructions to the machine tool. For a machine tool to be numerically controlled, it must be interfaced with a device for accepting and decoding the programmed instructions, known as a reader.Numerical control was developed to overcome the limitation of human operators, and it has done so. Numerical control machines are more accurate than manually operated machines, they can produce parts more uniformly, they are faster, and the long-run tooling costs are lower. The development of NC led to the development of several other innovations in manufacturing technology:Electrical discharge machining,Laser cutting,Electron beam welding.Numerical control has also made machine tools more versatile than their manually operated predecessors. An NC machine tool can automatically produce a wide of parts, each involving an assortment of widely varied and complex machining processes. Numerical control has allowed manufacturers to undertake the production of products that would not have been feasible from an economic perspective using manually controlled machine tolls and processes.Like so many advanced technologies, NC was born in the laboratories of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The concept of NC was developed in the early 1950s with funding provided by the U.S. Air Force. In its earliest stages, NC machines were able to made straight cuts efficiently and effectively. However, curved paths were a problem because the machine tool had to be programmed to undertake a series of horizontal and vertical steps to produce a curve. The shorter the straight lines making up the steps, the smoother is the curve, Each line segment in the steps had to be calculated. This problem led to the development in 1959 of the Automatically Programmed Tools (APT) language. This is a special programming language for NC that uses statements similar to English language to define the part geometry, describe the cutting tool configuration, and specify the necessary motions. The development of the APT language was a major step forward in the fur ther development from those used today. The machines had hardwired logic circuits. The instructional programs were written on punched paper, which was later to be replaced by magnetic plastic tape. A tape reader was used to interpret the instructions written on the tape for the machine. Together, all of this represented a giant step forward in the control of machine tools. However, there were a number of problems with NC at this point in its development. A major problem was the fragility of the punched paper tape medium. It was common for the paper tape containing the programmed instructions to break or tear during a machining process. This problem was exacerbated by the fact that each successive time a part was produced on a machine tool, the paper tape carrying the programmed instructions had to be rerun through the reader. If it was necessary to produce 100 copies of a given part, it was also necessary to run the paper tape through the reader 100 separate tines. Fragile paper tapes simply could not withstand the rigors of a shop floor environment and this kind of repeated use.This led to the development of a special magnetic plastic tape. Whereas the paper carried the programmed instructions as a series of holes punched in the tape, the plastic tape carried the instructions as a series of magnetic dots. The plastic tape was much stronger than the paper tape, which solved the problem of frequent tearing and breakage. However, it still left two other problems.The most important of these was that it was difficult or impossible to change the instructions entered on the tape. To made even the most minor adjustments in a program of instructions, it was necessary to interrupt machining operations and make a new tape. It was also still necessary to run the tape through the reader as many times as there were parts to be produced. Fortunately, computer technology became a reality and soon solved the problems of NC associated with punched paper and plastic tape.The development of a concept known as direct numerical control (DNC) solved the paper and plastic tape problems associated with numerical control by simply eliminating tape as the medium for carrying the programmed instructions. In direct numerical control, machine tools are tied, via a data transmission link, to a host computer. Programs for operating the machine tools are stored in the host computer and fed to the machine tool an needed via the data transmission linkage. Direct numerical control represented a major step forward over punched tape and plastic tape. However, it is subject to the same limitations as all technologies that depend on a host computer. When the host computer goes down, the machine tools also experience downtime. This problem led to the development of computer numerical control. 3 TurningThe engine lathe, one of the oldest metal removal machines, has a number of useful and highly desirable attributes. Today these lathes are used primarily in small shops where smaller quantities rather than large production runs are encountered.The engine lathe has been replaced in todays production shops by a wide variety of automatic lathes such as automatic of single-point tooling for maximum metal removal, and the use of form tools for finish on a par with the fastest processing equipment on the scene today.Tolerances for the engine lathe depend primarily on the skill of the operator. The design engineer must be careful in using tolerances of an experimental part that has been produced on the engine lathe by a skilled operator. In redesigning an experimental part for production, economical tolerances should be used.Turret Lathes Production machining equipment must be evaluated now, more than ever before, this criterion for establishing the production qualification of a specific method, the turret lathe merits a high rating. In designing for low quantities such as 100 or 200 parts, it is most economical to use the turret lathe. In achieving the optimum tolerances possible on the turrets lathe, the designer should strive for a minimum of operations.中文译文机械设计理论 机械设计是一门通过设计新产品或者改进老产品来满足人类需求的应用技术科学。它涉及工程技术的各个领域，主要研究产品的尺寸、形状和详细结构的基本构思，还要研究产品在制造、销售和使用等方面的问题。 进行各种机械设计工作的人员通常被称为设计人员或者机械设计工程师。机械设计是一项创造性的工作。设计工程师不仅在工作上要有创造性，还必须在机械制图、运动学、工程材料、材料力学和机械制造工艺学等方面具有深厚的基础知识。 如前所诉，机械设计的目的是生产能够满足人类需求的产品。发明、发现和科技知识本身并不一定能给人类带来好处，只有当它们被应用在产品上才能产生效益。因而，应该认识到在一个特定的产品进行设计之前，必须先确定人们是否需要这种产品1.车床车床主要是为了进行车外圆、车端面和镗孔等项工作而设计的机床。车削很少在其他种类的机床上进行，而且任何一种其他机床都不能像车床那样方便地进行车削加工。由于车床还可以用来钻孔和铰孔，车床的多功能性可以使工件在一次安装中完成几种加工。因此，在生产中使用的各种车床比任何其他种类的机床都多。车床的基本部件有：床身、主轴箱组件、尾座组件、溜板组件、丝杠和光杠。床身是车床的基础件。它能常是由经过充分正火或时效处理的灰铸铁或者球墨铁制成。它是一个坚固的刚性框架，所有其他基本部件都安装在床身上。通常在床身上有内外两组平行的导轨。有些制造厂对全部四条导轨都采用导轨尖朝上的三角形导轨（即山形导轨），而有的制造厂则在一组中或者两组中都采用一个三角形导轨和一个矩形导轨。导轨要经过精密加工以保证其直线度精度。为了抵抗磨损和擦伤，大多数现代机床的导轨是经过表面淬硬的，但是在操作时还应该小心，以避免损伤导轨。导轨上的任何误差，常常意味着整个机床的精度遭到破坏。主轴箱安装在内侧导轨的固定位置上，一般在床身的左端。它提供动力，并可使工件在各种速度下回转。它基本上由一个安装在精密轴承中的空心主轴和一系列变速齿轮(类似于卡车变速箱)所组成。通过变速齿轮，主轴可以在许多种转速下旋转。大多数车床有812种转速，一般按等比级数排列。而且在现代机床上只需扳动24个手柄，就能得到全部转速。一种正在不断增长的趋势是通过电气的或者机械的装置进行无级变速。由于机床的精度在很大程度上取决于主轴，因此，主轴的结构尺寸较大，通常安装在预紧后的重型圆锥滚子轴承或球轴承中。主轴中有一个贯穿全长的通孔，长棒料可以通过该孔送料。主轴孔的大小是车床的一个重要尺寸，因此当工件必须通过主轴孔供料时，它确定了能够加工的棒料毛坯的最大尺寸。尾座组件主要由三部分组成。底板与床身的内侧导轨配合，并可以在导轨上作纵向移动。底板上有一个可以使整个尾座组件夹紧在任意位置上的装置。尾座体安装在底板上，可以沿某种类型的键槽在底板上横向移动，使尾座能与主轴箱中的主轴对正。尾座的第三个组成部分是尾座套筒。它是一个直径通常大约在5176mm（23英寸）之间的钢制空心圆柱体。通过手轮和螺杆，尾座套筒可以在尾座体中纵向移入和移出几个英寸。车床的规格用两个尺寸表示。第一个称为车床的床面上最大加工直径。这是在车床上能够旋转的工件的最大直径。它大约是两顶尖连线与导轨上最近点之间距离的两倍。第二个规格尺寸是两顶尖之间的最大距离。车床床面上最大加工直径表示在车床上能够车削的最大工件直径，而两顶尖之间的最大距离则表示在两个顶尖之间能够安装的工件的最大长度。普通车床是生产中最经常使用的车床种类。它们是具有前面所叙的所有那些部件的重载机床，并且除了小刀架之外，全部刀具的运动都有机动进给。它们的规格通常是：车床床面上最大加工直径为305610mm（1224英寸）；但是，床面上最大加工直径达到1270mm（50英寸）和两顶尖之间距离达到3658mm的车床也并不少见。这些车床大部分都有切屑盘和一个安装在内部的冷却液循环系统。小型的普通车床车床床面最大加工直径一般不超过330mm（13英寸）-被设计成台式车床，其床身安装在工作台或柜子上。虽然普通车床有很多用途，是很有用的机床，但是更换和调整刀具以及测量工件花费很多时间，所以它们不适合在大量生产中应用。通常，它们的实际加工时间少于其总加工时间的30%。此外，需要技术熟练的工人来操作普通车床，这种工人的工资高而且很难雇到。然而，操作工人的大部分时间却花费在简单的重复调整和观察切屑过程上。因此，为了减少或者完全不雇用这类熟练工人，六角车床、螺纹加工车床和其他类型的半自动和自动车床已经很好地研制出来，并已经在生产中得到广泛应用。2.数字控制先进制造技术中的一个基本的概念是数字控制（NC）。在数控技术出现之前，所有的机床都是由人工操纵和控制的。在与人工控制的机床有关的很多局限性中，操作者的技能大概是最突出的问题。采用人工控制是，产品的质量直接与操作者的技能有关。数字控制代表了从人工控制机床走出来的第一步。数字控制意味着采用预先录制的、存储的符号指令来控制机床和其他制造系统。一个数控技师的工作不是去操纵机床，而是编写能够发出机床操纵指令的程序。对于一台数控机床，其上必须安有一个被称为阅读机的界面装置，用来接受和解译出编程指令。发展数控技术是为了克服人类操作者的局限性，而且它确实完成了这项工作。数字控制的机器
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