人人文库网 > 图纸下载 > 课程设计 > 行星齿轮洗衣机减速器的设计【6张图纸】【良好】

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行星齿轮洗衣机减速器的设计【6张图纸】【良好】

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关键词：: 行星齿轮洗衣机减速器设计图纸

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行星齿轮洗衣机减速器的设计

36页 18000字数+说明书+任务书+开题报告+外文翻译+6张CAD图纸【详情如下】

中期检查表.doc

任务书.doc

外文翻译--齿轮简介.doc

行星轮架.dwg

行星轮架盖.dwg

行星齿轮.dwg

行星齿轮洗衣机减速器的设计.doc

行星齿轮洗衣机减速器的设计开题报告.doc

装配图.dwg

课题审核表.doc

输入轴.dwg

输出轴.dwg

摘要

本文是有关一种自动洗衣机减速离合器内部减速装置行星轮系减速器的设计。行星轮减速其实就是应用齿轮减速的原理,它有一个轴线位置固定的齿轮叫中心轮或太阳轮,在太阳轮边上有轴线变动的齿轮,即一方面作自转另一方面又作公转的齿轮叫行星轮,行星轮有支持构件叫行星架,通过行星架将动力传到轴上,再传给其它齿轮。它们由一组若干个齿轮组成一个轮系，只有一个原动件,这种周转轮系称为行星轮系。

关键词：行星轮系减速器，行星轮，中心轮（太阳轮），行星架

1 绪论1

　　1.1发展概况1

　　1.2行星齿轮的传动1

　　1.3行星齿轮传动的特点2

　　1.4行星齿轮传动的基本类型3

2 减速器简介3

3 传动系统的方案设计4

　　3.1原始数据4

　　3.2传动方案的要求5

　　3.3拟定传动方案5

4 行星齿轮传动的设计6

　　4.1行星齿轮传动比和效率计算6

　　4.2行星齿轮传动的配齿计算6

　　　4.2.1传动比条件6

　　　4.2.2同轴条件7

　　　4.2.3装配条件7

　　　4.2.4邻接条件7

　　4.3行星齿轮传动的几何尺寸和啮合参数计算9

　　4.4行星齿轮传动强度计算及校核14

　　　4.4.1名义载荷、使用系数和动载系数14

　　　4.4.2行星齿轮抗弯疲劳强度计算及校核15

　　　4.4.3行星齿轮接触疲劳强度计算及校核15

5 行星齿轮传动的均载机构的设计15

　　5.1基本构件浮动的均载机构16

　　5.2采用弹性件的均载机构16

　　5.3杠杆联动均载机构17

　　5.4弹性油膜浮动法19

　　5.5齿式联轴器的设计19

6 太阳轮、行星轮和行星架的结构设计22

　　6.1太阳轮的结构设计22

　　6.2行星轮的结构设计22

　　6.3行星架的结构设计23

7 行星轮系减速器输入输出轴的设计24

　　7.1减速器输入轴的设计26

　　　7.1.1选择材料，确定许用应力26

　　　7.1.2根据扭转强度估算轴径26

　　　7.1.3确定各轴段的直径和长度26

　　　7.1.4校核27

　　7.2减速器输出轴的设计27

　　　7.2.1选择材料，确定许用应力27

　　　7.2.2根据扭转强度估算轴径27

　　　7.2.3确定各轴段的直径和长度28

　　　7.2.4校核28

8 结束语28

致谢29

参考文献29

1.3 行星齿轮传动的特点

　　　行星齿轮传动与普通齿轮传动相比较，它具有许多独特的优点：在传递动力时它可以进行功率分流；同时，其输入轴与输出轴具有同轴性，即输出轴与输入轴均设置在同一主轴线上。所以行星齿轮传动现已被人们用来代替普通齿轮传动，来作为各种机械传动系统中的减速器、增速器和变速装置。尤其是对于那些要求体积小、质量小、结构紧凑和传动效率高的航空发动机、起重运输和石油化工等的齿轮传动装置以及需要差速器的汽车和坦克等车辆的齿轮传动装置，行星齿轮传动已得到了越来越广泛的应用。

　　　行星齿轮传动的主要优点有：

　　　（1）体积小，质量小，结构紧凑，承载能力大

　　　由于行星齿轮传动具有功率分流和各中心轮构成共轴线式的传动以及合理的应用内啮合齿轮副，因此结构非常紧凑；再由于在中心轮周围均匀分布着数个行星轮来共同分担载荷，从而使每个齿轮所承受的载荷较小。

　　　（2）传动效率高

　　　由于行星齿轮结构的对称性，使作用于中心轮和转臂轴承的反作用力互相平衡，从而有利于达到提高传动效率的作用。

　　　（3)传动比大

　　　可以实现运动的合成和分解，只要适当选择行星齿轮传动的类型和配齿方案，就可使少数几个齿轮获得很大传动比。

　　　（4）传动平稳，抗冲击和振动的能力强

　　　由于采用了数个行星齿轮，均匀的分布在中心轮周围，从而使行星轮和转臂的惯性力相互平衡，同时也使参与啮合的齿数增多，故传动平稳，抗冲击和振动能力强。

　　　行星齿轮传动的缺点是：材料优质、结构复杂，制造和安装较困难些。但随着人们对行星传动技术进一步深入地了解和掌握以及对国外行星传动技术的引进和消化吸收，从而使其传功结构不断完善，同时生产工艺水平也不断提高。因此，对于它的制造安装问题，目前已不再视为一件什么困难的事情。实践表明，在具有中等技术水平的工厂也是完全可以制造出较好的行星齿轮传动减速器的。

1.4 行星齿轮传动的基本类型

行星齿轮传动的类型很多，其分类方法也不少。按照原机械工业部关于行星齿轮减速器标准JB 1977—1976，国内采用了将行星齿轮传动按其啮合方式的不同来进行分类。该分类方法通常采用如下的基本代号：

N——内啮合齿轮副；

W——外齿合齿轮副；

G——同时与两个中心轮相啮合的公共齿轮。

　　　根据行星齿轮传动所具有的啮合方式，可以把行星齿轮传动的传动类型分为：

NGW——具有内啮合和外啮合，同时还具有一个公共齿轮的行星齿轮传动；

NW——具有一个内啮合和一个外啮合的行星齿轮传动；

WW——具有两个外啮合的行星齿轮传动；

NN——具有两个内啮合的行星齿轮传动；

NGWN——具有两个内啮合和一个外啮合，同时还具有一个公共齿轮的行星齿轮传动；

N——仅具有一个内啮合的行星齿轮传动。

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内容简介：: The Introduction of the gearsIn the force analysis of spur gears, the forces are assumed to act in a single plane. We shall study gears in which the forces have three dimensions. The reason for this, in the case of helical gears, is that the teeth are not parallel to the axis of rotation. And in the case of bevel gears, the rotational axes are not parallel to each other. There are also other reasons, as we shall learn.Helical gears are used to transmit motion between parallel shafts. The helix angle is the same on each gear, but one gear must have a right-hand helix and the other a left-hand helix. The shape of the tooth is an involute helicoid. If a piece of paper cut in the shape of a parallelogram is wrapped around a cylinder, the angular edge of the paper becomes a helix. If we unwind this paper, each point on the angular edge generates an involute curve. The surface obtained when every point on the edge generates an involute is called an involute helicoid.The initial contact of spur-gear teeth is a line extending all the way across the face of the tooth. The initial contact of helical gear teeth is a point, which changes into a line as the teeth come into more engagement. In spur gears the line of contact is parallel to the axis of the rotation; in helical gears, the line is diagonal across the face of the tooth. It is this gradual of the teeth and the smooth transfer of load from one tooth to another, which give helical gears the ability to transmit heavy loads at high speeds. Helical gears subject the shaft bearings to both radial and thrust loads. When the thrust loads become high or are objectionable for other reasons, it may be desirable to use double helical gears. A double helical gear (herringbone) is equivalent to two helical gears of opposite hand, mounted side by side on the same shaft. They develop opposite thrust reactions and thus cancel out the thrust load. When two or more single helical gears are mounted on the same shaft, the hand of the gears should be selected so as to produce the minimum thrust load.Crossed-helical, or spiral, gears are those in which the shaft centerlines are neither parallel nor intersecting. The teeth of crossed-helical fears have point contact with each other, which changes to line contact as the gears wear in. For this reason they will carry out very small loads and are mainly for instrumental applications, and are definitely not recommended for use in the transmission of power. There is on difference between a crossed helical gear and a helical gear until they are mounted in mesh with each other. They are manufactured in the same way. A pair of meshed crossed helical gears usually have the same hand; that is ,a right-hand driver goes with a right-hand driven. In the design of crossed-helical gears, the minimum sliding velocity is obtained when the helix angle are equal. However, when the helix angle are not equal, the gear with the larger helix angle should be used as the driver if both gears have the same hand.Worm gears are similar to crossed helical gears. The pinion or worm has a small number of teeth, usually one to four, and since they completely wrap around the pitch cylinder they are called threads. Its mating gear is called a worm gear, which is not a true helical gear. A worm and worm gear are used to provide a high angular-velocity reduction between nonintersecting shafts which are usually at right angle. The worm gear is not a helical gear because its face is made concave to fit the curvature of the worm in order to provide line contact instead of point contact. However, a disadvantage of worm gearing is the high sliding velocities across the teeth, the same as with crossed helical gears.Worm gearing are either single or double enveloping. A single-enveloping gearing is one in which the gear wraps around or partially encloses the worm. A gearing in which each element partially encloses the other is, of course, a double-enveloping worm gearing. The important difference between the two is that area contact exists between the teeth of double-enveloping gears while only line contact between those of single-enveloping gears. The worm and worm gear of a set have the same hand of helix as for crossed helical gears, but the helix angles are usually quite different. The helix angle on the worm is generally quite large, and that on the gear very small. Because of this, it is usual to specify the lead angle on the worm, which is the complement of the worm helix angle, and the helix angle on the gear; the two angles are equal for a 90-deg. Shaft angle.When gears are to be used to transmit motion between intersecting shaft, some of bevel gear is required. Although bevel gear are usually made for a shaft angle of 90 deg. They may be produced for almost any shaft angle. The teeth may be cast, milled, or generated. Only the generated teeth may be classed as accurate. In a typical bevel gear mounting, one of the gear is often mounted outboard of the bearing. This means that shaft deflection can be more pronounced and have a greater effect on the contact of teeth. Another difficulty, which occurs in predicting the stress in bevel-gear teeth, is the fact the teeth are tapered. Straight bevel gears are easy to design and simple to manufacture and give very good results in service if they are mounted accurately and positively. As in the case of squr gears, however, they become noisy at higher values of the pitch-line velocity. In these cases it is often good design practice to go to the spiral bevel gear, which is the bevel counterpart of the helical gear. As in the case of helical gears, spiral bevel gears give a much smoother tooth action than straight bevel gears, and hence are useful where high speed are encountered.It is frequently desirable, as in the case of automotive differential applications, to have gearing similar to bevel gears but with the shaft offset. Such gears are called hypoid gears because their pitch surfaces are hyperboloids of revolution. The tooth action between such gears is a combination of rolling and sliding along a straight line and has much in common with that of worm gears.齿轮简介在直齿圆柱齿轮的受力分析中，是假定各力作用在单一平面的。我们将研究作用力具有三维坐标的齿轮。因此，在斜齿轮的情况下，其齿向是不平行于回转轴线的。而在锥齿轮的情况中各回转轴线互相不平行。像我们要讨论的那样，尚有其他道理需要学习，掌握。斜齿轮用于传递平行轴之间的运动。倾斜角度每个齿轮都一样，但一个必须右旋斜齿，而另一个必须是左旋斜齿。齿的形状是一溅开线螺旋面。如果一张被剪成平行四边形（矩形）的纸张包围在齿轮圆柱体上，纸上印出齿的角刃边就变成斜线。如果我展开这张纸，在血角刃边上的每一个点就发生一渐开线曲线。直齿圆柱齿轮轮齿的初始接触处是跨过整个齿面而伸展开来的线。斜齿轮轮齿的初始接触是一点，当齿进入更多的啮合时，它就变成线。在直齿圆柱齿轮中，接触是平行于回转轴线的。在斜齿轮中，该先是跨过齿面的对角线。它是齿轮逐渐进行啮合并平稳的从一个齿到另一个齿传递运动，那样就使斜齿轮具有高速重载下平稳传递运动的能力。斜齿轮使轴的轴承承受径向和轴向力。当轴向推力变的大了或由于别的原因而产生某些影响时，那就可以使用人字齿轮。双斜齿轮（人字齿轮）是与反向的并排地装在同一轴上的两个斜齿轮等效。他们产生相反的轴向推力作用，这样就消除了轴向推力。当两个或更多个单向齿斜齿轮被在同一轴上时，齿轮的齿向应作选择，以便产生最小的轴向推力。交错轴斜齿轮或螺旋齿轮，他们是轴中心线既不相交也不平行。交错轴斜齿轮的齿彼此之间发生点接触，它随着齿轮的磨合而变成线接触。因此他们只能传递小的载荷和主要用于仪器设备中，而且肯定不能推荐在动力传动中使用。交错轴斜齿轮与斜齿轮之间在被安装后互相捏合之前是没有任何区别的。它们是以同样的方法进行制造。一对相啮合的交错轴斜齿轮通常具有同样的齿向，即左旋主动齿轮跟右旋从动齿轮相啮合。在交错轴斜齿设计中，当该齿的斜角相等时所产生滑移速度最小。然而当该齿的斜角不相等时，如果两个齿轮具有相同齿向的话，大斜角齿轮应用作主动齿轮。蜗轮与交错轴斜齿轮相似。小齿轮即蜗杆具有较小的齿数，通常是一到四齿，由于它们完全缠绕在节圆柱上，因此它们被称为螺纹齿。与其相配的齿轮叫做蜗轮，蜗轮不是真正的斜齿轮。蜗杆和蜗轮通

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