人人文库网 > 图纸下载 > 毕业设计 > 空气压缩机机身铣三斜面专用机床夹紧液压系统设计【12张图纸】【优秀】

计划周记进度检查表 .xls

空气压缩机机身铣三斜面专用机床夹紧液压系统设计【12张图纸】【优秀】

资源目录

空气压缩机机身铣三斜面专用机床夹紧液压系统设计【12张图纸】【优秀】.rar

计划周记进度检查表 .xls---(点击预览)

空气压缩机机身铣三斜面专用机床夹紧液压系统设计说明书.doc---(点击预览)

空气压缩机机身铣三斜面专用机床夹紧液压系统设计开题报告.doc---(点击预览)

相关资料.doc

空气压缩机机身铣三斜面专用机床夹紧液压系统设计开题报告.doc

空气压缩机机身铣三斜面专用机床夹紧液压系统设计说明书.doc

计划周记进度检查表 .xls

摘要

　　　专用组合机床目前是一种普遍的机械装置，应用于大批量生产领域，具有相当的柔性，加工精度高，生产效率提高，劳动强度减轻。

　　　本文就是社会生产的实际需要提出的设计题目。根据现有的空气压缩机机身的相关资料，制定空气压缩机机身的加工工艺，组合铣机身三斜面的夹具设计、液压系统设计。在此基础上提出新的加工工艺和符合新工艺的加工专用机床方案，让改进和创新后的产品更适合工厂和顾客的需求。

　　　本文在对组合铣三斜面的工装设计过程中，对铣三个斜面及钻孔的专用夹具进行了全面的设计。从夹具的外型尺寸设计到具体的一面两销限制自由度定位方案再到加工面精度的计算：液压进给系统的设计，本文也用了不少的篇幅。重点根据液压系统的基本原理，画出合理的液压系统图；根据主要参数确定了液压元件的选择，在组合机床设计过程中结合具体实践和设计经验，阐述了通用件如（液压滑台）的选取及专用部件（如主轴箱）的设计计算。

　　　最后希望此次设计的夹具和液压系统能达到预期的设计要求，并能在实际的应用中取得良好的效果。

关键词：组合机床；专用要求；工艺；钻夹具；液压

摘要III

AbstractIV

目录V

1 绪论1

　　1.1 力源压缩机有限公司简介1

　　1.2 本课题的意义目的1

　　1.3 本设计的技术要求1

2 压缩机机身铣三斜面加工工艺规程设计2

　　2.1工艺方案的制定2

　　2.2 产品图纸及结构分析2

　　2.3 毛坯分析、要求及形式的确定3

　　　2.3.1 毛坯种类的选择3

　　　2.3.2 选择毛坯应考虑的因素3

　　　2.3.3 确定毛坯的制造形式4

　　2.4 拟定加工工艺路线4

　　　2.4.1 定位基准的选择4

　　　2.4.2 表面加工方法的选择5

　　　2.4.3 加工顺序的安排5

　　2.5 加工余量、工序尺寸及其公差和毛坯尺寸的确定7

　　　2.5.1 加工余量的拟定7

　　　2.5.2 加工余量及毛坯尺寸的确定8

　　　2.5.3 工序尺寸及其公差的确定9

　　2.6 加工工艺规程9

　　　2.6.1 机械加工工艺规程的作用9

　　　2.6.2 制定机械加工工艺的原则9

　　　2.6.3 粗、精铣三斜面工序9

　　2.7工艺、主要工序卡片12

3 空压机机身铣三斜面专用机床总体设计概述17

　　3.1机床总体设计17

　　　3.1.1 专用机床概述17

　　　3.1.2 机床设计应满足的要求17

　　3.2 机床设计方法18

　　3.3 机床设计步骤19

　　3.4 机床对部件设计的要求20

　　3.5 加工零件图的设计21

　　　3.5.1 被加工零件工序图的确定21

4 夹紧系统设计22

　　4.1 机床夹具概述22

　　　4.1.1 工件装夹的实质22

　　　4.1.2 机床夹具的功能22

　　　4.1.3 机床夹具要点22

　　4.2 夹具设计的主要依据23

　　4.3 本工序夹具主要达到的目的23

　　4.4 定位方案及定位基准的选择23

　　　4.4.1 工件的定位分析23

　　　4.4.2 工件定位方案及定位基准的选择24

　　　4.4.3 定位元件的选择24

　　4.5定位误差分析计算24

　　　4.5.1定位误差产生的原因24

　　　4.5.2定位误差的计算25

　　4.6夹紧方式及夹紧装置设计25

　　　4.6.2 夹压方向及夹压点选择26

　　　4.6.3 夹紧力的计算27

　　　4.6.4 具体结构设计27

　　4.7夹具体设计29

　　　4.7.1 对夹具体的要求29

　　　4.7.2 夹具体的结构设计29

　　　4.7.3 加工方案31

　　4.8夹具与机床的链接31

　　　4.8.1 对刀元件31

　　　4.8.2 夹具与机床的链接31

5 液压系统的设计33

　　5.1 对液压系统的要求33

　　5.2工件进给系统的计算33

　　　5.2.1 工况分析33

　　　5.2.2 液压缸的载荷组成与计算33

　　　5.2.3 液压缸的主要尺寸的确定34

　　5.3控制元件设计及液压系统图36

　　　5.3.1 流量控制设计36

　　　5.3.2 压力控制设计37

　　　5.3.3 能耗控制设计37

　　　5.3.4 拟定液压系统图37

　　5.4 元、辅件规格的选择38

　　　5.4.1 泵及驱动电机规格选择38

　　　5.4.2 元辅件的选定39

　　　5.4.3 结构配置设计39

　　　5.4.4 性能验算39

　　5.5 工进进给系统分析40

　　5.6 液压系统的调试与维修41

　　　5.6.1 液压系统的调试41

　　　5.6.2 液压系统的维修42

6 结论与展望43

　　6.1结论43

　　6.2不足之处及未来展望43

致谢44

参考文献45

2 压缩机机身铣三斜面加工工艺规程设计

2.1工艺方案的制定

　　　机械加工工艺规程是生产管理的重要技术文件，他直接影响零件的加工质量、成本及生产效率。机械加工工艺规程是指用机械加工的方法改变生产对象（毛坯）的形状、尺寸和表面质量，使其成为零件的过程。它决定零件的质量和性能，对产品的成本、生产周期都有较大的影响，是整个工艺过程的重要组成部分。工艺过程有若干工序组成，工序是最基本的组成单元。每个工序又可依次细分为安装、工位、工步和走刀。

　　　对于机器中的某一零件，可以采用不同的工艺完成。在特定条件下，总存在一种相对而言最为合理的工艺规程，将此工艺过程用工艺文件的形势加以规定，由此得到的工艺文件统称为工艺规程。工艺规程的内容因生产类型的不同而详略不一，批量越大，越详细具体。

　　　工艺规程生产准备、生产组织、计划调度的主要依据，是指导工人操作的主要技术文件，也是工厂和车间进行设计或技术改造的重要原始资料。工艺规程的制定必须严格按照规定的程序和格式进行，并随着技术进步和企业发展，定期修改完善。

　　　机械加工工艺规程的编制编制必须以下列原始资料为依据：产品装配图及零件工件图、有关产品质量验收标准、产品产量计划、产品零件毛坯生产技术水平、本厂现有生产设备和工人技术水平、外协条件、工艺设计和夹具设计手册和资料、国内外同类产品的参考工艺资料等。另外要求工艺工程师能深入现场了解情况。

2.2 产品图纸及结构分析

　　　灰铸铁是零件的材料，铸件应符合GB9439-88的规定。

　　　热处理：淬火+人工时效。

　　　最低抗拉强度为200MPa的灰铸铁也就是简称HT200。珠光体灰铸铁是在珠光体的基体上分布着均匀、细小的石墨片，其强度、硬度相对较高，常用于制造床身、机体等重要件需要进行人工时效处理。

　　　工作条件：1.承受较大应力； 2.承受摩擦面间的单位面积压力；3.气密性或耐弱腐蚀性介质存在。

　　　加工出的工件应避免有毛孔，砂眼，裂纹等缺陷，要求表面光滑，轮廓分明；铸件内表面涂防锈油漆。

　　　大孔、小孔有同轴度的要求，三斜面表面粗糙度要求Ra=3.2微米，孔的表面粗糙度为Ra=1.6微米。

　　　大孔的端面与中心轴线向垂直，垂直度公差值为0.05mm。

　　　三个斜面与中心轴线相平行，平行度公差值为0.05mm，三斜面的表面粗糙度为Ra=3.2微米。

生产纲领为年产量3000件，双班制生产。

空气压缩机机身铣三斜面专用机床夹紧液压系统设计.gif

内容简介：: 无无锡锡太太湖湖学学院院机机械械加加工工工工序序卡卡片片产产品品型型号号W1.0-10-01零零( (部部) )件件图图号号共共 7 页页产产品品名名称称空气压缩机零零( (部部) )件件名名称称曲轴箱第第 1 页页车车间间工工序序号号工工序序名名称称材材料料牌牌号号金工30铣底脚平面HT200毛毛坯坯种种类类毛毛坯坯外外形形尺尺寸寸每每坯坯件件数数每每台台件件数数铸件204*328*28811设设备备名名称称设设备备型型号号设设备备编编号号同同时时加加工工件件数数卧铣XA61321夹夹具具编编号号夹夹具具名名称称冷冷却却液液粗铣底脚夹具工工序序工工时时准准终终单单件件工工序序号号工工步步内内容容工工艺艺内内容容主主轴轴转转速速切切削削速速度度走走刀刀量量吃吃刀刀深深走走刀刀次次数数工工时时定定额额机机动动辅辅助助以曲轴大孔不加工面及端面定位，大孔内壁压紧1粗铣底脚至尺寸1600.1 YG634硬质合金刀片 300钢直尺150r/min94.2m/min3mm2.19 0.392精铣底脚，保证尺寸。YG634硬质合金刀片 300钢直尺235r/min147.6m/min1mm1.36 0.24检编编制制（日日期期）审审核核（日日期期）会会签签（日日期期）标标记记处处数数更更改改文文件件号号签签字字日日期期标标记记更更改改文文件件号号签签字字日日期期无无锡锡太太湖湖学学院院机机械械加加工工工工序序卡卡片片产产品品型型号号W1.0-10-01零零( (部部) )件件图图号号共共 7 页页产产品品名名称称空气压缩机零零( (部部) )件件名名称称曲轴箱第第 2 页页车车间间工工序序号号工工序序名名称称材材料料牌牌号号金工40粗、精铣大孔端面HT200毛毛坯坯种种类类毛毛坯坯外外形形尺尺寸寸每每坯坯件件数数每每台台件件数数铸件204*328*28811设设备备名名称称设设备备型型号号设设备备编编号号同同时时加加工工件件数数卧铣XA61321夹夹具具编编号号夹夹具具名名称称冷冷却却液液粗精铣端面夹具工工序序工工时时准准终终单单件件工工序序号号工步内容工艺内容主主轴轴转转速速切切削削速速度度走走刀刀量量吃吃刀刀深深走走刀刀次次数数工工时时定定额额机机动动辅辅助助以底脚和小孔定位，小孔压紧内壁1粗铣端面至尺寸790.1790.1，兼顾198，留余量2-3mmYG634硬质合金刀 300钢直尺118r/min 92.7m/min3mm2.95 0.532精铣端面，保证表面粗糙度Ra=3.2mYG634硬质合金刀 300钢直尺190r/min 149.2m/min1mm1.87 0.034检编编制制（日日期期）审审核核（日日期期）会会签签（日日期期）标标记记处处数数更更改改文文件件号号签签字字日日期期标标记记处处数数更更改改文文件件号号签签字字日日期期无无锡锡太太湖湖学学院院机机械械加加工工工工序序卡卡片片产产品品型型号号W1.0-10-01零零( (部部) )件件图图号号共共 7 页页产产品品名名称称空气压缩机零零( (部部) )件件名名称称曲轴箱第第 3 页页车车间间工工序序号号工工序序名名称称材材料料牌牌号号金工50镗大小孔HT200毛毛坯坯种种类类毛毛坯坯外外形形尺尺寸寸每每坯坯件件数数每每台台件件数数铸件204*328*28811设设备备名名称称设设备备型型号号设设备备编编号号同同时时加加工工件件数数镗床T681夹夹具具编编号号夹夹具具名名称称冷冷却却液液镗大小孔夹具工工序序工工时时准准终终单单件件工工序序号号工工步步内内容容工工艺艺内内容容主主轴轴转转速速切切削削速速度度走走刀刀量量吃吃刀刀深深走走刀刀次次数数工工时时定定额额机机动动辅辅助助以低脚平面定位，压紧底脚1镗大孔160至175 ,保证尺寸1200.1 YT6镗刀 200mm游标卡尺30r/min 16.5m/min7.5mm31.730.312镗小孔80至90 YT6镗刀 200mm游标卡尺80r/min 22.6m/min5mm21.680.33检编编制制（日日期期）审审核核（日日期期）会会签签（日日期期）标标记记处处数数更更改改文文件件号号签签字字日日期期标标记记处处数数更更改改文文件件号号签签字字日日期期无无锡锡太太湖湖学学院院机机械械加加工工工工序序卡卡片片产产品品型型号号W1.0-10-01零零( (部部) )件件图图号号共共 7 页页产产品品名名称称空气压缩机零零( (部部) )件件名名称称曲轴箱第第 4 页页车车间间工工序序号号工工序序名名称称材材料料牌牌号号金工60粗、精铣小孔端面HT200毛毛坯坯种种类类毛毛坯坯外外形形尺尺寸寸每每坯坯件件数数每每台台件件数数铸件204*328*28811设设备备名名称称设设备备型型号号设设备备编编号号同同时时加加工工件件数数卧铣XA61321夹夹具具编编号号夹夹具具名名称称冷冷却却液液粗精铣端面夹具工工序序工工时时准准终终单单件件工工序序号号工工步步内内容容工工艺艺内内容容主主轴轴转转速速切切削削速速度度走走刀刀量量吃吃刀刀深深走走刀刀次次数数工工时时定定额额机机动动辅辅助助以底脚和大孔端面定位，大孔压紧内壁1粗铣端面至尺寸198YG634硬质合金刀 300钢直尺190r/min 119.4m/min3mm1.27 0.232精铣端面，保证尺寸198YG634硬质合金刀 300钢直尺235r/min 147.7m/min1mm10.18检编编制制（日日期期）审审核核（日日期期）会会签签（日日期期）标标记记处处数数更更改改文文件件号号签签字字日日期期标标记记处处数数更更改改文文件件号号签签字字日日期期无无锡锡太太湖湖学学院院机机械械加加工工工工序序卡卡片片产产品品型型号号W1.0-10-01零零( (部部) )件件图图号号共共 7 页页产产品品名名称称空气压缩机零零( (部部) )件件名名称称曲轴箱第第 5 页页车车间间工工序序号号工工序序名名称称材材料料牌牌号号金工65粗铣三斜面HT200毛毛坯坯种种类类毛毛坯坯外外形形尺尺寸寸每每坯坯件件数数每每台台件件数数铸件204*328*28811设设备备名名称称设设备备型型号号设设备备编编号号同同时时加加工工件件数数卧铣XA61321夹夹具具编编号号夹夹具具名名称称冷冷却却液液斜面铣夹具工工序序工工时时准准终终单单件件工工序序号号工工步步内内容容工工艺艺内内容容主主轴轴转转速速切切削削速速度度走走刀刀量量吃吃刀刀深深走走刀刀次次数数工工时时定定额额机机动动辅辅助助以大孔和大孔端面定位，以底脚平面校三斜面角度1粗铣三斜面至尺寸121 ，保证相互角度60YG634硬质合金刀 300钢直尺190r/mn 119.4m/min3mm1.20.22检编编制制（日日期期）审审核核（日日期期）会会签签（日日期期）标标记记处处数数更更改改文文件件号号签签字字日日期期标标记记处处数数更更改改文文件件号号签签字字日日期期无无锡锡太太湖湖学学院院机机械械加加工工工工序序卡卡片片产产品品型型号号W1.0-10-01零零( (部部) )件件图图号号共共 7 页页产产品品名名称称空气压缩机零零( (部部) )件件名名称称曲轴箱第第 6 页页车车间间工工序序号号工工序序名名称称材材料料牌牌号号金工65精铣三斜面HT200毛毛坯坯种种类类毛毛坯坯外外形形尺尺寸寸每每坯坯件件数数每每台台件件数数铸件204*328*28811设设备备名名称称设设备备型型号号设设备备编编号号同同时时加加工工件件数数卧铣XA61321夹夹具具编编号号夹夹具具名名称称冷冷却却液液斜面铣夹具工工序序工工时时准准终终单单件件工工序序号号工工步步内内容容工工艺艺内内容容主主轴轴转转速速切切削削速速度度走走刀刀量量吃吃刀刀深深走走刀刀次次数数工工时时定定额额机机动动辅辅助助以大孔和大孔端面定位，以底脚平面校三斜面角度1 精铣三斜面至尺寸1200.1 ，保证相互角度60YG634硬质合金刀 300钢直尺235r/min 147.7m/min1mm0.95 0.17检将平面放置平板，22标准块为测量基准22标准块编编制制（日日期期）审审核核（日日期期）会会签签（日日期期）标标记记处处数数更更改改文文件件号号签签字字日日期期标标记记处处数数更更改改文文件件号号签签字字日日期期无无锡锡太太湖湖学学院院机机械械加加工工工工序序卡卡片片产产品品型型号号W1.0-10-01零零( (部部) )件件图图号号共共 7 页页产产品品名名称称空气压缩机零零( (部部) )件件名名称称曲轴箱第第 7 页页车车间间工工序序号号工工序序名名称称材材料料牌牌号号金工70镗三斜孔HT200毛毛坯坯种种类类毛毛坯坯外外形形尺尺寸寸每每坯坯件件数数每每台台件件数数铸件204*328*28811设设备备名名称称设设备备型型号号设设备备编编号号同同时时加加工工件件数数镗床T681夹夹具具编编号号夹夹具具名名称称冷冷却却液液斜面铣夹具工工序序工工时时准准终终单单件件工工序序号号工工步步内内容容工工艺艺内内容容主主轴轴转转速速切切削削速速度度走走刀刀量量吃吃刀刀深深走走刀刀次次数数工工时时定定额额机机动动辅辅助助以大孔和大孔端面定位，脚板平面辅助定位，用百分首先必须校正夹具表应校准孔平面。注意压板的方向1粗镗三斜孔至尺寸106.2 ，保证尺寸790.1和YT6镗刀 200mm游标卡尺60r/min19.8m/min2.5mm12.48 0.45200.12粗镗三斜孔至尺寸105 保证尺寸790.1和200.1YT6镗刀 200mm游标卡尺60r/min19.8m/min2.5mm12.48 0.45检编编制制（日日期期）审审核核（日日期期）会会签签（日日期期）标标记记处处数数更更改改文文件件号号签签字字日日期期标标记记处处数数更更改改文文件件号号签签字字日日期期无锡太湖学院机械加工工艺过程卡片产品型号W-1.0/7零(部)件图号 W1.0-10-01共 2 页产品名称空气压缩机零(部)件名称曲轴箱第 1 页材料牌号HT200毛坯种类铸件毛坯外形尺寸每毛坯件数1 每台件数 1 备注工序号工序名称工序内容车间工段设备工艺装备工时准终单件10检毛坯入厂检查质检1.铸件质量应符合GB9439-88灰铸铁的规定要求2.外观铸件无沙眼，气孔，裂纹等缺陷。20准备清砂处理1.喷丸至外表面无砂粒2.浸涂铁红防锈漆30铣以顶面定位,粗,精铣曲箱底脚平面.保证图纸要求,粗糙度6.3金工W1.0-742-0135钳以顶面定位上钻夹具,钻底脚孔保证图纸要求金工W1.0-732-0140铣以底脚定位,粗,精铣大孔端面,两平面,留余量2-3mm,保证粗糙度3.2金工50镗1.上专机,以底脚定位,镗大小孔,留余量0.2mm金工专机12.粗铰大小孔,按图纸尺寸留余量0.05-0.06mm3.精铰大小孔,保证图纸要求,保证粗糙度1.660铣1.以底脚定位,粗,精铣小孔端面,按图纸要求,保证两平面尺寸,保证粗糙度3.2金工2.粗,精铣油标凸台平面,保证图纸要求,保证粗糙度3.265铣以大孔,大孔端面定位,粗精铣三斜面,保证图纸要求,粗糙度3.2W1.0-742-0270镗以大孔,大孔端面定位,上专机,粗,精镗三斜孔,保证图纸要求,金工专机2等高块保证粗糙度3.280钳划线,找正油标凸台中心,放油孔中心金工编制（日期）审核（日期）会签（日期）标记处数更改文件号签字日期标记处数更改文件号签字日期无锡太湖学院机械加工工艺过程卡片产品型号W-1.0/7零(部)件图号 W1.0-10-01共 2 页产品名称空气压缩机零(部)件名称曲轴箱第 2 页材料牌号HT200毛坯种类铸件毛坯外形尺寸每毛坯件数1 每台件数 1 备注工序号工序名称工序内容车间工段设备工艺装备工时准终单件90钳1.钻放油孔金工2.刮平放油孔平面3.放油孔攻丝4.钻油标定位孔5.上油标夹具,钻,攻,油标孔通用夹具100钳以底脚定位,上斜角铁夹具,上钻模,钻,攻两斜面螺纹孔金工W1.0-732-02110钳1.划线,找正加油孔中心金工2.以底脚平面定位,上钻模,钻,攻顶面螺纹孔.3.钻,攻,加油孔,保证图纸要求,保证粗糙度6.3120钳以大孔及平面定位,上钻模,钻,攻两平面螺纹孔,孔的分布按图纸金工W1.0-732-03要求,保证粗糙度6.3130 辅助去毛刺,清洗,干燥金工140检入库检验(按图纸要求)质检编制（日期）审核（日期）会签（日期）标记处数更改文件号签字日期标记处数更改文件号签字日期无锡太湖学院信机系机械工程及自动化专业毕业设计论文任务书一、题目及专题：1、题目机体三斜面铣削专机设计 2、专题夹紧系统及控制系统设计二、课题来源及选题依据1、课题来源：力源压缩机制造公司（原第二压缩机厂） 2、曲箱材料 3、压缩机曲箱图纸 4、年产量3000件三、本设计（论文或其他）应达到的要求：1、部件设计总图 2、部件内零件图纸（图纸总量折合不少于3张0号图纸） 3、设计说明书一份（字数不少于10000字） 4、专业英语翻译（不少于10000字符）四、接受任务学生：机械97 班姓名沈靖雯五、开始及完成日期：自2012年11月12日至2013年5月25日六、设计（论文）指导（或顾问）：指导教师签名签名签名教研室主任学科组组长研究所所长签名系主任签名2012年11月12日英文原文Machine design theory The machine design is through designs the new product or improves the old product to meet the human need the application technical science. It involves the project technology each domain, mainly studies the product the size, the shape and the detailed structure basic idea, but also must study the product the personnel which in aspect the and so on manufacture, sale and use question.Carries on each kind of machine design work to be usually called designs the personnel or machine design engineer. The machine design is a creative work. Project engineer not only must have the creativity in the work, but also must in aspect and so on mechanical drawing, kinematics, engineerig material, materials mechanics and machine manufacture technology has the deep elementary knowledge. If front sues, the machine design goal is the production can meet the human need the product. The invention, the discovery and technical knowledge itself certainly not necessarily can bring the advantage to the humanity, only has when they are applied can produce on the product the benefit. Thus, should realize to carries on before the design in a specific product, must first determine whether the people do need this kind of productMust regard as the machine design is the machine design personnel carries on using creative ability the product design, the system analysis and a formulation product manufacture technology good opportunity. Grasps the project elementary knowledge to have to memorize some data and the formula is more important than. The merely service data and the formula is insufficient to the completely decision which makes in a good design needs. On the other hand, should be earnest precisely carries on all operations. For example, even if places wrong a decimal point position, also can cause the correct design to turn wrongly.A good design personnel should dare to propose the new idea, moreover is willing to undertake the certain risk, when the new method is not suitable, use original method. Therefore, designs the personnel to have to have to have the patience, because spends the time and the endeavor certainly cannot guarantee brings successfully. A brand-new design, the request screen abandons obsoletely many, knows very well the method for the people. Because many person of conservativeness, does this certainly is not an easy matter. A mechanical designer should unceasingly explore the improvement existing product the method, should earnestly choose originally, the process confirmation principle of design in this process, with has not unified it after the confirmation new idea. Newly designs itself can have the question occurrence which many flaws and has not been able to expect, only has after these flaws and the question are solved, can manifest new goods come into the market the product superiority. Therefore, a performance superior product is born at the same time, also is following a higher risk. Should emphasize, if designs itself does not request to use the brand-new method, is not unnecessary merely for the goal which transform to use the new method. In the design preliminary stage, should allow to design the personnel fully to display the creativity, not each kind of restraint. Even if has had many impractical ideas, also can in the design early time, namely in front of the plan blueprint is corrected. Only then, only then does not send to stops up the innovation the mentality. Usually, must propose several sets of design proposals, then perform the comparison. Has the possibility very much in the plan which finally designated, has used certain not in plan some ideas which accepts. How does the psychologist frequently discuss causes the machine which the people adapts them to operate. Designs personnels basic responsibility is diligently causes the machine to adapt the people. This certainly is not an easy work, because certainly does not have to all people to say in fact all is the most superior operating area and the operating process. Another important question, project engineer must be able to carry on the exchange and the consultation with other concerned personnel. In the initial stage, designs the personnel to have to carry on the exchange and the consultation on the preliminary design with the administrative personnel, and is approved. This generally is through the oral discussion, the schematic diagram and the writing material carries on. In order to carry on the effective exchange, needs to solve the following problem: (1) designs whether this product truly does need for the people? Whether there is competitive ability (2) does this product compare with other companies existing similar products? (3) produces this kind of product is whether economical? (4) product service is whether convenient? (5) product whether there is sale? Whether may gain?Only has the time to be able to produce the correct answer to above question. But, the product design, the manufacture and the sale only can in carry on to the above question preliminary affirmation answer foundation in. Project engineer also should through the detail drawing and the assembly drawing, carries on the consultation together with the branch of manufacture to the finally design proposal.Usually, can have some problem in the manufacture process. Possibly can request to some components size or the common difference makes some changes, causes the components the production to change easily. But, in the project change must have to pass through designs the personnel to authorize, guaranteed cannot damage the product the function. Sometimes, when in front of product assembly or in the packing foreign shipment experiment only then discovers in the design some kind of flaw. These instances exactly showed the design is a dynamic process. Always has a better method to complete the design work, designs the personnel to be supposed unceasingly diligently, seeks these better method. Recent year, the engineerig material choice already appeared importantly. In addition, the choice process should be to the material continuously the unceasing again appraisal process. The new material unceasingly appears, but some original materials can obtain the quantity possibly can reduce. The environmental pollution, material recycling aspect and so on use, workers health and security frequently can attach the new limiting condition to the choice of material. In order to reduce the weight or saves the energy, possibly can request the use different material. Comes from domestic and international competition, to product service maintenance convenience request enhancement and customers aspect the and so on feedback pressure, can urge the people to carry on to the material reappraises. Because the material does not select when created the product responsibility lawsuit, has already had the profound influence. In addition, the material and between the material processing interdependence is already known by the people clearly. Therefore, in order to can and guarantees the quality in the reasonable cost under the premise to obtain satisfaction the result, project engineer makes engineers all to have earnestly carefully to choose, the determination and the use material. Makes any product the first step of work all is designs. Designs usually may divide into several explicit stages: (a) preliminary design; (b) functional design; (c) production design. In the preliminary design stage, the designer emphatically considered the product should have function. Usually must conceive and consider several plans, then decided this kind of thought is whether feasible; If is feasible, then should makes the further improvement to or several plans. In this stage, the question which only must consider about the choice of material is: Whether has the performance to conform to the request material to be possible to supply the choice; If no, whether has a bigger assurance all permits in the cost and the time in the limit develops one kind of new material.In the functional design and the engineering design stage, needs to make a practical feasible design. Must draw up the quite complete blueprint in this stage, chooses and determines each kind of components the material. Usually must make the prototype or the working model, and carries on the experiment to it, the appraisal product function, the reliability, the outward appearance and the service maintenance and so on. Although this kind of experiment possibly can indicate, enters in the product to the production base in front of, should replace certain materials, but, absolutely cannot this point take not earnestly chooses the material the excuse. Should unify the product the function, earnestly carefully considers the product the outward appearance, the cost and the reliability. Has the achievement very much the company when manufacture all prototypes, selects the material should the material which uses with its production in be same, and uses the similar manufacture technology as far as possible. Like this has the advantage very much to the company. The function complete prototype if cannot act according to the anticipated sales volume economically to make, or is prototypical and the official production installment has in the quality and the reliable aspect is very greatly different, then this kind of prototype does not have the great value. Project engineer is best can completely complete the material in this stage the analysis, the choice and the determination work, but is not remains it to the production design stage does. Because, is carries on in the production design stage material replacement by other people, these people are inferior to project engineer to the product all functions understanding. I n the production design stage, is should completely determine with the material related main question the material, causes them to adapt with the existing equipment, can use the existing equipment economically to carry on the processing, moreover the material quantity can quite be easy to guarantee the supply. In the manufacture process, inevitably can appear to uses the material to make some changes the situation. The experience indicated that, may use certain cheap materials to take the substitute. However, in the majority situation, in will carry on the production later to change the material to have in to start before the production to change the price which the material will spend to have to be higher than. Completes the choice of material work in the design stage, may avoid the most such situations. Started after the production manufacture to appear has been possible to supply the use the new material is replaces the material the most common reason. Certainly, these new materials possibly reduce the cost, the improvement product performance. But, must carry on the earnest appraisal to the new material, guarantees its all performance all to answer the purpose. Must remember that, the new material performance and the reliable very few pictures materials on hand such understood for the people. The majority of products expiration and the product accident caused by negligence case is because in selects the new material to take in front of substitution material, not truly understood their long-term operational performance causes. The product responsibility lawsuit forces designs the personnel and the company when the choice material, uses the best procedure. In the material process, five most common questions are: (a) did not understand or cannot use about the material application aspect most newly the best information paper; (b) has not been able to foresee and to consider the dusk year possible reasonable use (for example to have the possibility, designs the personnel also to be supposed further to forecast and the consideration because product application method not when creates consequence. ecent years many products responsibilities lawsuit case, because wrongly uses the plaintiff which the product receives the injury to accuse produces the factory, and wins the decision); (c) uses the material data not entire perhaps some data are indefinite, works as its long-term performance data is the like this time in particular; (d) the quality control method is not suitable and not after the confirmation; (e) the personnel which completely is not competent for the post by some chooses the material. Through to the above five questions analysis, may obtain these questions is does not have the sufficient reason existence the conclusion. May for avoid these questions to these questions research analyses the appearance indicating the direction. Although uses the best choice of material method not to be able to avoid having the product responsibility lawsuit, designs the personnel and the industry carries on the choice of material according to the suitable procedure, may greatly reduce the lawsuit the quantity. May see from the above discussion, the choice material people should to the material nature, the characteristic and the processing method have comprehensive and the basic understanding.中文译文机械设计理论机械设计是一门通过设计新产品或者改进老产品来满足人类需求的应用技术科学。它涉及工程技术的各个领域，主要研究产品的尺寸、形状和详细结构的基本构思，还要研究产品在制造、销售和使用等方面的问题。进行各种机械设计工作的人员通常被称为设计人员或者机械设计工程师。机械设计是一项创造性的工作。设计工程师不仅在工作上要有创造性，还必须在机械制图、运动学、工程材料、材料力学和机械制造工艺学等方面具有深厚的基础知识。如前所诉，机械设计的目的是生产能够满足人类需求的产品。发明、发现和科技知识本身并不一定能给人类带来好处，只有当它们被应用在产品上才能产生效益。因而，应该认识到在一个特定的产品进行设计之前，必须先确定人们是否需要这种产品。应当把机械设计看成是机械设计人员运用创造性的才能进行产品设计、系统分析和制定产品的制造工艺学的一个良机。掌握工程基础知识要比熟记一些数据和公式更为重要。仅仅使用数据和公式是不足以在一个好的设计中做出所需的全部决定的。另一方面，应该认真精确的进行所有运算。例如，即使将一个小数点的位置放错，也会使正确的设计变成错误的。一个好的设计人员应该勇于提出新的想法，而且愿意承担一定的风险，当新的方法不适用时，就使用原来的方法。因此，设计人员必须要有耐心，因为所花费的时间和努力并不能保证带来成功。一个全新的设计，要求屏弃许多陈旧的，为人们所熟知的方法。由于许多人墨守成规，这样做并不是一件容易的事。一位机械设计师应该不断地探索改进现有的产品的方法，在此过程中应该认真选择原有的、经过验证的设计原理，将其与未经过验证的新观念结合起来。新设计本身会有许多缺陷和未能预料的问题发生，只有当这些缺陷和问题被解决之后，才能体现出新产品的优越性。因此，一个性能优越的产品诞生的同时，也伴随着较高的风险。应该强调的是，如果设计本身不要求采用全新的方法，就没有必要仅仅为了变革的目的而采用新方法。在设计的初始阶段，应该允许设计人员充分发挥创造性，不受各种约束。即使产生了许多不切实际的想法，也会在设计的早期，即绘制图纸之前被改正掉。只有这样，才不致于堵塞创新的思路。通常，要提出几套设计方案，然后加以比较。很有可能在最后选定的方案中，采用了某些未被接受的方案中的一些想法。心理学家经常谈论如何使人们适应他们所操作的机器。设计人员的基本职责是努力使机器来适应人们。这并不是一项容易的工作，因为实际上并不存在着一个对所有人来说都是最优的操作范围和操作过程。另一个重要问题，设计工程师必须能够同其他有关

温馨提示:
1: 本站所有资源如无特殊说明，都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
2: 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等，如果需要附件，请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
3.本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸，网页内容里面会有图纸预览，若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间，仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理，对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑，并不能对任何下载内容负责。
6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容，请与我们联系，我们立即纠正。
7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。

人人文库网所有资源均是用户自行上传分享，仅供网友学习交流，未经上传用户书面授权，请勿作他用。