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摘要

　　　冲压模具的工作原理主要是根据零件的外形及工艺要求选用合适的凸模和凹模将板料分离或成形而得到所需制件。因为模具主要用于工件的大批量生产，而且模具需要保证冲压产品的尺寸精度和产品质量，所以要考虑模具的设计能否满足工件的工艺性，能否加工出合格的零件，以及后来的维修和存放是否合理等。本次设计中不仅要确保设计的模具做出的零件能满足工作要求、模具要有足够的使用寿命，还要考虑到它的实际工作环境和必须完成的设计任务。根据一系列的分析、设计、查表、计算，最终确定模具的模架采用对角型模架，凸模凹模采用分别加工法，这样可以采用线切割等数控设备来一次完成全部的工序加工。卸料方式采用弹性卸料，排样方式采用有废料斜排的方式以及采用级进冲压。

关键词：落料；翻边；冲孔；级进模

摘要III

AbstractIV

目录V

1 绪论1

1.1 本课题的研究内容和意义1

1.2 国内外的发展概况1

1.3 本课题应达到的要求1

2 工艺性分析和工艺方案的确定3

2.1零件图3

2.2零件的工艺性分析3

2.3模具材料的选用4

2.3.1冷冲模材料的选用要求4

2.3.2材料的选择原则4

2.4冲裁工艺方案的确定4

2.5排样5

2.5.1排样方法5

2.5.2搭边值与条料宽度及工位的确定6

3 设计计算9

3.1 翻边力的计算9

3.1.1 预冲孔大小的确定9

3.1.2 翻边系数9

3.2 冲裁力的计算10

3.3 卸料力、推件力、顶出力的计算11

3.4 冲压力的计算12

3.5 冲模压力中心的确定12

3.6 冲压设备的确定14

4 结构设计16

4.1凹模凸模设计16

4.1.1 凸、凹模分别加工时的计算法16

4.1.2 凸、凹模配作加工时的计算方法21

4.2定位方式的选择24

4.2.1 浮升两用销24

4.2.2 引导销25

4.3卸料、出件方式的选择27

4.4 模架及零件27

4.5其余零部件的选择与尺寸的确定29

5 总结和展望33

5.1 结论33

5.2 不足之处及未来展望33

致谢34

参考文献35

1 绪论

1.1 本课题的研究内容和意义

　　　本课题研究对锁芯套零件的连续模设计，其中包括冲压工艺、排样方案、模具结构分析等方面，通过平时的学习和专业老师的精心指导以及查阅大量资料，从而进行的模具设计。

　　　首先，要对零件的工艺进行分析，课题的锁芯套零件的方按，采用先冲孔、再预剪、之后翻边，最后落料的工艺。其次，是对零件的排样方按的设定，通过计算，选择最优的排样方按。之后，则是对冲压凹凸模的设计计算，合理的冲裁间隙关系着冲裁模的冲裁质量和冲裁模具本身的寿命，也是模具设计中较为重要的一个环节。最后是模架和压力机的选用。

　　　模具是机械工程及其自动化专业的一个专业方向，选择模具方向的毕业设计题目完全符合本专业的要求，从应用性方面来说，模具又是生产效率极高的工具之一，能有效保证产品一致性和可更换性，具有很好的发展前途和应用前景。连续模在模具中技术含量高，制造、装配难度大，因此本课题研究连续模的冲压工艺、排样方案、模具结构分析等方面，同时要求学生要有良好的心理素质和仔细认真的作风，对学生也是一次很好的锻炼机会。

1.2 国内外的发展概况

　　　随着电子、信息等高新技术的不断发展，模具CAD/CAE/CAM正向集成化、三维化、智能化和网络化方向发展。模具CAD/CAE/CAM技术是模具设计、制造技术的发展方向，模具和工件的检测数字、模具软件功能集成化、模具设计、分析及制造的三维化、模具产业的逆向工程以及模具软件应用的网络化是主趋势。　　　3.发展多功能模具为了提高效率和保证制品的质量，要采用多工位级进模及具有组合功能的双色，多色塑料注射模等。

　　　4.发展高寿命模具高效率必然需要高寿命，为了达到高寿命，除模具本身结构优化外，还要对材料的选用和热处理，表面强化技术予以开发和创新。

　　　5.发展高精度模具要实现模具的高精度，在模具的设计与加工中必然要使用高精度加工设备和高技术加工工艺。要进一步发展数控机床和加工中心的使用，要发展CAD/CAE/CIM等高新技术。

　　　目前，我国的模具工业与国外发达国家相比，精密加工设备在模具加工设备中的比重还比较低，CAD/CAE/CAM技术的普及度不高，许多先进技术应用还不够广泛，特别是在大型，精密，复杂和长寿命模具技术上存在着明显的差距。

1.3 本课题应达到的要求

　　　综合应用各种所学的专业知识，在规定的时间内对产品进行冷冲压工艺分析，制订完整的冲压工艺方案，并完成整副模具设计、数据计算和图纸（所有图纸折合A0不少于2.5张）绘制，具体内容如下：

　　　1．完成模具装配图：1张（A0或A1）；

　　　2．零件图：主要是非标准件零件图（不少于5张）；

　　　3．冷冲压工艺卡片：1张；

　　　4．设计说明书：1份（15000字以上，其中参考文献不少于10篇，外文不少于5篇）；

　　　5．翻译8000以上外文印刷字符，折合中文字数约5000字的有关技术资料或专业文献，内容要尽量结合课题。

QQ截图20131129135806.gif

锁芯套冷冲压工艺及级进模设计.gif

内容简介：: 英文原文Categories of stamping formingMany deformation processes can be done by stamping, the basic processes of the stamping can be divided into two kinds: cutting and forming.Cutting is a shearing process that one part of the blank is cut form the other .It mainly includes blanking, punching, trimming, parting and shaving, where punching and blanking are the most widely used. Forming is a process that one part of the blank has some displacement form the other. It mainly includes deep drawing, bending, local forming, bulging, flanging, necking, sizing and spinning.In substance, stamping forming is such that the plastic deformation occurs in the deformation zone of the stamping blank caused by the external force. The stress state and deformation characteristic of the deformation zone are the basic factors to decide the properties of the stamping forming. Based on the stress state and deformation characteristics of the deformation zone, the forming methods can be divided into several categories with the same forming properties and to be studied systematically.The deformation zone in almost all types of stamping forming is in the plane stress state. Usually there is no force or only small force applied on the blank surface. When it is assumed that the stress perpendicular to the blank surface equal to zero, two principal stresses perpendicular to each other and act on the blank surface produce the plastic deformation of the material. Due to the small thickness of the blank, it is assumed approximately that the two principal stresses distribute uniformly along the thickness direction. Based on this analysis, the stress state and the deformation characteristics of the deformation zone in all kind of stamping forming can be denoted by the point in the coordinates of the plane principal stress(diagram of the stamping stress) and the coordinates of the corresponding plane principal stains (diagram of the stamping strain). The different points in the figures of the stamping stress and strain possess different stress state and deformation characteristics.(1)When the deformation zone of the stamping blank is subjected toplanetensile stresses, it can be divided into two cases, that is 0,t=0and 0,t=0.In both cases, the stress with the maximum absolute value is always a tensile stress. These two cases are analyzed respectively as follows.2)In the case that 0andt=0, according to the integral theory, the relationships between stresses and strains are: /（-m）=/（-m）=t/（t -m）=k 1.1where, ，t are the principal strains of the radial, tangential and thickness directions of the axial symmetrical stamping forming; ，and tare the principal stresses of the radial, tangential and thickness directions of the axial symmetrical stamping forming;m is the average stress,m=（+t）/3; k is a constant.In plane stress state, Equation 1.1 3/（2-）=3/（2-t）=3t/-（t+）=k 1.2Since 0,so 2-0 and 0.It indicates that in plane stress state with two axial tensile stresses, if the tensile stress with the maximum absolute value is , the principal strain in this direction must be positive, that is, the deformation belongs to tensile forming.In addition, because 0，therefore -（t+）0 and t2,0；and when 0.The range of is =0 . In the equibiaxial tensile stress state = ，according to Equation 1.2,=0 and t 0 and t=0, according to Equation 1.2 , 2 0 and 0,This result shows that for the plane stress state with two tensile stresses, when the absoluste value of is the strain in this direction must be positive, that is, it must be in the state of tensile forming.Also because0，therefore -（t+）0 and t,0;and when 0.The range of is = =0 .When =,=0, that is, in equibiaxial tensile stress state, the tensile deformation with the same values occurs in the two tensile stress directions; when =0, =- /2, that is, in uniaxial tensile stress state, the deformation characteristic in this case is the same as that of the ordinary uniaxial tensile.This kind of deformation is in the region AON of the diagram of the stamping strain (see Fig.1.1), and in the region GOH of the diagram of the stamping stress (see Fig.1.2). Between above two cases of stamping deformation, the properties ofand, and the deformation caused by them are the same, only the direction of the maximum stress is different. These two deformations are same for isotropic homogeneous material.(1)When the deformation zone of stamping blank is subjected to two compressive stressesand(t=0), it can also be divided into two cases, which are 0,t=0 and 0,t=0. 1）When 0 and t=0, according to Equation 1.2, 2-0与=0.This result shows that in the plane stress state with two compressive stresses, if the stress with the maximum absolute value is 0, the strain in this direction must be negative, that is, in the state of compressive forming.Also because 0 and t0.The strain in the thickness direction of the blankt is positive, and the thickness increases.The deformation condition in the tangential direction depends on the values of and .When =2,=0;when 2,0;and when 0.The range of is 0.When =,it is in equibiaxial tensile stress state, hence=0; when =0,it is in uniaxial tensile stress state, hence =-/2.This kind of deformation condition is in the region EOG of the diagram of the stamping strain (see Fig.1.1), and in the region COD of the diagram of the stamping stress (see Fig.1.2).2）When 0and t=0, according to Equation 1.2,2- 0 and 0. This result shows that in the plane stress state with two compressive stresses, if the stress with the maximum absolute value is , the strain in this direction must be negative, that is, in the state of compressive forming.Also because 0 and t0.The strain in the thickness direction of the blankt is positive, and the thickness increases.The deformation condition in the radial direction depends on the values of and . When =2, =0; when 2,0; and when 0.The range of is = =0 . When = , it is in equibiaxial tensile stress state, hence =0.This kind of deformation is in the region GOL of the diagram of the stamping strain (see Fig.1.1), and in the region DOE of the diagram of the stamping stress (see Fig.1.2).(3) The deformation zone of the stamping blank is subjected to two stresses with opposite signs, and the absolute value of the tensile stress is larger than that of the compressive stress. There exist two cases to be analyzed as follow: 1)When 0, |, according to Equation 1.2, 2-0 and 0.This result shows that in the plane stress state with opposite signs, if the stress with the maximum absolute value is tensile, the strain in the maximum stress direction is positive, that is, in the state of tensile forming.Also because 0, |, therefore =-. When =-, then 0,0,0, |, according to Equation 1.2, bymeans of the same analysis mentioned above, 0, that is, the deformation zone is in the plane stress state with opposite signs. If the stress with the maximum absolute value is tensile stress , the strain in this direction is positive, that is, in the state of tensile forming. The strain in the radial direction is negative （=-. When =-, then 0, 0, 0,|, according to Equation 1.2, 2- 0 and 0 and 0, therefore 2- 0. The strain in the tensile stress direction is positive, or in the state of tensile forming.The range of is 0=-.When =-, then 0,0,0, |, according to Equation 1.2 and by means of the same analysis mentioned above,=-.When =-, then 0, 0, 0,0 AONGOH+ +TensileAOCAOH+ +TensileBiaxial compressive stress state0,0 EOGCOD Compressive0,| MONFOG+ +Tensile|LOMEOF CompressiveState of stress with opposite signs0,|CODAOB+ +Tensile| |DOEBOC CompressiveTable 1.1 Comparison between states of stress and strain in stamping Table 1.2 Comparison between tensile and compressive formingItem Tensile forming Compressive formingRepresentation of the quality problem in the deformation zoneFracture in the deformation zone due to excessive deformationInstability wrinkle caused by compressive stressForming limit1 Mainly depends on the plasticity of the material, and is irrelevant to the thickness2 Can be estimated by extensibility or the forming limit DLF1 Mainly depends on the loading capability in the force transferring zone 2 Depends on the anti-instability capability3 Has certain relationship to the blank thicknessVariation of the blank thickness in the deformation zone Thinning ThickeningMethods to improve forming limit1 Improve the plasticity of the material2 Decrease local deformation, and increase deformation uniformity3 Adopt an intermediate heat treatment process1 Adopt multi-pass forming process 2 Change the mechanics relationship between the force transferring and deformation zones3 Adopt anti-wrinkle measuresFig.1.1 Diagram of stamping strain Fig.1.2 Diagram of stamping stress Fig.1.3 Examples for systematic research methods中文译文冲压变形冲压变形工艺可完成多种工序，其基本工序可分为分离工序和变形工序两大类。分离工序是使坯料的一部分与另一部分相互分离的工艺方法，主要有落料、冲孔、切边、剖切、修整等。其中有以冲孔、落料应用最广。变形工序是使坯料的一部分相对另一部分产生位移而不破裂的工艺方法，主要有拉深、弯曲、局部成形、胀形、翻边、缩径、校形、旋压等。从本质上看，冲压成形就是毛坯的变形区在外力的作用下产生相应的塑性变形，所以变形区的应力状态和变形性质是决定冲压成形性质的基本因素。因此，根据变形区应力状态和变形特点进行的冲压成形分类，可以把成形性质相同的成形方法概括成同一个类型并进行系统化的研究。绝大多数冲压成形时毛坯变形区均处于平面应力状态。通常认为在板材表面上不受外力的作用，即使有外力作用，其数值也是较小的，所以可以认为垂直于板面方向的应力为零，使板材毛坯产生塑性变形的是作用于板面方向上相互垂直的两个主应力。由于板厚较小，通常都近似地认为这两个主应力在厚度方向上是均匀分布的。基于这样的分析，可以把各种形式冲压成形中的毛坯变形区的受力状态与变形特点，在平面应力的应力坐标系中(冲压应力图)与相应的两向应变坐标系中(冲压应变图)以应力与应变坐标决定的位置来表示。也就是说，冲压应力图与冲压应变图中的不同位置都代表着不同的受力情况与变形特点(1)冲压毛坯变形区受两向拉应力作用时，可以分为两种情况：即0t=0和 0，t=0。再这两种情况下，绝对值最大的应力都是拉应力。以下对这两种情况进行分析。1)当0且t=0时，安全量理论可以写出如下应力与应变的关系式：(1-1) /（-m）=/（-m）=t/（t -m）=k 式中，t分别是轴对称冲压成形时的径向主应变、切向主应变和厚度方向上的主应变；，t分别是轴对称冲压成形时的径向主应力、切向主应力和厚度方向上的主应力；m平均应力，m=（+t）/3； k常数。在平面应力状态，式（11）具有如下形式：3/（2-）=3/（2-t）=3t/-（t+）=k （12）因为0，所以必定有2-0与0。这个结果表明：在两向拉应力的平面应力状态时，如果绝对值最大拉应力是，则在这个方向上的主应变一定是正应变，即是伸长变形。又因为0，所以必定有-（t+）0与t2时，0；当 0。的变化范围是 =0 。在双向等拉力状态时，= ，有式（12）得 =0 及 t 0且t=0时，有式（12）可知：因为 0，所以（2）定有2 0与0。这个结果表明：对于两向拉应力的平面应力状态，当的绝对值最大时，则在这个方向上的应变一定时正的，即一定是伸长变形。又因为0，所以必定有-（t+）0与t，0；当 0。的变化范围是 = =0 。当= 时，=0，也就是在双向等拉力状态下，在两个拉应力方向上产生数值相同的伸长变形；在受单向拉应力状态时，当=0时，=- /2，也就是说，在受单向拉应力状态下其变形性质与一般的简单拉伸是完全一样的。这种变形与受力情况，处于冲压应变图中的AOC范围内（见图11）；而在冲压应力图中则处于AOH范围内（见图12）。上述两种冲压情况，仅在最大应力的方向上不同，而两个应力的性质以及它们引起的变形都是一样的。因此，对于各向同性的均质材料，这两种变形是完全相同的。(1)冲压毛坯变形区受两向压应力的作用，这种变形也分两种情况分析，即t=0和 0，t=0。 1）当0且t=0时，有式（12）可知：因为0，一定有2-0与0。这个结果表明：在两向压应力的平面应力状态时，如果绝对值最大拉应力是0，则在这个方向上的主应变一定是负应变，即是压缩变形。又因为0与t0，即在板料厚度方向上的应变是正的，板料增厚。在方向上的变形取决于与的数值：

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