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1 / 23 外贸信函的类型 1外贸信函的概念 商贸英文书信在我国又称为外贸书信,它是指外贸公司及其人员在对外贸易活动中,与涉外企业及其人员之间相互往来的以商贸交往为内容的各种英文信件。广义上的商贸英文书信还包括电报、电传、明信片以及各种商务报告书、广告词等。商贸英文书信是外贸交往的重要工具,外贸人员不仅要懂得外贸英语,而且必须善于运用外贸英文与贸易伙伴进行书信交流。 与普通信件相比,商贸英文书信有其特殊的格式、固定的商业术语和特定的商业习惯用语。由于东西方文化的差异,它与中文书信在形 式和内容上也都有很大的不同。因此,要写好商贸英文书信,除了要求撰写人精通英语,具有较高的商贸专业水平和政策、法律水平以外,还必须认真研究商贸英文书信的写作特点和技巧,即信封的写法和信内的信头、收信人名址、称呼、正文、结尾、签名等几大部分 2外贸信函的分类 外贸信函从功能、用途上可分为:建立商贸关系、寻求代理、查询信用、推销产品、询问报价、订购货物等数种 3外贸信函的结构 信封。信封一定要写得准确、整洁,是写信封的基2 / 23 本要求。但英语和汉语在地址的写法上是截然不 同的。 英文信封的基本格式是: THE TENTH NATIONAL BANK, Stamp 101 Wall Street, NEW YORK 5 N Y, U S via air mail Mr Liming, No 363, Renmin Road, Chong Qing, 630000 China 这是英文信封的通常写法。按照中文习惯,则是这样的: 630000 中国重庆人民路 363 号: 贴 邮票 李 明 先生 收 美国纽约市第 5 邮区华尔街 101 号第 10 国民银行寄 由上例可见,英文和中文信封写法的最明显的区别,是收寄信人的先后排列不同。英文信封是先在左上角写上寄信人的名址,在信封正中写上收信人名址。在名址的排列顺序上,是先写收信人的姓名,第二行写住址的门牌号、街名,第三行写城镇名称及所在地区的邮政区码,第四行写州名、3 / 23 国家名称。我们所熟悉的汉语信封写法和这就大不一样了。需要注意的是,我国由国内发往国外的信件,邮电部门规定有统一的外函信封。其要求是,信封的正面写收信人名址,背面写寄信人名址。收信人名址应用英文书写,寄信人名址除国名用英文书写外,均用中文书写。 信头。商贸英文书信与中文书信不同的一个特点是,在信纸的开头必须首先写上信头,即寄信人的名址和写信日期。而在中文信件中,这一部分是放在书信的末尾的。这是英文书信的固定格式。通常,信头写在信纸的右上角,先写寄信人名址,再写写信日期。但也有写在信纸正上方和左上角的。如: 例一: 150 Kensington Road Brooklyn, New York 12, N Y June 10 1985 例二: Established 1900 TELEPHONE: CHICAGO ENVELOPE COMPANY CABLE ADDRE SS: CALUMET 4251 2901-2917 INDIANA AVENUE ENVELOPE CHICAGO Ref No CHICAGO, ILLINOIS CODES USED: 4 / 23 March 16 1982 ALL CODES RENTLEY S PRE FERRED 注:实例中央上面 Established 1900 是指该公司创立于 1900 年。因公司的历史悠久,可证明公司的信用良好,所以常常被采用。中间大写的是公司名称“芝加哥信封公司”和公司所在地“伊利诺斯州,芝加哥市印地安街 2901-2917号”。左边的细小字是电话号码, Ref No 是“信件编号”,其用途是便于索引,按此号码可将信件归案存档,因而又可称为“索引号码”。右边的细小字电报挂号,用于发收电报。这个公司只有“ ENVELOPE CHICAGO”二个字就够了,其手续费和电报费均能节省。即“使用电讯密码簿”。即“在所有密码簿中,请选用密码簿”。 例三: 17 Philpot Lane, London, E C 3, 25 April, 1991 写信头还需要注意的一点是,在写日期时,要区分开英国习惯和美国习惯。如 1995 年 5 月 2 日,按英国习惯,应写为“ 2ndMay, 1995”按美国习惯是“ May 2, 1995”。 收信人名址。与信封上的收信人地址相同,一般写在信纸的左上部,即在寄 信日期下隔二行起写。如: Messrs Allen SonPty, Ltd, 155, Flinders Lane, 5 / 23 Melbourne, C 1 Australia March 16, 1991 Messrs Smith James, Inc 500 Nort on Bldg Seattle 4, Wash U S A 写收信人地址特别要注意的是,不仅要详细,而且必须按照收信人自 身所固定的写法来写,不能随意改变,因为职业、职位不同,以及在不同的国家,其头衔、区域的写法是完全不一样的。 称呼。商贸英文书信称呼的写法与中文信件的写法也是不一样的。这里所指的称呼,相当于中文书信“敬启者”,例如: Dear Sir Dear sirs, Dear Madam, Dear Ladies, Gentlemen: Dear Mesdames, Dear Sir and Madam, Ladies and Gentlemen: 在不同的信件中 ,称呼是多种多样的,但最常见的不外是 Gentlemen 和 Dear sirs 二种。可见,在商贸英文书信的称呼中,由于在“称呼”前已专门有收信人名址 一栏,所以一般不再写收信人的姓名,通常就写 Dear sirs 或 Gentlemen 即可。只有在双方关系较为密切时,才加6 / 23 上人名,如 Dear Mr Small。在这里, Dear Sirs 就相当于中文信件的“敬启者”之类的礼节性用语,是公文中常用的,不宜直译为“亲爱的先生”。另外,由于英、美习惯的不同,还要注意在“ Dear Sirs”之后,通常用“,”号,而美国 式“ Gentlemen”之后,则应用“:”号。 正文。这是一封信的核心部分。写作要求是要做到五个“ C”,即礼貌、简洁、明了、正确和完整,以准确表达自己的商贸意图。正文应从称呼下一行开始写,信纸在左右两边都要留约一寸宽的空白,以保持书信应有的齐整格式。同时,一封信要按内容分成几段,不要把一封长信写成单独的一段。为了明确起见,商贸英文书信常将各段加上编号或以每段之间加空行来分隔。但要特别注意的是,商贸英文书信原则上应符合“一事一信”的要求,即一封信原则上只谈一件事或主要只谈一件事,不要把几件事放在一 信内叙述,以利于所谈事情能及时得到处理。 结束语。是指在正文之后,签名之前所使用的客套用语,一般在正文最后一行的下一行或空一行书写。常用的客套语是: Yours truly, Yours sincerelyYours faithfully,等等。 在需要特别礼貌或带有特殊的官方性质的信件中,还可用 Yours most Cordially 或 Yours respectfully 等。 签名。是指写信人在书信的末尾用钢笔签上个人名7 / 23 字或公司名称,相当于我国的签字盖章。在商贸英文书信中,签名通常要占三至四行,第一行常用作公司名称,全部要用大写;第二行用于个人签字,通常是既有签名,又有打印名,以便易于辨认签名;第三行常用于签名人的头衔。例如: Yours truly, FIDELITY TRADING CO ING H B Haslehurst General Manager Very truly yours, I T INPORMATION Director h ose M Net Very truly yours, UNITED EXPORTERS COMPANY Max de Hes Very truly yours, LEWERS COOKE, LIMITED E W Twelmeyer Purchasing Department Very truly yours, STERN, MCRGENTHAU CO, INC Edward N Megay Machinery Division 8 / 23 在商贸英文书信中,即使是对认识的收信人,也要签上全名,即使信是打印的,也要亲 自签名。在签名后打印上写信人的职务是很重要的,这是告诉对方你有处理信中所谈事务的权威。 商贸英文书信除了信头、收信人名址、称呼、正文、结束语和签名外,有的信还要注明收发信编号,载入特别注意事项,如注意事项或特别指定阅信人、书信主题、附言和附件等,都有其固定的位置。如下图: 发文编号 收文编 号 信头 日期 收信人名址 特别指定阅信人 称 呼 书信主题 正 文 结 尾 签 名 附 件 例一: 150 Kensington Road Brooklyn, New York 12, N Y 9 / 23 June 10 1985 例二: Established 1900 TELEPHONE: CHICAGO ENVELOPE COMPANY CABLE ADDRE SS: CALUMET 4251 2901-2917 INDIANA AVENUE ENVELOPE CHICAGO Ref No CHICAGO, ILLINOIS CODES USED: March 16 1982 ALL CODES RENTLEY S PRE FERRED 注:实例中央上面 Established 1900 是指该公司创立于 1900 年。因公司的历史悠久,可证明公司的信用良好,所以常常被采用。中间大写的是公司名称“芝加哥信封公司”和公司所在地“伊利诺斯州, 芝加哥市印地安街 2901-2917号”。左边的细小字是电话号码, Ref No 是“信件编号”,其用途是便于索引,按此号码可将信件归案存档,因而又可称为“索引号码”。右边的细小字电报挂号,用于发收电报。这个公司只有“ ENVELOPE CHICAGO”二个字就够了,其手续费和电报费均能节省。即“使用电讯密码簿”。即“在所有密码簿中,请选用密码簿”。 例三: 17 Philpot Lane, London, E C 3, 10 / 23 25 April, 1991 写信头还需要注意的一 点是,在写日期时,要区分开英国习惯和美国习惯。如 1995 年 5 月 2 日,按英国习惯,应写为“ 2ndMay, 1995”按美国习惯是“ May 2, 1995”。 收信人名址。与信封上的收信人地址相同,一般写在信纸的左上部,即在寄信日期下隔二行起写。如: Messrs Allen SonPty, Ltd, 155, Flinders Lane, Melbourne, C 1 Australia March 16, 1991 Messrs Smith James, Inc 500 Nort on Bldg Seattle 4, Wash U S A 英文信封的基本格式是: THE TENTH NATIONAL BANK, Stamp 101 Wall Street, NEW YORK 5 N Y, U S via air mail Mr Liming, No 363, Renmin Road, 11 / 23 Chong Qing, 630000 China 这是英文信封的通常写法。按照中文习惯,则是这样的: 630000 中国重庆人民路 363 号: 贴 邮票 李 明 先生 收 美国纽约市第 5 邮区华尔街 101 号第 10 国民银行寄 4外贸信函的实例 寻求建立商贸关系信函 Dear Sirs, A few days ago we had the opportunity to see a display If your products at the Chengdu International Trade Centre, and we were most impressed with their quality and low prices We should like to offer you our services as a trading firm, and would mention that we have excellent connections in the trade and are fully experienced with the import business for this type of product In addition, we operate our own advertising agency, and we can use the latest marketing procedures 12 / 23 quite efficently You can be sure of increasing your turnover consid-erably if you would allow us to promote sales of your products throughout China We look forward to hearing from you Yours sincerely, 中文对照 敬启者: 日前参观贵公司在成都国际展览中心展出的产品时,由于贵公司产品价廉物美,给我留下了深刻的印象。 作为贸易公司,我方非常愿意为贵公司提供服务。在贸易方面,我们有良好的关系,对此类 产品进口业务更具有丰富的经验。 另外,我公司拥有自己的广告公司,善于运用最新的营销手段促销。如果愿给予我方贵公司产品在中国大陆的销售权,我方可以保证,贵公司的营业额可大量增加。 七种常见类型外贸业务员英文书信模板 1. 主动跟新买家建立联系 Dear Mr. Jones: We understand from your information posted on that you are in the market for textiles. We would like to take this opportunity to introduce our company and products, with the hope that we may work with Bright 13 / 23 Ideas Imports in the future. We are a joint venture specializing in the manufacture and export of textiles. We have enclosed our catalog, which introduces our company in detail and covers the main products we supply at present. You may also visit our online company introduction at Http:/ which includes our latest product line. Should any of these items be of interest to you, please let us know. We will be happy to give you a quotation upon receipt of your detailed requirements. We look forward to receiving your enquires soon. Sincerely, John Roberts 2.对新买家要求建立业务联系的回复 Dear Mr. Jones: We have received your letter of 9th April showing your interest in our complete product information. Our product lines mainly include high quality textile products. To give you a general idea of the various kinds of textiles now available for export, we have enclosed a catalogue and a price list. You may also 14 / 23 visit our online company introduction at Http:/ which includes our latest product line. We look forward to your specific enquiries and hope to have the opportunity to work together with you in the future. Sincerely, 3.向老客户介绍公司新的产品信息 Dear Mr. Jones: We have refreshed our online catalog at, and now it covers the latest new products, which are now available from stock. We believe that you will find some attractive additions to our product line. Once you have had time to study the supplement, please let us know if you would like to take the matter further. We would be very happy to send samples to you for close inspection. We will keep you informed on our progress and look forward to hearing from you. Sincerely, 4.回复对某个产品的查询 Dear Mr. Jones: Thank you for your inquiry of 16 March. We are 15 / 23 pleased to hear that you are interested in our product toaster. Weve enclosed the photo and detailed information of the product for your reference: Product: toaster Specification: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Package: 1pcs/box Price: 10usd/pcs Payment: L/C For purchase quantities over 1,000pcs of individual items we would allow you a discount of 1%. Payment is to be made by irrevocable at sight. We look forward to receiving your first order. Sincerely, 5.无法提供对方查询中所要求的产品时 Dear Mr. Jones: Thank you for your enquiry of 12 March cate 9 cable. We appreciate your efforts in marketing our products and regret very much that we are unable to supply the desired goods due to excessive demand. 16 / 23 We would, however, like to take this opportunity to offer the following material as a close substitute: Cate 5, US$_ per meter FOB Shanghai, including your commission 2%. Please visit our catalog at for more information on this item. If you find the product acceptable, please email us as soon as possible. Sincerely, 6.查询对方公司的产品 Dear Sir or Madam: We know that you are exporters of textile fabrics. We would like you to send us details of your various ranges, including colors and prices, and also samples of the different qualities of material used. We are volume dealers in textiles and believe there is a promising market in our area for moderately priced goods of this kind mentioned. When quoting, please state your terms of payment and discount you would allow on purchases of quantities of not less than 1000 meters of individual items. Prices quoted should include insurance and freight to San Francisco. 17 / 23 Sincerely, 7.几种报盘 Dear Mr. Jones: We thank you for your email enquiry for both groundnuts and Walnutmeat CNF Copenhagen dated February, 21. In reply, we offer firm, subject to your reply reaching us on or before February 26 for 250 metric tons of groundnuts, handpicked, shelled and ungraded at RMB2000 net per metric ton CNF Copenhagen and any other European Main Ports. Shipment to be made within two months after receipt of your order payment by L/C payable by sight draft. Please note that we have quoted our most favorable price and are unable to entertain any counter offer. As you are aware that there has lately been a large demand for the above commodities. Such growing demand will likely result in increased prices. However you can secure these prices if you send us an immediate reply. 18 / 23 Sincerely, Dear Mr. Jones: We thank you for your letter dated April 8 inquiring about our leather handbags. As requested, we take pleasure in offering you, subject to our final confirmation, 300 dozen deerskin handbags style at $ per dozen CIF Hamburg. Shipment will be effected within 20 days after receipt of the relevant L/C issued by your first class bank in ou* *vor upon signing Sales Contract. We are manufacturing various kinds of leather purses and waist belts for exportation, and enclosed a brochure of products for your reference. We hope some of them meet your taste and needs. If we can be of any further help, please feel free to let us know. Customers inquiries are always meet with our careful attention. Sincerely, Re: SWC Sugar Dear Sirs, 19 / 23 We are in receipt of your letter of July 17, 2002 asking us to offer 10,000 metric tons of the subject sugar for shipment to Japan and appreciate very much your interest in our product. To comply with your request, we are offering you the following: 1. Commodity: Qingdao Superior White Crystal Sugar. 2. Packing: To be packed in new gunny bag of 100kgs. each. 3. Quantity: Ten thousand metric tons. 4. Price: US dollars one hundred and five per metric ton, Fob Qingdao. 5. Payment: 100% by irrevocable and confirmed letter of credit to be opened in ou* *vor through A1 bank in Qingdao and to be drawn at sight. 6. Shipment: Three or four weeks after receipt of letter of credit by the first available boat sailing to Yokohama direct. Please note that we do not have much ready stock on hand. Therefore, it is important that, in order to enable us to effect early shipment, your letter of 20 / 23 credit should be opened in time if our price meets with your approval. We are awaiting your reply. Sincerely, 外贸信函的实例 例一: 150 Kensington Road Brooklyn, New York 12, N Y June 10 1985 例二: Established 1900 TELEPHONE: CHICAGO ENVELOPE COMPANY CABLE ADDRE SS: CALUMET 4251 2901-2917 INDIANA AVENUE ENVELOPE CHICAGO Ref No CHICAGO, ILLINOIS CODES USED: March 16 1982 ALL CODES RENTLEY S PRE FERRED 注:实例中央上面 Established 1900是指该公司创立于 1900 年。因公司的历史悠久,可证明公司的信用良好,所以常常被采用。中间大写的是公司名称“芝加哥信封公司”和公司所在地“伊利诺斯州,芝加哥市印地安街 2901-2917 号”。左边的细小字是电话号码, Ref No 是“信件编号”,其用途是便于索引,按此号码可将信件归案存档,因而又可称为“索 引号码”。右边的细小字电报挂号,用于发收电报。这个公司只有“ ENVELOPE CHICAGO”二个字就够了,其手续费和电报费均能节省。即“使用电讯密码簿”。即“在所有密码簿中,请选用21 / 23 密码簿”。 例三: 17 Philpot Lane, London, E C 3, 25 April, 1991 写信头还需要注意的一点是,在写日期时,要区分开英国习惯和美国习惯。如 1995 年 5 月 2 日,按英国习惯,应写为“ 2ndMay,1995”按美国习惯是“ May 2, 1995”。 收信人名址。与信封上的 收信人地址相同,一般写在信纸的左上部,即在寄信日期下隔二行起写。如: Messrs Allen SonPty
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