华中科技大学《项目管理》第三章.ppt

2019/12/2,1,Chapter3:ProjectIntegrationManagement,2019/12/2,2,LearningObjectives,UnderstandtheimportanceofprojectintegrationmanagementDescribeanoverallframeworkforprojectintegrationmanagementDescribeprojectplandevelopmentandthekeycomponentsofagoodprojectplanExplainprojectplanexecutionandkeyaspectsofgettingworkresultsDescribetheintegratedchangecontrolprocessandthecreationofprojectplanupdates,correctiveaction,andlessonslearned,2019/12/2,3,ChapterOutline,WhatisProjectIntegrationManagement?ProjectPlanDevelopmentProjectPlanExecutionOverallChangeControlChangeControlonITProjectsChangeControlSystem,2019/12/2,4,3.1WhatisProjectIntegrationManagement?,2019/12/2,5,Thedefinitionofprojectintegrationmanagement*,Projectintegrationmanagementistheprocessesinvolvedincoordinatingalloftheotherprojectmanagementknowledgeareasthroughoutaprojectslifecycle.,2019/12/2,6,TheKeytoOverallProjectSuccess:GoodProjectIntegrationManagement,ProjectmanagersmustcoordinatealloftheotherknowledgeareasthroughoutaprojectslifecycleManynewprojectmanagershavetroublelookingatthe“bigpicture”andwanttofocusontoomanydetailsProjectintegrationmanagementisnotthesamethingassoftwareintegration,2019/12/2,7,ProjectIntegrationManagementOverview,Note:ThePMBOKGuideincludessimilarchartsforeachknowledgearea.,2019/12/2,8,FrameworkforProjectIntegrationManagement,Focusonpullingeverythingto-gethertoreachprojectsuccess!,2019/12/2,9,ProjectIntegrationManagementProcesses,ThreemainprocessesProjectPlanDevelopment:takingtheresultsofotherplanningprocessesandputtingthemintoaconsistent,coherentdocumenttheprojectplanProjectPlanExecution:carryingouttheprojectplanIntegratedChangeControl:coordinatingchangesacrosstheentireproject,2019/12/2,10,2019/12/2,11,3.2ProjectPlanDevelopment,2019/12/2,12,PlanningProcesses,2019/12/2,13,ProjectPlanDevelopment,AprojectplanisadocumentusedtocoordinateallprojectplanningdocumentsItspurposesaretoguideprojectexecutionDocumentprojectplanningassumptionsDocumentprojectplanningdecisionregardingalternativeschosenFacilitatecommunicationamongstakeholderProvideabaselineforprogressmeasurementandprojectcontrol,2019/12/2,14,AttributesofProjectPlans,Justasprojectsareunique,soareprojectplansPlansshouldbeupdatedaschangesoccurPlansshouldfirstandforemostguideprojectexecutionPlansshouldbedynamicPlansshouldbeflexible,2019/12/2,15,CommonElementsofaProjectPlan,IntroductionoroverviewoftheprojectDescriptionofhowtheprojectisorganizedManagementandtechnicalprocessesusedontheprojectWorktobedoneSchedulebudget,2019/12/2,16,SampleOutlineforaProjectManagementPlan,2019/12/2,17,SampleOutlineforaSoftwareProjectManagementPlan(SPMP),2019/12/2,18,Contentsofaprojectplan,2019/12/2,19,2019/12/2,20,StakeholderAnalysis,Astakeholderanalysisdocumentsimportant(oftensensitive)informationaboutstakeholderssuchasstakeholdersnamesandorganizationsrolesontheprojectuniquefactsaboutstakeholderslevelofinfluenceandinterestintheprojectsuggestionsformanagingrelationships,2019/12/2,21,SampleStakeholderAnalysis,2019/12/2,22,3.3ProjectPlanExecution,2019/12/2,23,ProjectPlanExecution,ProjectplanexecutioninvolvesmanagingandperformingtheworkdescribedintheprojectplanThemajorityoftimeandmoneyisusuallyspentonexecutionprojectmanagersmustpracticewhattheypreach-shouldfollowtheirownplans,2019/12/2,24,Executingprocesses,2019/12/2,25,WhatWentWrong?,Manypeoplehaveapoorviewofplansbasedonpastexperiences.Seniormanagersoftenrequireaplan,butthennoonefollowsuponwhethertheplanwasfollowed.Whyshouldprojectmembersfeelobligatedtofollowtheirownplanswhentheprojectmanagerobviouslydidnotfollowhis?,2019/12/2,26,ImportantSkillsforProjectExecution,Generalmanagementskillslikeleadership,communication,andpoliticalskillsProductskillsandknowledgebecausetheproductsoftheprojectareproducedduringexecutionUseofspecializedtoolsandtechniques,2019/12/2,27,ToolsandTechniquesforProjectExecution,WorkAuthorizationSystem:amethodforensuringthatqualifiedpeopledoworkattherighttimeandinthepropersequenceStatusReviewMeetings:regularlyscheduledmeetingsusedtoexchangeprojectinformationProjectManagementSoftware:specialsoftwaretoassistinmanagingprojects,2019/12/2,28,3.4IntegratedChangeControl,2019/12/2,29,IntegratedChangeControl,Integratedchangecontrol*involvesidentifying,evaluating,andmanagingchangesthroughouttheprojectlifecycleThreemainobjectivesofchangecontrol:InfluencethefactorsthatcreatechangestoensuretheyarebeneficialDeterminethatachangehasoccurredManageactualchangeswhenandastheyoccur,*Note:1996PMBOKcalledthisprocess“overallchangecontrol”,2019/12/2,30,ControllingProcesses,2019/12/2,31,IntegratedChangeControlProcess,2019/12/2,32,ChangeControlonITProjects,Formerview:TheprojectteamshouldstrivetodoexactlywhatwasplannedontimeandwithinbudgetProblem:Stakeholdersrarelyagreedup-frontontheprojectscope,andtimeandcostestimateswereinaccurateModernview:ProjectmanagementisaprocessofconstantcommunicationandnegotiationSolution:Changesareoftenbeneficial,andtheprojectteamshouldplanforthem,2019/12/2,33,ChangeControlSystem(CCS),Aformal,documentedprocessthatdescribeswhenandhowofficialprojectdocumentsandworkmaybechangedDescribeswhoisauthorizedtomakechangesandhowtomakethemCCSincludeschangecontrolboard(CCB)configurationmanagementcommunicatingchanges,2019/12/2,34,ChangeControlBoards(CCBs),AformalgroupofpeopleresponsibleforapprovingorrejectingchangesonaprojectProvidesguidelinesforpreparingchangerequestsevaluatesthemmanagestheimplementationofapprovedchangesIncludesstakeholdersfromtheentireorganization,2019/12/2,35,MakingTimelyChanges,SomeCCBsonlymeetoccasionally,soitmaytaketoolongforchangestooccurSomeorganizationshavepoliciesinplacefortime-sensitivechanges“48hourpolicy”Delegatechangestothelowestlevelpossible,butkeepeveryoneinformedofchanges,2019/12/2,36,ConfigurationManagement,EnsuresthattheproductsandtheirdescriptionsarecorrectandcompleteConfigurationmanagementspecialistsIdentifythefunctionalandphysicaldesigncharacteristicsofproductsControlchanges,recordandreportchangesAudittheproductstoverifyconformancetorequirements,2019/12/2,37,SuggestionsforManagingIntegratedChangeControl,ViewprojectmanagementasaprocessofconstantcommunicationsandnegotiationsPlanforchangeEstablishaformalchangecontrolsystem,includingaChangeControlBoard(CCB)UsegoodconfigurationmanagementDefineproceduresformakingtimelydecisionsonsmallerchangesUsewrittenandoralperformancereportstohelpidentifyandmanagechangeUseprojectmanagementandothersoftwaretohelpmanageandcommunicatechanges,2019/12/2,38,QuickQuiz,Whatarethethreemainprocessesofintegrationmanagement?Whatisthemainpurposeofaprojectplan?Whatprojectmanagementtoolcanyouusetohelpmanagerelationshipswithdifferentpeopleinvolvedinyourproject?,ANSWER:projectplandevelopment,projectplanexecution,andintegrated