简单句五种基本句型.ppt

英语简单句五种基本句型A:词类及基本用法,基本句型一：+（主谓）基本句型二：+（主谓/系表）基本句型三：+（主谓宾）基本句型四:+InO+D(主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五:+O（主谓宾宾补）,组成句子的各个组成部分叫句子成分：,1.主语:是一个句子的主干部分之一,主语表明是“什么人”，“什么事”.通常由名词,代词,动词不定式,动名词来充当.,1.Lucylikeshernewbike.2.Weworkhard.3.Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.4.Playingfootballafterschoolisgreatfun.,主,谓,宾,定,状,补,表,2.谓语:说明主语做什么或怎么样。通常由动词充当.,1.Theyworkveryhard.2.Heplaysbasketballeveryafternoon.3.Iwillgocampingtomorrow.,3.表语：跟在连系动词后面的词语或从句,用来说明主语的身份,特征,状态.,Mysisterisanurse.Thetreesturngreen.Theflowersmellsgood.,系动词有:1.表示特征和存在状态的be,seem,feel,appear,look,smell,taste,sound;2.表示状态延续的remain,stay,keep,continue,stand;3.表示状态变化的become,get,turn,go,run,fall,come,grow;,3.宾语：动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么。一般放在及物动词或介词后面.由名词,代词,数词,动词不定式,动名词和宾语从句构成.,1.WestudyEnglish.2.Isawhimyesterday.3.Hewantedtohaveapen.4.Shelikesplayingbasketball.5.Ourteachersaidthathewouldgothere.,注意：双宾语：指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。Hegavemetwobooks.,4.定语:用来修饰名词或代词的词.形容词,形容词性物主代词,名词,不定式,介词短语,不定代词,从句等.1、Thisisaredcar.2、Thebuildingistheirteachingbuilding.3、Thewomandoctorismywife.4、Ihavesomethingtotellyou.5、ThemaninfrontofthegateisMr.Li.6、EverystudenthasanEnglishbook.7、Iknowtheboywhoisplayingbasketballontheplayground.,5.状语:说明动作或状态特征修饰用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或整个句子.副词,介词短语,动词不定式,以及after,when,assoonas,until,if,before等引起的从句.,Youarequiteright.Theyoftendrawinthepark.Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillstayathome.,6.宾补：补充说明宾语。(宾语和宾补之间有逻辑上的主谓关系）,宾语+宾补叫复合宾语，复合宾语有以下几种类型：1名词（代词）+不定式2名词（代词）+分词3名词（代词）+名词4名词（代词）+形容词,1、名词（代词）+不定式Johnaskedmetohelphim.,名词（代词）+分词（现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动）,Ifoundhimstandingatthegate.Shecouldfeelherheartbeatingviolently.Hespokeslowlyinordertomakehimselfunderstood.Hespokeloudlyinordertomakehimselfheard.,名词（代词）+名词（作宾补的表示独一无二的职位前不加the.),TheyappointedherheadoftheEnglishDepartment.Theymadehimcaptainoftheship.,基本句型一(subject)+V(verb)（主谓）特点:句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。1.Hecame.2.Shedances.3.Hiswordsworks.4.Youshouldworkhard.5.Hergrandpadiedlastnight.6.Myunclegetsupearlyeverymorning.,基本句型二+（主系表）系动词可分四类：1）be,只起连系主语和表语的作用,后可接动词外的任何词；2）感官动词类look,feel,smell,taste,sound等3）表示变化：get,grow,become,turn,go等4）表示状态延续：stay,keep,prove,remain,stand等以及prove等。,Everythinglooksdifferent.天气更凉爽了。Theweatherbecomescooler.3.ThisisanEnglishdictionary.4.Thesoupsmellsgood.5.Thegirllooksbeautiful.6.Themusicsoundsgreat.7.Thetreesturngreen.8.Toseeistobelieve.9.Mybrotherisadoctor.,基本句型三+（主谓宾）特点：谓语动词都是实义动词，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。e.g.Welikethemovie.S,V,o,1.Iwrotealetterlastnight.2.Iwanttotalkwithyouthisafternoon.3.Hehasreadthisbookmanytimes.4.Theyhavecarriedouttheplansuccessfully.5.Youmustfinishreadingthesebooksintwoweeks.6.Isawher.7.TheylikewatchingTV.,基本句型四+InO+D（主谓间宾直宾）特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。Shegavemeabook=Shegaveabooktome.,常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask,等。（需借助for的）buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing,save,spare,等。,SV(Vt.)InODOShepassedhimanewdress.Johntoldmehisidea.Sheshowedherfriendsallthepictures4.Hesendmeabirthdayspresent.,练习,1她给我们唱了一首英文歌曲。2我去给你沏点新鲜茶。3这会省去你很多麻烦。4请帮我把今天的报纸拿来。,ShesangusanEnglishsong.,Illmakeyousomefreshtea.,Thatwillsaveyoualotoftrouble.,Pleasefetchmetodayspaper.,4把车钥匙递给我。5把你们的计划用传真发给我们。6你可否把书单用电子邮件发给我？7把那本书扔给我。,Handmethecarkey.,Pleasefaxusyourplans.,Throwmethatbook.,Canyoue-mailmethebooklist?,基本句型五+O（主谓宾宾补）特点：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。判断原则：能表达成宾语是/做e.g.Wemadehimthemanager.S,V,O,OC,SV(Vt.)OOCWekeepthetableclean.Isawthemgettingonthebus.Heaskedmetocomebacksoon.4.IaskedMarytohelpme.5.Wecallourheadmasterawiseman.,常用的带复合宾语的动词think,consider,feel,find,have,see,hear,notice,get,leave,ask,tell,etc.,练习1,1我们把窗框漆成了黄色。2她把连衣裙染成淡蓝色。3他发现这工作很有意思。4什么使你这样生气？,Wepaintedthewindowframesyellow.,Shedyedherdresslightblue.,Hefoundthejobquiteinteresting.,Whatmadeyousoangry?,5我们必须在半小时内把晚饭做好。6你们必须保持房间干净。7我认为这没有必要。8不久他们就把她释放了。,Wemustgetthesupperreadyinhalfanhour.,Youmustkeeptheroomclean.,Idontthinkitnecessary.,典型例题分析,1.Plantsneedwater.S+V+O(主+谓+宾)2.Theflowerissofresh.S+V+P(主+系+表)3.Theyworkhard.S+V(主+谓)4.Hegivesmesomeseeds.S+V+InO+DO(主+谓+直宾+间宾)5.Weshouldkeeptheplantsintheshade.S+V+O+OC(主+谓+宾+宾补)6.Manyanimalsliveintrees.S+V(