中考英语专项复习语法.ppt

Grammar,No.3MiddleSchoolLiSong,定语从句,定语从句,一、定义：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。Themanwholivesnexttousisalawyer.,Themanisalayer.Themanlivesnexttous.,被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。引导定语从句的关系代词有who，whom，whose，which，that等和关系副词where，when，why等。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成分。,二、关系代词和关系副词的作用：1.由who，whom，whose引导的定语从句这类定语从句中who用作主语，whom作宾语，whose作定语指人或物。Thisisthemanwhohelpedme.这位是帮过我的那个人。,TheDoctorwhomyouarelookingforisintheroom.你找的那位大夫在屋里。DoyouknowthemanwhosenameisLiuXiang?你认识那个叫刘翔的人吗？,2.which引导的定语从句这类从句只能指物，which在从句中作主语或作谓语动词或介词的宾语。Thisisthebookwhichyouwant.这就是你要的那本书。Thebuildingwhichstandsneartheriverisourschool.河边的那栋楼是我们学校。,Theroominwhichthereisamachineisaworkshop.有机器的房间是车间。1)whom，whose，which作介词宾语时，介词一般可放在它们之前，也可放在从句原来的位置上，在含有介词的动词固定词组中，介词只能放在原来的位置上。,注意！,Thisisthepersonwhomyouarelookingfor.这位就是你在找的那个人。2)引导非限定性定语从句时，或介词后面,关系代词用which,不用that。IhavereadGonewiththeWindseveraltimes,whichIlikeverymuch.,注意！,3.由that引导的定语从句that在定语从句中可以指人或物，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语。但不能放在介词后面作介词宾语。TheletterthatIreceivedwasfrommyfather.我收到的那封信是我父亲写给我的。,在下面几种情况下必须用“that”引导定语从句：1)先行词是不定代词:all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等。Allthatwecandonowistowaitfortheresult.,注意！,2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰。ThefirstlessonthatIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten.我所学的第一课永远也忘不了。,3)先行词被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修饰。Ihavereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.你给我的书我全读完了。4)先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast修饰时。,HeistheonlypersonthatIwanttotalkto.他是唯一的我想跟说话的人。5)先行词既有人又有物时。Theytalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedintheschool.他们谈论着他们能记起的那些在学校的人和事。,4.由when，where，why引导的定语从句。Iknowthereasonwhyhecamelate.我知道他为什么来晚了。Thisistheplacewherewelivedfor5years.这就是我住过五年的地方。,Exercise1:用关系代词填空,Theboy_isplayingping-pongismyclassmate.Thee-mail_Ireceivedyesterdaywasfrommysister.Ihatepeople_talkmuchbutdolittle.Thecar_myfatherboughtlastmonthisverybeautiful.,who/that,which/that,who/that,which/that,5.Theman_hairiswhiteishisgrandfather.6.Isthereastudent_fatherisabusinessman?7.Thisisthehousein_wehavelivedfor10years.8.Iveneverheardofthepeopleandthings_youtalkedaboutjustnow.,whose,whose,which,that,当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that.,Exercise2.,Myfatherandhisteachertalkedalotaboutthepersonsandthings_theycouldntremember.Sayall_youknow.Isthereanything_Icandoforyou?,that,that,that,当先行词是something,anything,nothing,all等词时，关系代词只能用that.,4.Thisisthefirstplay_IhaveseensinceIcamehere.5.Thisisthebestnovel_Ihaveread.,that,that,当先行词被序数词，最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that.,6.Whoisthegirl_isstandingunderthetree?7.Whichisthemachine_weusedlastSunday.,当主句是who或which引导的特殊疑问句，而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that.,that,that,英语语法复习系列之-,宾语从句,定义简单的说,宾语从句就是一个或是几个从句充当主句中的宾语成分。,如何改写宾语从句。1.确定连接词(根据从句的句式)2.确定从句语序(把从句变成陈述句)3.确定从句的时态(根据主句时态),1.确定连接词(根据从句句式),陈述句,that,一般疑问句,if(whether),特殊疑问句,特殊疑问词,祈使句,肯定句,to+动词原形,否定句,notto+动词原形,注意：在把简单句变为复合句的练习中，千万要注意：(1)当从句所表述的内容是客观事实时，连接后从句的时态不随主句时态的变化而变化，仍用一般现在时.如:,Hesaidthatthesunismuchbiggerthanthemoon.Theteachertoldthestudentsthatnonewsisgoodnews.ThePEteachersaidthatdoingmorningexerciseisusefultoourhealth,(2)语句的顺序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都是运用陈述句的语序，即是“主语在前，谓语在后”的顺序。e.gCouldyoutellmehowIcangettotheScienceMuseum?Heaskedhimwherehecamefrom.Didyouknowwhatsthenameofthehandsomeboyintheclassroomyesterday？PleasetellmewhereIcanbuythebeautifulflower.,(3)宾语从句中的特殊情形句式的转变：若原句是祈使句，不能用宾语从句改写，而应该用“tell/ask/ordersb.(not)todosth.”的句式。e.gDontopenthedoor,Jim.（用they作主语变为宾语从句）TheyaskJimnottoopenthedoor.代词的变化：如果将某人的原话变为宾语从句时，我们就应该考虑代词的变化。e.g“IcomefromCanada”,Lucysays.LucysaysthatshecomesfromCanada.,(4)由一般疑问句转换而来的宾语从句，用whether或if引导，并且两词可以互用。但是whether可以和ornot连用，而if不能。e.gIwanttoknowwhether(if)shestilllivesthere.Pleasetellmewhetheryoucancomeornot.,1.把下列句子改为宾语从句.1.shesays,Shellseeafilm.Shesays_she_afilm.2.DidPetercomehereyesterday?LiLeiwantstoknow.LiLeiwantstoknow_Peter_hereyesterday.3.Wheredoesshelive?MrHuasked.MrHuasked_4.Shesaid,Openthewindows.Shesaid_thewindows.,that,see,if,came,where,she,lived,to,open,will,5.Theteachertoldus,Dontplayonthestreet.Theteachertoldus_onthestreet.6.Ourgeographyteachertoldus,Theearthgoesaroundthesun.Ourgeographyteachertoldus_theearth_aroundthesun.,not_,to,play,that,goes,专项练习1、Doyouknowhowmuchhotwater?AMumisneededBdoesMumneedCMumneedsDdidMumneed2、Canyoutellme?AwhereheisBwhereisheCheiswhereDwhatishe3、IdidntknowhowtoLondon?AwouldtheygoBaretheygoingCtheywouldgoDtheyaregoing4、IwanttoknowhowlongAhashebeenbackBhashecomebackChehasbeenbackDhehascomeback5、Doyouknow?AwhatthenewsareBwhatisthenewsCwhatthenewsisDwhatarethenews,6.-istruethatshemayfallbehindtheothers.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It7.Theforeignfriendsthink-theChinesepeopleareveryfriendly.A.thatB.ifC.sinceD.because8.Idliketoknow-Chinese.A.whenhebegantolearnB.whendidhebegintolearnC.whendidhebeginlearningD.forhowlonghebegantolearn9.Theteacheraskedus-theclassroomafterschool.A.cleanedB.cleanC.tocleanD.cleans参考答案：CACCCDAAC,英语语法复习系列之-,直接引语和间接引语,直接引语和间接引语DirectSpeechandIndirectSpeech,直接引述别人的话，叫“直接引语”;用自己的话转述别人的话叫“间接引语”;直接引语一般前后要加引号;间接引语不用引号。,如:Johnsaid,“Ilikereadingverymuch.”(直接引语）Johnsaidthathelikedreadingverymuch.(间接引语),直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系,陈述句变为引导的宾语从句,1.Hesaid,“YouareyoungerthanI”.2.Hesays,“Tomisagoodstudent”.3.Shesaid,“Iwillcometoday.”,HesaidthatIwasyoungerthanhim.,HesaysthatTomisagoodstudent.,Shesaidthatshewouldgothatday.,当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时,从句的_,_,_等要作出变化.,人称,时态,时间状语,间接引语的结构：,主句+引导词+从句,Hesaid,“Mysisterwasherethreedaysago.”,Shesaid,“Iwillcomeherethisevening.”,Hesaidhissisterhadbeentherethreedaysbefore.,Shesaidshewouldgoherethatevening.,一般疑问句变为if(whether)引导的宾语从句,e.g.Shesaid,“Doyouoftencomeheretoreadnewspaper?”“WilltheygotovisittheGreatWall?”heasked.,Sheaskedif(whether)Ioftencameheretoreadnewspaper.,Heaskedif(whether)theywouldgovisittheGreatWall.,e.g.1.Heasked,“Wheredoyoulive?”2.“Howcanwegettothepost-office?”heasked.,HeaskedwhereIlived.,Heaskedhowtheycouldgettothepost-office.,从句一定要保持陈述句句序,1.“Whenwillhecomeback?”Tomasked.2.“HowcanIgettothestation?”Maryaskedherteacher.3.“Wheredidyouseethesuspect?”DetectiveLuasked.4.“WhereisTom?”Theyasked.,Tomaskedwhenhewouldcomeback.,Maryaskedherteacherhowshecouldgettothestation.,DetectiveLuaskedwhereIhadseenthesuspect.,TheyaskedwhereTomwas.,将下列句子合并为一句:5.Wheredotheystopontheway?Iasked.6.Whatwillyouspeakatthemeeting?Tomaskedme.7.Dotheyliketomakefriendswithus?Heasked.8.“Iamdoingmyhomework.”Hesaid.9.“Iwillcomeback.”Tomsaid.10.“Ishedoinghishomework?”Jimasked.,Iaskedwheretheystoppedontheway.,TomaskedmewhatIwouldspeakatthemeeting.,Heaskediftheylikedtomakefriendswiththem.,Hesaidthathewasdoinghishomework.,Tomsaidthathewouldcomeback.,Jimaskedifhewasdoinghishomework.,直接引语变间接引语及其注意事项,直接引语变间接引语就是写成宾语从句或动词不定式短语，要注意以下几点：人称变化、时态变化、宾语从句要用陈述句的语序.,Hesaid,“IamafraidIcantfinishmyhomework.”,Hesaidthathewasafraidhecouldntfinishhishomework.,Hesaid,“Iamdoingmyhomework.”,Hesaidthathewasdonghishomework.,Shesaid,“IhavenotheardfromhimsinceMay.”,ShesaidthatshehadnotheardfromhimsinceMay.,一般现在时-一般过去时,现在进行时-过去进行时,现在完成时-过去完成时,时态,人称变化:,Hesaid,“Iwasill.”,Hesaidthathehadbeenill.,Hesaid,“Ihadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforesupper.”,Hesaidthathehadfinishedhishomeworkbeforesupper.,ZhouLansaid,“Iwilldoitafterclass.”,ZhouLansaidthatshewoulddoitafterclass.,一般过去时-过去完成时,过去完成时-过去完成时,一般将来时-过去将来时,如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态，直接引语变为间接引语时，从句的谓语动词的时态通常要作相应的变化。时态变化的一般规则如下表：,直接引语间接引语一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时一般过去时过去完成时一般将来时canmaymustwill,一般过去时,过去进行时,过去完成时,过去完成时,过去完成时,过去将来时,could,might,hadto,would,直接引语间接引语nowtodaytonightthismorning/weektomorrowyesterdaylastmonthago,then,thatday,thatnight,thatmorning/week,thefollowingday/thenextday,thedaybefore,themonthbefore,before,1、当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，宾语从句的谓语动词可以用所需要的任何一种时态。2、当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词要用相应的过去时态，但当宾语从句叙述的内容为客观真理时，仍然用一般现在时。e.g.Theteachersaidthatthemoonmovesaroundthesun.,注意：,指示代词,时间状语,地点状语和动词的变化,Shesaid,“Iwillcomethismorning.”,Shesaidshewouldgothatmorning.,Hesaid,“Thesebooksaremine.”,Hesaid,“Itis9oclocknow.”,Hesaidthosebookswerehis.,Hesaiditwas9oclockthen.,Hesaid,“Ihaventseenhertoday.”,Shesaid,”Iwentthereyesterday.”,Shesaid,“Iwillgotheretomorrow.”,He