新概念2 第69课ppt课件.ppt

,Review,坚持的两种用法：persistindoingsth/insiston/upondoingsth没人能避免犯错。Noonecanavoidmakingmistakes.不懂装懂就会闹笑话。Ifyoupretendtoknowwhatyoudontknow,youllonlymakeafoolofyourself.阻止做某事的表达法：stopsb(from)doing,preventsb(from)doing或keepsbfromdoing,你介意把窗户打开吗？Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?你介意我把窗户打开吗？Wouldyoumindmyopeningthewindow?无论你是谁，都必须遵守规则。Nomatterwhoyouare,youmustobeytherules.无论他学习多么努力，总不能通过考试。Nomatterhowhardhestudies,hefindsitdifficulttopasstheexam.动名词的用法：接lesson68,practice:,根据所给汉语，按正确形式填空：He_(坚持)thathedothatworkalone.TheteachertellsusthatlearningEnglishmustbe_(坚持的).Shetriedto_(逃避)answeringmyquestions.Shewasntreallycrying;shewasonly_(假装).Whatcanwedoto_(阻止)thediseasespreading?,insists,persistent,avoid,pretending,prevent,Freetalk:Haveyouseenthecriminalspot?,1.Ifyouseethethiefstealsothers,whatwillyoudo?2.Whenyounoticetheburglarbreakintoyourhouse,Whatkindsofmeasuresyouwilltake?,murder,mournful,suppose,v.假设,n.谋杀,adj.悲哀的,tap,examiner,instruct,n.主考人,v.轻敲,v.命令，指示,brake,pedal,react,n.刹车,n.踏板,v.反应,acquire,confidence,v.取得，获得,n.信心,Letsreviewthewords!,根据所给的汉语意思写出单词，并用其正确形式填空。,1.Theteacheroften_(指导；指示)ushowtoworkoutmathsproblems.2.Shehasgreat_(自信)inhersuccess.3._(谋杀)isaterriblecrime.4.Thatgirl_(轻敲)herfingersonthedeskimpatiently.5._(考官)：Tellmeaboutyourfamily?6.The_(刹车)doesntworkwell.7.A_(悲哀的)voicesings,“Arewestillmarried?”8.Letmeseeyourdriving_(执照).,Questionsonthetest:,Whendidtheauthorbegintoacquireconfidenceandwhy?Whatwasthelastthingtheauthorwasaskedtodobytheexaminer?Didtheauthorgetthedrivinglicenceintheend?,Iwasbeingtestedforadrivinglicenceforthethirdtime.Ihadbeenaskedtodriveinheavytrafficandhaddonesosuccessfully.Afterhavingbeeninstructedtodriveoutoftown,Ibegantoacquireconfidence.SurethatIhadpassed,Iwasalmostbeginningtoenjoymytest.Theexaminermusthavebeenpleasedwithmyperformance,forhesmiledandsaid,Justonemorething,Mr.Eames.Letussupposethatachildsuddenlycrossestheroadinfrontofyou.AssoonasItaponthewindow,youmuststopwithinfivefeet.Icontinueddrivingandaftersometime,theexaminertappedloudly,Thoughthesoundcouldbeheardclearly,ittookmealongtimetoreact.Isuddenlypressedthebrakepedalandwewereboththrownforward.Theexaminerlookedatmesadly.Mr.Eames,hesaid,inamournfulvoice,youhavejustkilledthatchild!,Newwordsandexpressions,murderm:dn.谋杀instructinstrktv.命令，指示acquirekwaiv.取得，获得confidenceknfidnsn.信心examinerigzminn.主考人supposespuzv.假设taptpv.轻敲reactriktv.反应brakebreikn.刹车pedalpedln.踏板mournfulm:nfladj.悲哀的,Words/phrases单词与词组,drivinglicence驾照heavytraffic拥挤的交通inamournfulvoice用的声调bepleasedwith对满意within5feet在5英尺之内crosstheroad过马路brakepedal刹车板outoftown城外,murder1).n.beguiltyofmurder犯谋杀罪murderwillout纸包不住火homicidehmisaid杀人（犯）manslaughtermnslt(r)过失杀人massacremsk大屠杀assassinatessineit暗杀poison毒杀suffocatesfkeit窒息而死hang绞死2).v.murderermurderess,instruct1).v.指导，向下命令tell日常用语，运用广泛，语气不强order语气较强，有权威者用来指示别人服从instruct&direct用于客观、公事场合，对需要采取的行动准确说明command用于军事场合Theofficercommandedhismentofire.2).v.教授，传授instructsb.ininstructor教员，教练，指导员instructionC命令，指示U传授，指导,acquire1).（靠努力或行为）获得gain获得自信acquireconfidence2).学得，养成（习惯）养成抽烟的习惯acquireahabitofsmokingacquisitionkwizinn.获得,所获之物,收购,confidencen.have/loseconfidenceinsb./sth.他充满信心地回答问题Heansweredthequestionswithconfidence.IhaveeveryconfidencethatIcanmanageitbefullofconfidence充满信心confidentadj.有信心的,有把握的confidentofsth.confidentthat我肯定你能得到那份工作Imconfidentthatyoullgetthejob.他确信会达到目标Hewasconfidentofachievinghisaim.,examinev.1).调查，检查，研讨我们的行李在机场进行了安检Wehadoursuitcasesexaminedattheairport.2).测验IexaminedthestudentsinEnglishonthepreviouslessons.3).诊察（看病）examiner主考人examinee被考人,suppose1).假设假设你是总经理，在那种情况下你会怎么做Supposethatyourethegeneralmanager,whatwillyoudoonthatoccasion.2).认为think,expectbesupposedto理应，应该他应该准时在那Heissupposedtobethereontime,tap.1).v.knockgentlytapat/onsth.tapsb.ontheshoulder2).n.敲击声，水龙头turnon/offtaptapwater自来水mineral-water矿泉水,react1).reacttosb./sth当地居民对这一消息表示愤怒Localresidentshavereactedangrilytothenews.我花了很长时间才反应过来Ittookmealongtimetoreact.Themarketreactedbyfallingafurthertwopoints.股市的反应是再下跌两个百分点2).化学反应reactant化学反应物nuclearreactor核反应堆,brake1).n.刹车putonthebrakes踩刹车2).v.Thedriverbrakedhardasthedogranontotheroad.Shehadtobrakehardtoavoidrunningintothecarinfront.她不得不猛踩刹车，以免撞上前面的车。,pedal1).n.踏板abrakepedal刹车踏板Shepressedherfootdownsharplyonthebrakepedal.她猛踩刹车踏板。2).v.踩踏板，骑pedalabicycle骑自行车Aboypedaledawayonhisbicycle.,mournfuladj.悲恸的,令人惋惜的,悲哀的Therewasamournfullookonherface.Hesaidinamournfulvoice.mournv.感到悲痛mournfor/oversb./sth.人民哀悼他们被杀害的领袖Thepeoplemournedfortheirslainleader.她为她独生子的死而哀痛Shemournedoverthedeathofheronlyson.mourner哀悼者,Iwasbeingtestedforadrivinglicenceforthethirdtime.,驾驶执照,课文解析,Ihadbeenaskedtodriveinheavytrafficandhaddonesosuccessfully.,heavy:adj.重的，阴沉的，大量的，密集的,Heputdowntheheavysuitcasebythedoor.,Hehadaheavy,sullenface.,Ifeltsofullaftertheheavymeal.,Afterhavingbeeninstructedtodriveoutoftown,Ibegantoacquireconfidence.,become,AfterIhadbeeninstructedtodriveoutoftown,Ibegantobecomeconfidence.,Theexaminermusthavebeenpleasedwithmyperformance,forhesmiledandsaid,Justonemorething,Mr.Eames.,表示对过去事物的猜测musthavedonesth.,bepleasedwith:对满意,Hewaspleasedwithmyprogress.Sheseemedverypleasedthathehadcome.Imsopleasedtohaveseeyouagain.,Icontinueddrivingandaftersometime,theexaminertappedloudly.Thoughthesoundcouldbeheardclearly,ittookmealongtimetoreact.,Samdidntreactinanyway.,Iwonderedhowhedreacttosuchadifficultquestion.,Theexaminerlookedatmesadly,Mr.Eames,hesaid,inamournfulvoice,youhavejustkilledthatchild!,inavoice:以一个的声调,inahappyvoice:开心的说inasorrowvoice:难过的说inaexcitedvoice:激动的说inacrazyvoice:疯狂的说,每句赏析,SurethatIhadpassed,Iwasalmostbeginningtoenjoymytest.Sure,省略结构，完整的形式应该是“Beingsure”,在文中作状语表示原因；almostbeginningtoenjoy,作者信心的再次提升，考试对他来说几乎成了一种消遣。Theexaminermusthavebeenpleasedwithmyperformance,forhesmiledandsaid,Justonemorething,Mr.Eames.musthave对当时情况的推测，很有把握；for从句点明作者作出推测的依据。Letussupposethatachildsuddenlycrossestheroadinfrontofyou.AssoonasItaponthewindow,youmuststopwithinfivefeet.考官设置一个情景。,Icontinueddrivingandaftersometime,theexaminertappedloudly.loudly,声音的强度很大。Thoughthesoundcouldbeheardclearly,ittookmealongtimetoreact.though引导让步状语从句，与主句的情况形成对照。作者可以很清楚地听到窗玻璃的声音，可是他似乎是忘乎所以，过了很久都没有反映过来。,每句赏析,Isuddenlypressedthebrakepedalhardandwewereboththrownforward.suddenly,表示作者突然间反应过来；hard,用力过猛；and之后的句子说明结果；wereboththrownforward,两人都被抛到前面。Theexaminerlookedatmesadly.sadly,考官大失所望。Mr.Eames,hesaid,inamournfulvoice,youhavejustkilledthatchild!inamournfulvoice,考官用一种很悲伤的声调说话，与前文的“sadly”相对应；虽然考官只是设想一种情境，不过看到作者的表现，还是很煞有其事地用悲伤的语气告诉他：孩子给轧死了。考官的一本正经，滑稽幽默跃然之上，让文章生色不少。,每句赏析,Takeabreak,【Keystructures】被动语态的构成：.被动语态由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以do为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。一般现在时：amisaredone一般过去时：wasweredone一般将来时：willshallbedone现在进行时：amisarebeingdone过去进行时：waswerebeingdone现在完成时：havehasbeendone,3）在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。例Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.可改为Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.1.Hemadetheboyworkfortwohoursyesterday.可改为Theboywasmadetoworkbyhimfortwohoursyesterday.2.MotherneverletsmewatchTV.改为IamneverlettowatchTVbymother.,4.在被动语态中还可以用介词+动名词结构。介词（after,before,on）+动名词这个结构通常相当于一个时间状语从句。如果两个动作中有一个在另一个开始之前已经完成，则可以用after+动名词的完成式表示第一个动作；如果只表示先后顺序，则可用after（或before）+动名词结构；on+动名词通常表示两个动作几乎同时发生。Afterhavingbeeninstructedtodriveoutofthetown,Ibegantoacquireconfidence.在接到把车开出城的指令后，我就开始有信心了。Themancalledthepoliceafterbeingrobbed.那人遭抢劫后给警方打了电话Hekilledachildbeforebeingarrested他在被捕前杀死了一个孩子On/Afterbeingtoldthathermotherwasseriously,shehurriedbacktoEngland.她得知母亲病重后连忙回到英国。被动语态用于介词+动名词结构一般不用于口语，比较正式。,Iforadrivinglicenseforthethirdtime.,Itodriveinheavytrafficandhaddonesosuccessfully.,重点整理,for表目的,for+次数,动名词与现在分词做定语的区别：动名词做定语说明所修饰名词的用途；现在分词做定语，表示所修饰名词进行的动作。awalkingstick拐杖（动名词，astickforwalking）asleepingcar卧铺车厢（动名词，acarforsleeping）therisingsun正在升起的太阳（现在分词）thechangingworld变化中的世界（现在分词）,light,wasbeingtested,hadbeenasked,todriveoutoftown,Ibegantoacquireconfidence.,SurethatIhadpassed,Iwasalmostbeginningtoenjoymytest.,现在完成时的被动形式；Havingbeen+过去分词AfterIhadbeeninstructedtodriveoutoftown,Ibegantoacquireconfidence.介词短语作时间状语，主从句的主语一致时，可简化从句。,在句首中省略了being,这个分词结构在句中是状语，表原因。,-Worriedabouthischild,hedidntsleeplastnight.-Ashewasworriedabouthischild,hedidntsleeplastnight.,重点整理,Afterhavingbeeninstructed,Theexaminermusthavebeenpleasedwithmyperformance,forhesmiledandsaid.Justonemorething,Mr.Eames.Letussupposethatachildsuddenlycrossestheroadinfrontofyou.AssoonasItaponthewindow,youmuststopwithinfivefeet.,musthavebeen表示对过去事情的猜测,pleased是个形容词，常用词组是bepleasedwith,suppose(supposing):常用于一个句子或从句前，意思是whatwouldhappenif,用来假设一个条件或某种情况。动词要用一般现在时或一般过去时。如果用过去时，所假设的情况可能性会很小。Supposingwemissthetrainwhatwillwedothen?Wedlovetoattendtheparty,supposing(if)wedonthavetoworklatethatday.,重点整理,2)bepleasedwith对.满意besatisfiedwithbecontentwithe.g.Mybossispleased（satisfiedcontent）withmyworkperformance老板对我的工作表现很满意3.performancen.表现，表演，工作情况Performvt.执行；完成；演奏vi.执行，机器运转；表演performanoperation动手术；做手术performon表演；上演；演奏opportunitytoperform实践的机会；表现机会performmaintenance修理performacontract执行合同,Isuddenlypressedthebrakepedalhardandwe,Theexaminerlookedatmesadly.Mr.Eames,hesaid,inamournfulvoice,youhavejustkilledthatchild!,inavoice以.的声调shetoldusthenewsinalowvoice.,havejustkilled用的是现在完成时，是想强调结果。,重点整理,Icontinueddrivingandaftersometime,theexaminertappedloudly.,Thoughthesoundcouldclearly,ittookmealongtimetoreact.,beheard,wereboththrownforward.,语法学习,做状语的形容词结构示例1：IwassurethatIhadpassed.Iwasalmostbeginningtoenjoymytest.我们把这两句话合并成一个句子：SurethatIhadpassed,Iwasalmostbeginningtoenjoymytest.所以，我们看得很清楚：两个句子的主语（1）都是一致的，所以，可以进行简化处理。示例2：Iwaspleasedwithmysonswords.Igavehim100yuan.合并：Pleasedwithmysonswords,Igavehim100yuan.,我们再回顾一下ing结构和过去分词结构：示例3：Itriedtoavoidmeetinghim.Isetout10minutesearlierthanusual.合并：Tryingtoavoidmeetinghim,Isetout10minutesearlierthanusual.示例4：Hehadeatentheapple.Heaskedforanotherone.合并：Havingeatentheapple,heaskedforanotherone.示例5：Theratwaskilledbyalittleboy.Itwasburiedinahole.合并：Killedbyalittleboy,theratwasburiedinahole.,将下列句子变成被动语态：,TheymadethepianoinGermanyin1681.Itoldyouhecoulddoit.Icantfindmybag.Hemusthavestolenit.Thepolicewerequestioningtheman.Heneverexpectedtheyfoundthebicycle.Ifoundhehadsenttheparcletothewrongplace.,被动语态,语法学习,Iwasbeingtestedforadrivinglicenseforthethirdtime.,Ihadbeenaskedtodriveinheavytrafficandhaddonesosuccessfully.,Afterhavingbeeninstructedtodriveoutoftown,Ibegantoacquireconfidence.,Isuddenlypressedthebrakepedalhardandwewereboththrownforward.,Thoughthesoundcouldbeheardclearly,ittookmealongtimetoreact.,a)用所给动词的正确时态和语态填空。,1.Manystarscan_(see)atnight.2.Thereportis_(write)byoneofthebeststudents.3.Upon_(rob),themancalledthepoliceatonce.4.Hekilledachildbefore_(arrest).5.On_(tell)thathermotherwasseriouslyill,shehurriedbacktoEngland.,6.Shewassentabroadto_(train).7.Thehugebridge_(damage)beforetheWorldWar.8.He_(hear)tomoveaboutinherroomupstairslastnight.9.After_(cheat)byaclient,hechangedhiswayofdoingbusiness.10.Thedrivermust_(punish)bythepolice,helookedsounhappy.,Specialdifficulties,PracticeandAdvicepracticen.（反复的）练习，实践，实行practisevt.&vi.练习，经常做Jimmyusedtopractise(playing)footballeveryafternoon.Shepractisesonthepianoforthreehourseveryday.Hestillneedsalotofpractice.Hepractisesthepianoeveryday.,Specialdifficulties,advicen.忠告,劝告,建议(不可数名词)Shegavemesomegoodadvice/apieceofadviceaboutjobs.advisevt.&vi.劝告，向提供提议Sheadvisedmeagainstgoingtotheparty.她建议/劝我不要去参加聚会Iwanttogiveyousomeadvice.Whatdoyouadvisemetodo?,Specialdifficulties,Enjoy,EntertainandAmuseenjoyvt.欣赏，喜爱，享受之乐（后跟名词、动名词，用于主动语态）Ienjoyswimminginsummer.Werereallyenjoyingourselves.entertainvt.款待，招待，请客；使快乐，给娱乐（=amuse）Weoftenentertainfriendsatweekends.,Specialdifficulties,UncleSamentertains/amusesthechildrenforhoursatatime.萨姆叔叔一连好几小时地逗孩子们乐。Mychildrencanentertain/amusethemselvesforhourswithtellingstoriestoeachother.amusevt.逗乐，逗笑（常用于被动语态）Shewasamusedbyherfathersfunnystories.Hisstoryamusedthechildrenverymuch.,Specialdifficulties,过去进行时wasalmostbeginning1过去进行时主要表示过去某个时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作，常和表示过去时间的状语then，atthis（that）time，yesterday，atnine，lastnight等连用。但在不少情况下，没有表示时间的状语，这时需要通过上下文来表示。,Whatwereyoudoingatninelastnight？昨晚九点时，你在做什么？Icalledyouyesterdayafternoonbuttherewasnoanswer.昨天下午我打电话给你，但是没有人接电话。Iwasvisitingafriendofminemostoftheafternoon.我昨天下午大部分时间，都在一个朋友家里。,2当两个一长一短的动作在过去某时间同时发生时，用过去进行时表示较长的动作。过去进行时可用于主句，也可用于从句。ItwasraininghardwhenIleftmyoffice.当我离开办公室时，雨下得正大。Whenyoucalled，Iwaseating.你打电话时，我正在吃饭。,WhenIwascleaningthewindows，mybrotherwassweepingthefloor.（当）我在擦窗户的时候，我弟弟在拖地。Somestudentswereplayingfootball，whileotherswererunningroundthetrack.一些学生在踢足球，同时别的学生正在跑道上跑步。,Wewerewalkingalongtheriverwhen（suddenly）Itrained.我们沿着河边散步，突然下起雨来。TheywerewatchingTVwhenthelightswentout.停电时，他们刚好在看电视。（注意：同上例）,3过去进行时表示过去将来的动作现在进行时可以表示将来的动作，同样，过去进行时也可以表示从过去某时间看来将要发生的动作。常用在间接引语中。ShewenttoseeXiaoLi.Hewasleavingearlythenextmorning.她去看小李。他第二天一早就要离开此地了。Sheaskedhimwhetherhewascomingbacktolunch.她问他晚饭是否准备回来吃。,回顾Keypoints学习要点,请同学们看下面的几个句子,试分辨它们的时态与语态:Iwasbeingtestedforadrivinglicenceforthethirdtime.IhadbeenaskedtodriveinheavytrafficAfterhavingbeeninstructedtodriveoutoftown,Keypoints学习要点,Iwasbeingtestedforadrivinglicenceforthethirdtime.wasbeingtested是过去进行时+被动,你对了吗?我们曾经学过一个句子:Itisbeingrepairedbyafriendofmyfathers.isbeingrepaired是现在进行时+被动Thebicyclewasbeingsenttohishomebytrain.,Keypoints学习要点,2)Ihadbeenaskedtodriveinheavytraffic.hadbeenasked是明显的过去完成时+被动完成:hadbeen被动:beasked这样的句型我们已经学了不少:Ihavebeenofferedalargesumofmoneyto,Keypoints学习要点,3)Afterhavingbeeninstructedtodriveoutoftownhavingbeeninstructed是完成时+被动由于在介词after后面,后面的动词需要动名词形式.After