英语基础语法(高一专用).ppt

英语基础语法,四大部分,词类词形变换构词法句子成分,词类,n.book,tree,boyadj.red,big,fatadv.fast,easily,slowlyv.add,go,dealnum.first,one,thirty,pron.（代词）we,that,hisart.（冠词）a,an,theprep.（介词）in,on,underconj.（连词）and,or,butint.（感叹词）oh,hello,词形变换,n.：单数，复数，所有格pron.：人称、数、格（主格/宾格/所有格）adj./adv.：原级，比较级，最高级v.：人称，数，时态，语态和语气,构词法,转化：一个词类转化成另一个词类合成：news+paper=newspaper(报纸)passer(s)-by(过路人)mendoctors(男医生)派生：词根加上前缀或后缀tell(告诉)-retell(复述)work(工作)-worker(工人),转化：一种词类转化另一种词类，一词多义,Colorn.颜色v.把涂成颜色eg.Whatcolor(n.)ishishair?Color(v.)thepicturered.Homen.家Letsgotomymams.adv.在家，回家Letsgohome.,句子成分,主体：主语、谓语谓语的组成部分：表语、宾语(直接宾语/间接宾语)、宾语补足语次要部分：定语、状语,主语,表示“是什么”、“是谁”eg.WestudyinNo.1MiddleSchool.Theclassroomisveryclean.Threewereabsent.ToteachthemEnglishismyjob.(不定式做主语时常用形式主语it引出的句型：ItismyjobtoteachthemEnglish.),谓语,说明主语“是什么”、“做什么”、“怎么样”谓语部分里主要的词必须用动词谓语和主语的人称和数必须保持一致,eg.Heisagoodstudent.(系动词+表语)Shelookswell.(系动词+表语)Westudyhard.(实意动词)JimhasbeentoChinatwice.(助动词+be)Wehavefinisheddoinghomework.(助动词+实意动词)HecanspeakEnglish.(情态动词+实意动词),表语,说明主语“是什么”、“怎么样”，一般是n.adj.adv.介词、不定式及相当于n.adj.的词或短语。在系动词后。eg.Youlookyoungerthanbefore.(adj.)Iamateacher.(n.)Everybodyishere.(adv.)Theyareathomenow.(介词短语)MyjobistoteachthemEnglish.(不定式),宾语,是动作、行为的对象。一般是n.代词、不定式或相当于n.的词短语。说明主语“做什么”，在谓语后。eg.Sheisplayingthepianonow.(名词)Heoftenhelpsme.(代词)Theybegantoreadandwrite.(不定式)WeenjoylivinginChina.(动名词),状语,用来修饰v.adj.或adv.一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等，常由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语表示。一般放句末，有时在句中、句首。,Hediditcarefully.Withhishelp(Inorder)tocatchupwithmyfriends,Imuststudyhard.JustasIwasleaving,thephonerangagain.,定语,修饰名词或代词。位置灵活，凡是有名词或代词的地方都可以有定语。eg.Theblackbagismine.(主)Whatisyourname?(表)Theymadepaperflowers.(宾)TheboysintheroomareClass3Grade2.(介短)Ihavesomethingtodo.(不定式)Thankyfortherecordwhichyougiveme.(从),练习,Yougotobedearlier.Itisagoodidea.Thereisapenonthedesk.Helikestosleepintheopenair.,Aprivateconversation私人谈话LastweekIwenttothetheatre.Ihadaverygoodseat.Theplaywasveryinteresting.Ididnotenjoyit.Ayoungmanandayoungwomanweresittingbehindme.Theyweretalkingloudly.Igotveryangry.Icouldnotheartheactors.Iturnedround.,Ilookedatthemanandthewomanangrily.Theydidnotpayanyattention.Intheend,Icouldnotbearit.Iturned