语言学基本内容概念.ppt

,第一单元1Designfeaturesoflanguage：arbitrariness,duality,creativity,displacement.2.Functionsoflanguage：Informative,Interpersonal（人际-）,Performative施为-,Emotive,Phaticcommunion寒暄语，Recreational，Metalinguistic元语言功能3Mainbranchesoflinguistics:Phonetics(speechsounds)语音学/Phonology音系学/Morphology:(words)形态学/Syntax:(structuresofsentences)句法学/Semantics语义学/Pragmatics语用学Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.Importantdistinctioninlinguistics:Descriptive(native)vsprescriptive/Synchronic共时closed/i:/,halfclosed/e/,halfopen/,open/a/3)Thedegreeofliprounding:rounded/u:/,unrounded/i:/4)Monophthongvsdiphthongorpurevowelsvsglidings:/a/,/au/5)Longvsshortvowelsortensevslaxvowels:/i:/,/I/,3WORD-Open/Closed-class封闭/开放类词wordswhosemembershipisfixed(infinite)or(un)limited-Wordclasses分类:categoriesofwordsclassifiedaccordingtotheirgrammatical,semantic,phonologicalpropertiesoronthebasisofformalsimilaritiesintermsofinflectionsanddistribution:interjections!Article冠词/Newwordclassesidentified:Particles小品词(to,not,subordinateelementinphrasalverb),auxiliaties助词(traditional-do,can),pro-forms代词形式,determiners限定词,-morpheme语素minimalunitsofmeaning,包括free/bound-自由/粘着-closed/i:/,halfclosed/e/,halfopen/,open/a/3)Thedegreeofliprounding:rounded/u:/,unrounded/i:/4)Monophthongvsdiphthongorpurevowel