热应激期间达农威益康XP的应用

,预防奶牛热应激饲养技术研讨会,上海奶业行业协会杭州市奶业协会美国达农威公司,2004年3月杭州,热应激期间达农威益康XP的应用UsingDiamondVXPDuringTimesofHeatStress,MarkKujawa博士美国达农威公司DiamondVMills,热应激的影响EffectsOfHeatStress,降低干物质采食量Reduceddrymatterintake降低能量摄入量Reducedenergyintake减少产奶量Reducedmilkyield再配种困难Poorrebreeding降低经济效益Reducedprofitability,对瘤胃的影响RumenEffects,消化率Digestibility微生物的数量MicrobialPopulations,瘤胃细菌RumenBacteria,发酵Fermentation,微生物蛋白MicrobialProtein,净能NetEnergy,干物质采食量DMI,食欲Appetite,繁殖Breeding,体况BodyCondition,产奶量MilkProduction,酵母培养物发酵YeastCultureFermentation,适口因子PalatabilityFactors,营养性代谢物NutritionalMetabolites,奶牛DairyCattle(功能模型FunctionalityModel),酵母培养物对奶牛消化率和瘤胃功能的影响EffectsOfYeastCultureOnDigestibilityAndRumenFunction,试验目的Objective,采用尼龙袋法研究达农威益康XP对玉米青贮消化率的影响TostudytheeffectofDiamondVXPoncornsilagedigestibilityinsitu,将尼龙袋悬浮在娟姗牛的瘤胃中DacronbagssuspendedinrumenofJerseycows三种不同的玉米青贮样品Threedifferentcornsilagesamples研究达农威益康XP和样品加工方法的影响StudiedtheeffectofDiamondVXPandsampleprocessing每头牛每天投喂56g达农威益康XP56gDiamondVXP/cow/day,材料与方法MaterialsAndMethods,达农威益康XP对玉米青贮瘤胃消化率的影响EffectOfDiamondVXPOnInSituCornSilageDigestibility,YoonandGarrett.1998.WorldAnim.Prod.Vol1:322-323.,达农威益康XP对瘤胃功能的影响EffectOfDiamondVYeastCultureOnRumenFunction,试验目的Objective,测定达农威益康XP对瘤胃液相流通速度、稀释率和发酵的影响TodeterminetheeffectofDiamondVYeastCultureonrumenliquidflowanddilutionrateandfermentation,材料与方法MaterialsAndMethods,每个处理分配5头安装瘤胃瘘管的阉牛Fiveruminallycannulatedsteersassignedtoeachtreatment苜蓿干草和高粱基础日粮Alfalfahayandgrainsorghumbaseddiet在14天试验期中的第13天给阉牛投服指示剂Steersweredosedwithmarkersonday13ofthe14-dayexperimentalperiod处理Treatments对照组Control达农威益康DiamondVYeastCulture(1.85%),瘤胃测定指标RuminalMeasurements,干物质采食量Drymatterintake液相体积Liquidvolume,L瘤胃液的数量amountofliquidintherumen液相流通速度Liquidflowrate,L/hr每小时通过瘤胃的液体体积volumeofliquidwashingoutoftherumenperhour液相稀释率Liquiddilutionrate,%/hr每小时通过瘤胃的液体百分比proportionofliquidthatwashesoutoftherumen/hr,酵母培养物对瘤胃消化动态学的影响EffectOfYeastCultureOnRumenDigestionKinetics,Adamsetal.1981.J.Anim.Sci.53:780.,*P.01,结论Conclusion,达农威益康可提高干物质采食量、液相稀释率和液相流通速度DiamondVYeastCultureincreasedDMI,liquiddilutionrateandliquidoutflowrate缩短液相周转时间Liquidturnovertime9.7hrsControl对照组9.3hrsYeastCulture益康组,在热应激条件下提高干物质采食量是有益的IncreasedDMIintakeisbeneficialunderheatstressconditions提高液相稀释率意味着可提高水的摄入量和微生物产量Increasedliquiddilutionmeansincreasedwaterconsumptionandmoremicrobialyield,提示Implications,目的Objective,研究达农威益康对瘤胃功能和养分消化的影响TostudytheeffectofDiamondVYeastCultureonruminalcharacteristicsandnutrientdigestibility,材料与方法MaterialsAndMethods,每个处理分配4头安装瘤胃瘘管的荷斯坦奶牛FourHolsteincowsfittedwithruminalfistulasassignedeachtreatment苜蓿干草和压片大麦基础日粮Alfalfahayandrolledbarley-baseddiet铬-EDTA和铬标记纤维作为瘤胃食糜标记物Cr-EDTA&Cr-mordantedfiberusedasmarkersforruminaldigestakinetics试验处理Treatments对照组Control达农威益康DiamondVYeastCulture(1%),瘤胃测定指标RuminalMeasurements,液相体积Liquidvolume,L液相稀释率Liquiddilutionrate,%/h液相流通速度Liquidoutflowrate,%/h固相食糜流通率Particulaterateofpassage,%/h瘤胃细菌蛋白RuminalbacteriaVFA产量VFAproduction,达农威益康对瘤胃流通的影响EffectOfDiamondVYeastCultureOnRuminalFlow,Wiedmeieretal.1987.J.DairySci.70:2063.,*P.05,Wiedmeieretal.1987.J.DairySci.70:2063.,达农威益康对瘤胃细菌和VFA的影响EffectOfDiamondVYeastCultureOnRuminalBacteriaAndVFA,小结Summary,达农威益康可提高干物质采食量DiamondVYeastCultureincreaseddrymatterintake达农威益康可提高液相体积、流通速度、稀释率和缩短周转时间DiamondVYeastCultureincreasedliquidvolume,flowrate,dilutionrateanddecreaseturnovertime提高液相稀释率导致提高微生物和VFA产量IncreasedliquiddilutionresultedinimprovedmicrobialyieldandVFAproduction缩短液相周转时间提高水摄入量热应激下非常重要Decreasedliquidturnoverenhanceswaterconsumptionimportantunderheatstress,达农威益康提高瘤胃细菌DiamondVYeastCultureIncreasesRumenBacteria,Harrisonetal.1988.J.DairySci.71:2967-2975.Wiedmeieretal.1987.J.DairySci.70:2063-2068.,瘤胃细菌RumenBacteria(刺激生长GrowthStimulation),细菌总量TotalBacteria,纤维分解菌CellulolyticBacteria,+64%,+30%,+55%,+60%,P.05,P.05,体外试验乳酸利用菌的生长InVitroLactateUtilizerGrowth,试验设计ExperimentalDesign,纯培养生长PureCultureGrowth培养24小时24HourIncubation两种细菌TwoSpeciesofBacteria反刍月形单胞菌Selenomonasruminantium埃氏巨球形菌Megasphaeraelsdenii,CalawayandMartin.1997.UniversityofGeorgia.,细菌生长BacterialGrowth(乳酸利用菌LactateUtilizers),CalawayandMartin.1997.UniversityofGeorgia.,乳酸利用菌的生长GrowthofLactateUtilizers24小时浊度24HourTurbidity,反刍月形单胞菌Selenomonasruminantium,埃氏巨球形菌Megasphaeraelsdenii,体外试验纤维消化菌InVitroFiberDigestingBacteria,试验设计ExperimentalDesign,纯培养PureCultureGrowth培养24小时24HourIncubation3种细菌ThreeSpeciesofBacteria产琥珀酸丝状杆菌Fibrobactersuccinogenes生黄瘤胃球菌Ruminococcusflavefaciens白色瘤胃球菌Ruminococcusalbus,CalawayandMartin.1997.UniversityofGeorgia.,纤维分解菌CellulolyticBacteria(24小时生长24HourGrowth),CalawayandMartin.1997.UniversityofGeorgia.,丙酸PropionicAcid,CalawayandMartin.1997.UniversityofGeorgia.,反刍月形单胞菌Selenomonasruminantium,埃氏巨球形菌Megasphaeraelsdenii,P.10,P.05,P.05,瘤胃内pH值为6.8时6.8pHInTheRumen,pH5.5引起乳酸增加5.5pHCausesIncreasedLactate,乳酸模式LactateModel(反刍动物Ruminants),达农威益康XP与热应激XPAndHeatStress,牛场研究DairyResearch,热应激期间达农威益康对产量的影响EffectOfDiamondVYeastCultureOnProductionDuringHeatStress,186头经产荷斯坦奶牛（泌乳天数170天）Onehundredeighty-sixmultiparousHolsteincows(170DIM)研究持续12周Twelveweekstudy玉米青贮基础全混日粮CornsilagebasedTMR每天饲喂达农威益康112克112g(4oz)DiamondVYeastCulture,HarrisandLobo-1988佛罗里达大学UniversityofFlorida,热应激期间达农威益康XP对产奶量的影响EffectOfDiamondVYeastCultureOnProductionDuringHeatStress,HarrisandLobo.1988.J.DairySci.71(Supp.1):276.,*P.05,269头经产荷斯坦奶牛（泌乳天数102天）Twohundredsixty-ninemultiparousHolsteincows(102DIM)8周研究Eightweekstudy玉米青贮基础全混日粮CornsilagebasedTMR每天饲喂56克达农威益康XP56g(2oz)DiamondVXPYeastCulture,HarrisandWebb-1990佛罗里达大学UniversityofFlorida,热应激期间达农威益康XP对产奶量的影响EffectOfDiamondVXPOnMilkProductionDuringHeatStress,HarrisandWebb.1990.J.DairySci.73(Suppl.1):266.,*P.05,热应激期间达农威益康XP对产奶量的影响EffectOfDiamondVXPOnMilkProductionDuringHeatStress,夏季达农威益康XP对以色列荷斯坦奶牛产奶量的影响EffectOfDiamondVXPOnSummerProductionInIsraeliHolsteinCows,156头荷斯坦奶牛（泌乳天数120天）Onehundredfifty-sixHolsteincows(120DIM)9周研究Nineweekstudy大麦青贮基础全混日粮BarleysilagebasedTMR每天饲喂达农威益康XP50克50g(2oz)DiamondVXPYeastCulture,Braun-1993KibbutzDorot,以色列Israel,Braun.1993.MatmorCentralFeedMill,Israel.,*P.01,夏季达农威益康XP对以色列荷斯坦奶牛产奶量的影响EffectOfDiamondVXPOnSummerProductionInIsraeliHolsteinCows,达农威益康XP对热应激荷斯坦奶牛的影响EffectOfXPOnHeat-StressedHolsteinCows,66头经产荷斯坦奶牛（200DIM）Sixty-sixmultiparousHolsteincows(200DIM)10周研究Tenweekstudy60%的奶牛使用bST60%ofcowsonbST玉米青贮基础TMRCornsilagebasedTMR每天饲喂达农威益康XP45克45g(1.6oz)DiamondVXPYeastCulture,牛场试验FieldTrial-1997北卡罗莱纳州NorthCarolina,每天的热应激指数DailyHeatStressIndex,NorthCarolinaFieldTrial.1997.,NorthCarolinaFieldTrial.1997.,*P.06,达农威益康XP对热应激荷斯坦奶牛的影响Effec