山东中考英语第二部分专题语法高效突破专项9动词.ppt

第二部分专题语法高效突破,专项9动词,高频考点精讲考点1动词的种类1.实义动词表示动作或状态，有完整的词义，能独立作谓语。按其是否带宾语，可分为及物动词(带宾语)和不及物动词(不带宾语)。2.及物动词及物动词本身意思不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意思表达完整，如：reach，ask，return，love，need，teach等。及物动词常用于下面三种句型中：(1)主语谓语(及物动词)宾语。如：HereachedCanadathedaybeforeyesterday.他前天到达加拿大的。(2)主语谓语(及物动词)宾语宾语补足语。如：Theyaskedmetogofishingwiththem.他们让我和他们一起去钓鱼。(3)主语谓语(及物动词)间接宾语直接宾语。如：Iwillreturnhimthestorybook.我准备把故事书还给他。,【注意】带双宾语的及物动词，如果把直接宾语置于间接宾语之前，必须在变换时加to或for，构成“及物动词直接宾语to/for间接宾语”句型。【巧记】巧记带双宾语的及物动词“七给”“一带”“to”不少；“买”“画”“制作”“for”来了“七给”(give，pass，lend，write，show，send，hand)和“一带”(bring)，在直接宾语前置时，必须在后面加to；“buy，draw，make”在直接宾语前置时，必须在后面加for。,3.不及物动词不及物动词本身意思完整，无须接宾语，构成“主语谓语”的句型，如：swim，come，go，run，travel等；如后面接宾语，则必须与介词连用。如：Lucyisswimming.露西正在游泳。Iamwaitingforyouattheschoolgate.我正在校门口等你。4.延续性动词和非延续性动词(1)延续性动词表示动作是可以持续的，可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：live，study，work，keep，teach等。如：Youcankeepthisbookfortwoweeks.你可以借这本书两周。HehasbeenstudyingFrenchforabout3months.他已经学习法语三个月了。(2)非延续性动词表示瞬间动作，动作一发生便立即结束。如buy，lend，borrow，begin，stop，arrive，finish，go，come等。非延续性动词不能和表示时间段的状语连用，如果要与表示时间段的状语连用，就要用其他的词代替。如：Tomarrivedherefivedaysago.汤姆五天前到达这里。MayIborrowyoureraser？我可以借用你的橡皮吗？,5.系动词本身有词义，不能独立作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语。,考点2近义动词辨析动词种类与用法繁多，尤其是意思相近或者用法相近的动词、动词词组特别容易混淆。如：puton“穿上”；putup“举手，张贴，搭建”；putoff“推迟”等形近的动词词组更加难以区别。,初中阶段易混动词、动词词组归纳,考点3动词短语以动词为中心构成的短语称为动词短语，英语中的动词短语数以万计，起着重要的作用。1.常见的动词词组有如下几种形式：,2.常见动词短语如下：(1)come短语comeon加油comeout出版；出现comeover来访comealong出现(2)cut短语cutdown削减；砍倒cutup切碎；抨击cutout切断；删去cutoff切断；中断cutin插嘴cutinto打断；侵犯(3)get短语getto到达getup起床；起来getover克服geton进展getoff离开gettogether相聚getreadyfor.为做准备(4)make短语makeadecision做出决定makealiving谋生makeamistake犯错makeup组成；构成,(5)take短语takeup占据takeaway带走；拿走takeoff起飞；脱掉takedown写下；记下takeplace发生takecareof照顾takepartin参加takeafter与相像(6)turn短语turnon打开turnoff关闭turnup开大；调高turndown调低；关小turnin上交turnout结果是(7)down短语cutdown砍到falldown落下；摔倒diedown逐渐变弱；逐渐消失pulldown拆下；摧毁writedown记下turndown把调低，关小liedown躺下breakdown停止运转；出故障,(8)on短语dependon依靠；依赖concentrateon集中注意力decideon视而定；决定于liveon以为食；靠为生keepon继续(前行)passon传递tryon试穿；试试看relyon依靠(9)out短语blowout吹熄；爆裂breakout(战争、火灾等)突然发生；爆发bringout使显现；使表现出checkout查明；结账clearout清理；丢掉cleanout清除；把打扫干净cutout删除；删去eatout出去吃饭findout查明；发现；了解getout出去；离开handout分发；发放,hangout(俚语)闲荡；闲逛keepout不让进入layout摆开；布置leaveout不包括；不提及；忽略pointout指出sellout卖完；售光setout出发；启程tryout选拔；试用workout产生结果；发展；成功(10)off短语breakoff突然中止；中断shutoff关闭；停止运转setoff出发cutoff切除cleanoff把擦掉(11)up短语bringup教育；培养cheerup庆祝cutup切碎dressup盛装打扮fixup维修growup长大hangup挂断电话hurryup赶快；快一点setup创立；创办wakeup睡醒；醒来stayup不睡觉；熬夜,十年真题全练动词是英语词汇中最重要的一部分，它们承担着各种重要的角色。青岛中考主要考查动词词性、词义辨析、还有动词短语的辨析。在平时的学习当中，同学们应该准确记住动词的种类与词义，对于动词短语也应牢记于心，尤其是运用到具体语境中，方便理解记忆。同时，应掌握推理法与排除法等解题方法；掌握一些不规则动词的各种变换形式的拼写，从而有助于准确解题。2018年的中考动词的命题会面面俱到，分值高。所以同学们要做好充分的准备。,考点1动词的种类1.2017青岛，11题Theseorangeslooknice，but_B_verysour.A.feelB.tasteC.soundD.look2.2017青岛，12题Weshouldkeepquietinthecinema.We_D_speakloudly.A.canB.mustC.needntD.mustnt3.2016青岛，9题Thegirlintheclassroom_C_beSarah.Shehasgonetothelibrary.A.mayB.mustC.cantD.neednt4.2015青岛，7题Themeatontheplate_A_sodelicious.Letstryittogether.A.smellsB.soundsC.seesD.feels5.2015青岛，8题You_D_returnthebooknow.Youcankeepituntilnextweekifyoulike.A.havetoB.cantC.mustntD.neednt,6.2014青岛，14题WhereisJenny?Imnotsure.She_C_intheschoollibrary.A.maybeB.mustbeC.maybeD.willbe7.2013青岛，7题Excuseme，sir.You_A_openthedoorbeforethetrainstops.A.mustntB.needntC.maynotD.donthaveto8.2012青岛，25题Mom，_B_Ihangoutwithmyfriendsnow?Sure，butyou_cleanupyourbedroomfirst.A.can；needB.may；havetoC.must；needD.need；must9.2010青岛，28题Sometimestheads_B_butdonttellyouanythingaboutthequalityoftheproduct.A.lookwellB.soundgoodC.tastegoodD.seembad10.2009青岛，21题Isthewomaninwhiteourmanager?It_C_beher.ShehasjustleftforShanghai.A.mustB.mayC.cantD.couldnt,考点2动词和动词短语的辨析11.2017青岛，14题Youcan_D_thewordinthedictionaryifyoudontknowit.A.giveawayB.cutoffC.takeafterD.lookup12.2016青岛，10题Ourcountryistakingactionto_A_airpollution.A.cutdownB.cutupC.cutoutD.cutoff13.2015青岛，9题Theyheardthepartywas_C_becauseoftheexam.A.putonB.putupC.putoffD.putdown14.2015青岛，10题AsmileAnothing，butgivesmuch.A.costsB.spendsC.costD.spend15.2015青岛，14题ThemovieissointerestingthatIdont_B_seeingitagaintomorrow.A.enjoyB.mindC.keepD.finish,16.2014青岛，9题IDtheschoolbusthismorning.Luckily，Tonysfathergavemearide.A.tookB.caughtC.sawD.missed17.2014青岛，10题Childrenthesedays_D_theirparentstoomuch.Theyshouldlearnhowtolookafterthemselves.A.getonB.keeponC.holdonD.dependon18.2013青岛，24题He_D_plentyofmoneytothepeopleintheearthquakearea_.A.putout；toworkoutwellB.handedout；helpthemoutC.gaveout；workoutwellD.gaveaway；tohelpthemout19.2013青岛，9题HowmuchisthetickettoCentralPark?Aonewayticket_A_$40，andyoucan_another$20foraroundtrip.A.costs；payB.cost；spendC.pay；spendD.spends；pay,20.2011青岛，35题Someparentsmightworrythattheirchildrenshobbiescan_D_schoolwork.A.getthewayofB.getonthewayofC.getonwellwithD.getinthewayof21.2012青岛，34题StudentsatGreenHighSchooloftenA_booksfromtheirschoollibraryandcan_themforaweek.A.borrow；keepB.lend；keepC.borrow；borrowD.keep；borrow22.2011青岛，28题Mycaralarmisalways_A_whenevermyneighborscatgoesundermycar.A.goingoffB.goingoutC.breakingdownD.settingoff23.2010青岛，25题Whatwillyoudoifyouseesomeone_B_inline?Iwillsay“Wouldyoumindjoiningtheline？”A.waitB.cutsC.waitingD.cut,24.2008青岛，23题Lotsofpeopleinourcity_A_theoldandthedisabled.Theyusuallyoffertheirseatstothemonbusesorhelpthemcrosstheroad.A.careforB.takecareC.agreewithD.takepridein,猜押预测1.ItssaidthatnuclearpowerwillbeusedtoproduceelectricityinXianning.However，nuclearpower_beverydangerous.A.canB.needC.mustD.should2.Thecheesedoesnt_good.Whydontwegotobuysomefreshcheese?Soundsgreat!A.seeB.findC.soundD.taste3.IwonderiftheseareDannysglasses.They_beDannys.Hedoesntwearglasses.A.cantB.mustC.mustntD.can4.CouldIrideanelectricbicycletoschool，Mr.Wang?No，you_.Studentsunde