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西安文理学院本科毕业设计（论文）中期检查表题 目后托架零件的加工工艺设计学生姓名常峰学 号08102080220专业名称机械设计制造及其自动化指导教师贾建利检查时间2012-4-15班 级08机电2班毕 业 设 计（论文） 进 展 情 况 通过对后托架零件的设计与制造的相关资料的学习，以及对整个设计的了解，现基本完成以下设计工作：1. 完成后托架零件的加工工艺设计与分析。2.零件重要参数的确定。完成对外文的翻译。3.完成零件图的绘制。下一步设计工作内容是对夹具的设计及绘制CAD图。并完成毕业论文。指 导 教 师 意 见签字： 年 月 日教研室意见签字： 年 月 日西 安 文 理 学 院本科毕业设计（论文）任务书学生姓名 常峰 专业班级 08机电(2)班 学 号 08102080220 指导教师 贾建利 职 称 讲师 教研室 题目 后托架零件加工工艺设计 任务与要求本课题要求学生利用所学理论和专业知识，解决工程中零件实际加工问题。具体要求如下：1、调研、查阅文献资料,明确设计任务（设计对象如零件图），完成开题报告，安排设计进度；2、确定零件加工工艺方案（至少有3种方案比较，确定最优方案）；3、进行零件加工工艺规程编制；4、进行零件的加工工序中的工装夹具设计和机械加工工艺卡片制定； 5、绘制装配图及主要零件图；6、撰写毕业论文。开始日期 2011.12.01 完成日期 2012.05.18 系主任（签字）： 年 月 日西 安 文 理 学 院本科毕业设计（论文）工作计划学生姓名 常峰 专业班级 08机电（2） 学 号 08102080220 指导教师 贾建利 职 称 讲师 教研室 题目 后托架零件加工工艺设计 工作进程起止时间工作内容12 周：34周：56周：711周：1214周：15周：16周：调研、查阅文献资料,明确设计任务（设计对象如零件图），完成开题报告，安排设计进度；确定零件加工工艺方案（至少有3种方案比较，确定最优方案）；进行零件加工工艺规程编制；进行零件的加工工序中的工装夹具设计和机械加工工艺卡片制定；绘制装配图及主要零件图、撰写毕业论文；提交论文和图纸，请指导教师审阅，准备答辩事宜；毕业答辩。主要参考书目（资料）机械制造工程学机械加工工艺设计金属切削加工工艺手册机械加工工艺设计手册机械设计手册主要仪器设备及材料最好自己拥有计算机，保证一定上机机时。设计（论文）过程中教师的指导答疑安排（写明时间、地点）周二、周五下午 西安工业大学教四楼410室指导教师（签字）： 负责指导教师（签字）： 年 月 日注：本计划一式两份，一份交系，一份自己保存机械制造教研室机 械 加 工 工 序 卡 产品型号零件名称零件号831001后托架831001工序名称铣底面工序号技检要求检验毛坯尺寸是否有余量是否符合公差基准面圆柱面和反面材料同时加工零件数设备牌号硬度名称型号45#HBS2101夹具定 额代号名称单件时间（分）每班次数每台件数工人等级工步号工步内容走刀长度(毫米）走刀次数切削深度(毫米）切削速度（米/秒）主轴转速（转/分）进给量（毫米/转）机动时间（分）辅助时间（分）刀具辅具量具名称规格数量名称规格数量名称规格1粗铣底面103131.223700.180.260.2端面铣刀1夹具1游标卡尺2精铣底面10311.51.524600.150.330.2端面铣刀1夹具1游标卡尺拟制日期审核日期批准日期共 页第 页机械制造教研室机 械 加 工 工 序 卡 产品型号零件名称零件号831001后托架831001工序名称粗镗杠孔工序号技检要求检验毛坯尺寸是否有余量是否符合公差基准面圆柱面和反面材料同时加工零件数设备牌号硬度名称型号45#HBS2101夹具定 额代号名称单件时间（分）每班次数每台件数工人等级工步号工步内容走刀长度(毫米）走刀次数切削深度(毫米）切削速度（米/秒）主轴转速（转/分）进给量（毫米/转）机动时间（分）辅助时间（分）刀具辅具量具名称规格数量名称规格数量名称规格1粗镗直径25.5的杠孔69.4120.343000.350.660.2高速钢刀具1夹具1游标卡尺2粗镗直径30.2的杠孔69.4120.342500.450.620.2高速钢刀具1夹具1游标卡尺3粗镗直径40的杠孔69.4120.472500.50.560.2高速钢刀具1夹具1游标卡尺拟制日期审核日期批准日期共 页第 页机械制造教研室机 械 加 工 工 序 卡 产品型号零件名称零件号831001后托架831001工序名称半精镗杠孔工序号技检要求检验毛坯尺寸是否有余量是否符合公差基准面圆柱面和反面材料同时加工零件数设备牌号硬度名称型号45#HBS2101夹具定 额代号名称单件时间（分）每班次数每台件数工人等级工步号工步内容走刀长度(毫米）走刀次数切削深度(毫米）切削速度（米/秒）主轴转速（转/分）进给量（毫米/转）机动时间（分）辅助时间（分）刀具辅具量具名称规格数量名称规格数量名称规格1半精镗直径25.5的杠孔6811.20.353000.350.660.2高速钢刀具1夹具1游标卡尺2半精镗直径30.2的杠孔6811.20.352500.450.620.2高速钢刀具1夹具1游标卡尺3半精镗直径40的杠孔6811.20.422500.50.560.2高速钢刀具1夹具1游标卡尺拟制日期审核日期批准日期共 页第 页机械制造教研室机 械 加 工 工 序 卡 产品型号零件名称零件号831001后托架831001工序名称精镗杠孔工序号技检要求检验毛坯尺寸是否有余量是否符合公差基准面圆柱面和反面材料同时加工零件数设备牌号硬度名称型号45#HBS2101夹具定 额代号名称单件时间（分）每班次数每台件数工人等级工步号工步内容走刀长度(毫米）走刀次数切削深度(毫米）切削速度（米/秒）主轴转速（转/分）进给量（毫米/转）机动时间（分）辅助时间（分）刀具辅具量具名称规格数量名称规格数量名称规格1精镗直径25.5的杠孔67.410.80.353000.350.660.2高速钢刀具1夹具1游标卡尺2精镗直径30.2的杠孔67.410.80.352500.450.620.2高速钢刀具1夹具1游标卡尺3精镗直径40的杠孔67.410.80.422500.50.560.2高速钢刀具1夹具1游标卡尺锪面R212413.50.313000.120.310.2硬质合金锥柄麻花锪钻头1夹具1游标卡尺拟制日期审核日期批准日期共 页第 页机械制造教研室机 械 加 工 工 序 卡 产品型号零件名称零件号831001后托架831001工序名称钻孔工序号技检要求检验毛坯尺寸是否有余量是否符合公差基准面圆柱面和反面材料同时加工零件数设备牌号硬度名称型号45#HBS2101夹具定 额代号名称单件时间（分）每班次数每台件数工人等级工步号工步内容走刀长度(毫米）走刀次数切削深度(毫米）切削速度（米/秒）主轴转速（转/分）进给量（毫米/转）机动时间（分）辅助时间（分）刀具辅具量具名称规格数量名称规格数量名称规格1钻孔4-10142151.227000.330.260.2硬质合金锥柄麻花钻头1夹具1游标卡尺2扩孔2-1313411.51.525500.90.330.2硬质合金锥柄麻花钻头1夹具1游标卡尺拟制日期审核日期批准日期共 页第 页机械制造教研室机 械 加 工 工 序 卡 产品型号零件名称零件号831001后托架831001工序名称钻孔工序号技检要求检验毛坯尺寸是否有余量是否符合公差基准面圆柱面和反面材料同时加工零件数设备牌号硬度名称型号45#HBS2101夹具定 额代号名称单件时间（分）每班次数每台件数工人等级工步号工步内容走刀长度(毫米）走刀次数切削深度(毫米）切削速度（米/秒）主轴转速（转/分）进给量（毫米/转）机动时间（分）辅助时间（分）刀具辅具量具名称规格数量名称规格数量名称规格1钻孔4-10142151.227000.330.260.2硬质合金锥柄麻花钻头1夹具1游标卡尺2扩孔2-1313411.51.525500.90.330.2硬质合金锥柄麻花钻头1夹具1游标卡尺3锪孔2-202413.50.313000.120.310.2硬质合金锥柄麻花钻头1夹具1游标卡尺4锪孔1347130.345000.130.340.2硬质合金锥柄麻花钻头1夹具1游标卡尺拟制日期审核日期批准日期共 页第 页机械制造教研室机 械 加 工 工 序 卡 产品型号零件名称零件号831001后托架831001工序名称钻孔工序号技检要求检验毛坯尺寸是否有余量是否符合公差基准面圆柱面和反面材料同时加工零件数设备牌号硬度名称型号45#HBS2101夹具定 额代号名称单件时间（分）每班次数每台件数工人等级工步号工步内容走刀长度(毫米）走刀次数切削深度(毫米）切削速度（米/秒）主轴转速（转/分）进给量（毫米/转）机动时间（分）辅助时间（分）刀具辅具量具名称规格数量名称规格数量名称规格1钻孔658.9131.2212000.260.260.2硬质合金锥柄麻花钻头1夹具1游标卡尺2钻孔M6的螺纹孔18.512.61.5213000.250.330.2硬质合金锥柄麻花钻头1夹具1游标卡尺3对孔M6的螺纹孔攻丝3112.60.3135010.310.2硬质合金锥柄麻花钻头1夹具1游标卡尺拟制日期审核日期批准日期共 页第 页机械加工工艺过程卡产品型号831001零（部）图号共 2 页产品名称后托架零（部）名称后托架第 2 页材料牌号45毛坯种类铸造毛坯外形尺寸每毛坯件数1每台件数1备 注工序号工序名称工 序 内 容车间工段设 备工 艺 装 备工 时准终单件10铸造铸造铸造铸造20时效时效处理，去应力时效时效30粗铣粗铣底面机加工铣铣床 X62W硬质合金面铣刀游标卡尺、工装XJ00140精铣精铣底面机加工铣铣床 X62W硬质合金面铣刀游标卡尺、工装XJ00150粗镗粗镗直径25.5的杠孔机加工镗卧式镗床T68硬质合金镗刀游标卡尺、工装60粗镗粗镗直径30.2的杠孔机加工镗卧式镗床T68硬质合金镗刀游标卡尺、工装70粗镗粗镗直径40的杠孔机加工镗卧式镗床T68硬质合金镗刀游标卡尺、工装80半精镗半精镗直径25.5的杠孔机加工镗卧式镗床T68硬质合金镗刀游标卡尺、工装90半精镗半精镗直径30.2的杠孔机加工镗卧式镗床T68硬质合金镗刀游标卡尺、工装100半精镗半精镗直径40的杠孔机加工镗卧式镗床T68硬质合金镗刀游标卡尺、工装110精镗精镗直径25.5的杠孔机加工镗卧式镗床T68硬质合金镗刀游标卡尺、工装120精镗精镗直径30.2的杠孔机加工镗卧式镗床T68硬质合金镗刀游标卡尺、工装130精镗精镗直径40的杠孔机加工镗卧式镗床T68硬质合金镗刀游标卡尺、工装140锪面锪面R21机加工锪钻床Z525锥柄麻花钻游标卡尺、工装标卡尺、工装XJ001150钻孔钻孔4-10机加工钻钻床Z525锥柄麻花钻游标卡尺、工装标卡尺、工装XJ001160钻孔扩孔2-13机加工钻钻床Z525锥柄麻花钻游标卡尺、工装标卡尺、工装XJ001170钻孔钻孔4-10机加工钻钻床Z525锥柄麻花钻游标卡尺、工装标卡尺、工装XJ001180扩孔扩孔2-13机加工钻钻床Z525锥柄麻花钻游标卡尺、工装标卡尺、工装XJ001190锪孔锪孔2-20机加工钻钻床Z525锥柄麻花钻游标卡尺、工装标卡尺、工装XJ001200锪孔锪孔13机加工钻钻床Z525锥柄麻花钻游标卡尺、工装标卡尺、工装XJ001设计（日期）审核（日期）标准化（日期）会签（日期）标记处记更改文件号签字日期机械加工工艺过程卡产品型号831001零（部）图号共 2 页产品名称后托架零（部）名称后托架第 2 页材料牌号45毛坯种类铸造毛坯外形尺寸每毛坯件数1每台件数1备 注工序号工序名称工 序 内 容车间工段设 备工 艺 装 备工 时准终单件210钻孔钻孔6机加工钻钻床Z525锥柄麻花钻游标卡尺、工装标卡尺、工装XJ001220钻孔钻孔M6的螺纹孔机加工钻钻床Z525锥柄麻花钻游标卡尺、工装标卡尺、工装XJ001230攻丝对孔M6的螺纹孔攻丝机加工钻钻床Z525锥柄麻花钻游标卡尺、工装标卡尺、工装XJ001240检验检验入库设计（日期）审核（日期）标准化（日期）会签（日期）标记处记更改文件号签字日期Single-screw Machine Tool Layout and StructureAbstract Machine is a national symbol of high and low level of manufacturing industry, the core is a CNC system. We are currently not say that the system is the quality of domestic-made CNC machine tools a little better, the use of high-precision ball screws, bearings are imported, mainly to buy in Japan, our homegrown ball screw, bearings in precision, there are problems in life.This paper describes four areas from the existing single-screw machine layout and structure, and put out the advantages and disadvantages of the list, because of the compressor plant single-screw machine tools and machine tool external Security information, the above introduction there is inevitably one-sided and wrong, and are therefore single-screw compressor for the production of reference works. Key Words Machine Spindle Bearing ToolMachine is a national symbol of high and low level of manufacturing industry, the core is a CNC system. We are currently not say that the system is the quality of domestic-made CNC machine tools a little better, the use of high-precision ball screws, bearings are imported, mainly to buy in Japan, our homegrown ball screw, bearings in precision, there are problems in life. Currently the major machine tool plant, purchased 100% of NC system, the manufacturers generally buy a Japanese Fanuc, Mitsubishi systems, accounting for more than 80%, but also Germanys Siemens system, but relatively small. Why is Germanys Siemens system used by small? Early, the German system is not able to fit our power grid. Our power grid stability is not enough, Siemens electronic servo system, the module easy to burn out. Japan is different, and their system is not a bad burn. Recently, a number of Siemens system improvements, price is still slightly higher. Germany is very great importance to China, so Chinese of their system only recently, unlike Japan, there are Chinese-based version of the long ago.They are introduced in the late 90s Japanese technology development. South Korea should be a little better. It has its own manufacturing, has commercialized the NC system, but imports of machine tools in China in response to our requirements, but also replaced the Japanese system. We trusted their systems. South Korean CNC machine tools are mainly two: Daewoo and Hyundai. Daewoo currently has a joint venture in China. However, their poor quality machine tools, life is short, the current bad influence in the mainland. In fact, they were better than we made a little. However, our own poor, we can tolerate, Taiwans machine is purchased with U.S. dollars, with the bad, and that the fire larger. Taiwans main plant, several tools have been intended to move their factories to the mainland, most of them in Shanghai. These plants currently in the domestic competition, but also the name of the banner made.On the domestic advanced numerical control machine tools, its main profit is taken away by foreigners. Recently, as Chinas economic development, also caused some of the major machine tool manufacturers in the worlds attention in 2000, China set up a joint venture of NC machine tool plant, said production level is very high, known as intelligent, network-based factory, and the world simultaneously. Also this year, a major Japanese Okuma Machine Tool Plant in Beijing, set up an annual output of 1000 sets CNC machine tools can be a holding company of a well-known German companies are setting up a Shanghai factory. At present, the countries have developed a number of policies to encourage people to use domestic CNC machine tool, each manufacturer is trying to catch up. the 80% are imported, domestic machine tools to meet needs. Within the next five years, this trend will not change. However, in terms of the present domestic needs, Chinas CNC machine tools now are able to meet the medium and low product orders. First, introduce the layout of machine tools The first is: machine tool rotary tool spindle center and the center distance for the fixed Machine tool rotary tool spindle center and the center distance for the fixed, can not adjust the center distance. Processing of several of the screw diameter on the center distance required several different specifications of the machine. Advantages: simple structure of the machine. Disadvantage: each machine can only process a specification of the screw, when the market on a certain specification requirements when the screw compressor, resulting in a machine, other machine idle. The second: the machine tool spindle box for rotary Spindle box that the machine can turn on a machine at the above-mentioned article on the use of the improvements, with the first structure of a machine tool is basically the same. Advantages: the structure of machine tool easy to adapt to a variety of specifications of the processing screw. One disadvantage: after the rotating spindle box and the tool spindle turning center line distance between the center line of accurate measurement difficult. The third: the machine tool spindle box for horizontal mobile Box at the bottom of the spindle and the base there is arranged between the rectangular sliding rail, spindle box perpendicular to the direction of movement of spindle centerline and perpendicular to the centerline of the tool rotation. Through the power of the spindle box shaft to the base of the tool feed mechanism. Screw diameter, according to the size of the processing in the processing of the previous round by hand to the body put into the screw spindle box moved to the appropriate location, and then screw the spindle box on a fixed base. Horizontal spindle box can be used as a mobile machine can process diameter 95 385mm any kind between the screw specifications. 95 385mm processing because of the diameter of the screw, causing the front surface and the tool spindle rotation the distance between the center line of the margin is too large, the actual application in the design specifications of the machine into two, a 95 205mm machine screw diameter Another 180 385mm machine screw diameter. Advantages: a variety of tools to adapt to the specifications of the processing screw, each screw specifications need not be provided with the appropriate machine tools. Disadvantage: the structure of machine tools and machine tool assembly of the two kinds of more complex machine tools, machine tools than the cost of two kinds of machine tools before the high. Second, introduce the structure of machine tool spindle The level of machine tool spindle box on the main axis and the base of the vertical axis determines the degree of precision was the precision screw machining, at the same time screw compressor at a speed of thousands of high-speed rotary switch, the accuracy of the screw will be less so that the compressor have a fever, vibration, low efficiency, such as wear and tear situation quickly. Currently available single-screw machine spindle structure of the program has the following two. The first is: bearing radial clearance is not adjustable spindle structure Before spindle bearing out the use of one pairs of cylindrical roller bearings and thrust ball bearing combination of both, the main use of double row cylindrical roller bearings under radial cutting force, the use of two ball bearings to bear axial thrust cutting force. Main advantages of this structure: the main axis of the processing and assembly of simple, low cost. One disadvantage: because the main axis of the radial bearing clearance can not be adjusted so poor precision spindle. Although the use of bearings and shaft diameter fit to eliminate the radial bearing clearance, but each bearing diameter and radial clearance is not a fixed value, so it is difficult to design and processing to the quasi-axial-radial and bearings with bore tolerances. 2 disadvantage: it is very difficult to buy in the market of domestically produced or imported, C, D or P4, P5 class thrust ball bearings, machine tool manufacturing plant commonly used alternative to the use of ordinary class bearings, which also affected the accuracy of the enhance spindle. Bearing radial clearance adjustable spindle structure do not apply to the general accuracy of the general machine tools, does not apply to require a higher accuracy of the spindle of machine tools. The second: the radial bearing clearance adjustable spindle structure Before the adoption of a spindle bearing P4 class of double row tapered hole cylindrical roller bearings and a P4-class double row ball bearing thrust to the combination of heart. The use of the spindle hole of the double row tapered cylindrical roller bearings under radial cutting force, the use of double row ball bearing thrust to the heart to bear part of the axial and radial cutting force cutting force. Spindle bearings generally used after a P5 class of double row tapered hole cylindrical roller bearings. Double row tapered hole cylindrical roller bearings with inner ring and shaft are tapered 1:12, bearing lock nut with a round led a bearing in the axial displacement of the inner ring bearings and expansion, to reduce or eliminate bearing radial clearance purposes. Main disadvantage of this structure: The principal axis of the more complicated process, the spindle assembly also has the experience necessary to make the workers to operate the spindle achieve the desired numerical accuracy. Third, the depth of the tool feed control Required different processing screw diameter spiral groove depth is also different from the depth of the spiral groove mm from dozens to more than 100 millimeters range around the tool into the institutions required to feed the thousands of ring rotation in order to achieve a screw machine. Feed because of the tool in the tool rotating at the same time achieve motion feed, so on a number of general machine tools used in mechanical, electrical control method of depth of cut does not apply to single-screw machine. Single screw machine tools give agencies into the following different ways can be feed to control the depth of purpose. The first is: friction clutch and electrical switches to control the depth of the tool feed Its principle is to control depth of cut increases the tool cutter feed mechanism increases the load torque so that the tool feeding mechanism of the friction transmission chain slipping clutch, a mechanical linkage concurrent silent trigger electrical switches, optical signal prompted operator, when manual operator to disconnect the tool into the power sector. The advantages of this control method are: the control method is simple and spare parts processing and operational power from the impact of a sudden. Processing of different diameter screw to adjust the clutch friction discs pressed the preload spring. Material because of the density of each screw, and the hardness of the existence of subtle differences in the degree of cutting tools sharp differences exist, thus the accuracy of this control method was not too accurate, may lead to screw spiral groove depth tolerance is too large. The second: use of an electromagnetic clutch, encoder control tool into the mix to the depth of Tool feed system, equipped with electromagnetic clutch and a tool for detecting the number of rotating ring gear and a gun encoder. It is a tool of control principle hand screw surface encoder to start counting switch, then start counting device, when the rotary tool to pre-set number of laps when the cutting depth is reached, the electromagnetic clutch automatic off open to the power tool into the concurrent silent, optical signal parts prompted the operator has finished processing. The detection device through the digital display shows the number of feed circles or feed. Torn off and the electromagnetic clutch, the tool does not only into the rotation with the vertical shaft to the sport. The advantages of this control method are: the depth of the spiral groove screw tolerance control more accurate, because of several significant table shows the depth of processing, or want a few laps and the depth of processing or circle the number of operations is also very intuitive and user-friendly. Disadvantage are: electrical control of machine tools at the same time more complex parts of this control method at the processing plant, if a sudden power failure, the prior data set will be lost. If you add in the electrical control of the battery to power at the early-dimensional detection devices to maintain the job, the problem can be resolved. Detect drive way too much space is a fixed power input shaft and output shaft rotation shaking, in the case of the transmission structure of conventional design and manufacture of machine tools, the transmission output shaft angle space at more than ten degrees to the dozens of degrees. Transmission gap caused by too large spiral screw groove surface then there is obvious marks, thus affecting the machining accuracy of the screw. Upon completion of the assembly machine tool axis of rotation of the drive space is too large, in fact are subject to various errors gear, creating a backlash of the gear is too large. Machine tools in the mechanical transmission gear are used regardless of the accuracy of a few of the class, the designers take into account the gear manufacturing error, processing error box center distance, temperature, lubricating oil film thickness, the assembly error and other factors, machine design must ensure that transmission gear A certain amount of backlash, backlash decide the size of the gear tooth thickness tolerance size. Single-screw machine has the Main Drive from other machine tool structure specificity. The first is: the installation at the output shaft brake Tool at the output shaft rotating the location of cylindrical symmetry with radial brake, brake stand up to the tool front-end of the cylindrical rotary output shaft, brake for spring preload. The working principle of the brake is generated by the friction brake to increase the output shaft damping, reducing the sensitivity of the rotation axis. Are: brake and easy does not change the structure of the original machine tool structure, the method of indirect reduction to achieve the purpose of drive space, in practical applications there is a certain effect. The pre-spring brake tool because of the cylindrical output shaft to exert a greater radial force, in fact increases the load machine torque, resulting in increased motor power at the same time gears, bearings to accelerate wear and tear. ConclusionThis article describes four areas from existing single-screw machine layout and structure, and put out the advantages and disadvantages of the list, because of the compressor plant single-screw machine tools and machine tool external Security information, the above introduction there is inevitably one-sided and wrong, and are therefore single-screw compressor for the production of reference works.附件1：外文资料翻译译文单螺杆加工机床的布局和结构摘要 机床是一个国家制造业水平高低的象征，其核心就是数控系统。我们目前不要说系统，就是国内造的质量稍微好一点的数控机床，所用的高精度滚珠丝杠，轴承都是进口的，主要是买日本的，我们自产的滚珠丝杠、轴承在精度、寿命方面都有问题。本文从四个方面介绍了国内现有单螺杆加工机床的布局和结构，并把优缺点一一列举出来，由于压缩机生产厂的单螺杆加工机床和机床资料对外保密，以上介绍难免有片面、不妥之处，因此仅供单螺杆压缩机生产厂参考。关键词 机床 主轴 轴承 刀具机床是一个国家制造业水平高低的象征，其核心就是数控系统。我们目前不要说系统，就是国内造的质量稍微好一点的数控机床，所用的高精度滚珠丝杠，轴承都是进口的，主要是买日本的，我们自产的滚珠丝杠、轴承在精度、寿命方面都有问题。目前国内的各大机床厂，数控系统100外购，各厂家一般都买日本发那科、三菱的系统，占80以上，也有德国西门子的系统，但比较少。德国西门子系统为什么用的少呢？早期，德国系统不太能适合我们的电网，我们的电网稳定性不够，西门子系统的电子伺服模块容易烧坏。日本就不同了，他们的系统就烧不坏。近来西门子系统改进了不少，价格方面还是略高。德国人很不重视中国，所以他们的系统汉语化最近才有，不像日本，老早就有汉语化版的。韩国、台湾的数控机床制造能力比大陆地区略强，不过水平差不多。他们也是在上世纪90年代引进日本技术发展的。韩国应该好一点，它有自己制造的、已经商业化了的数控系统，但进口到中国的机床，应我们的要求，也换成了日本系统。我们对他们的系统信不过。韩国数控机床主要有两家：大宇和现代。大宇目前在我国设有合资企业。台湾机床和我们大体一样，自己造机械部分，系统采购日本的。但他们的机床质量差，寿命短，目前在大陆影响很坏。其实他们比我们国产的要好一点。但我们自己的差，我们还能容忍，台湾的机床是用美金买来的，用的不好，那火就大了。台湾最主要的几家机床厂已打算把工厂迁往大陆，大部分都在上海。这些厂目前在国内的竞争中，也打着国产的旗号。就国产高级数控机床而言，其利润的主体是被外国人拿走了，中国只是挣了一个辛苦钱。近来随着中国的经济发展，也引起了世界一些主要机床厂商的注意，2000年，日本最大的机床制造商“马扎克”在中国银川设立了一家数控机床合资厂，据说制造水平相当高，号称“智能化、网络化”工厂，和世界同步。今年日本另外一家大机床厂大隈公司在北京设立了一家能年产1000台数控机床的控股公司，德国的一家很有名的企业也在上海设立了工厂。目前，国家制定了一些政策，鼓励国民使用国产数控机床，各厂家也在努力追赶。国内买机床最多的是军工企业，一个购买计划里，80是进口，国产机床满足不了需要。今后五年内，这个趋势不会改变。不过就目前国内的需要来讲，我国的