The Romantic Period浪漫主义时期.ppt

TheRomanticPeriod,浪漫主义时期(1798-1832)theAgeofPoetry,EnglishRomanticism,asahistoricalphaseofliterature,isgenerallysaidtohavebeganin1798withthepublicationofWordsworthconservativeoldage;longlifeWilliamWordsworth:nature,country,poorpeople,anti-industrializatione.g.LyricalBallads(Prelude);NatureandcountrypoemsSamuelColeridge:mysterious/demonic,dreamy,oriental,visionarye.g.TheRimeofAncientMarinerandKublaKhan,Satanicschool:rebellious,revolutionary,romantic,shortlifeGeorgeGordonByron:romantic,revolutionary,satiric,proudandangrye.g.DonDuan,ChildeHaroldsPilgrimageandManfredPercyByssheShelley:revolutionary,prophetic,optimistice.g.PrometheusUnboundandOdetotheWestWindJohnKeats:melancholy,ageniuspropoundingontruthandbeautye.g.OdetotheNightingale,OdeonaGrecianUrn,OdetoPsycheandOdetoMelancholy,Prose,familiaressaysofjournalsandnewspaperse.g.CharlesLamb,LeeHunt,deQuinceyliterarycriticism/reviewsasauthorityCharlesLamb,LeeHunt,deQuinceynovelistse.g.JaneAusten,therealistandWalterScott,the1sthistoricalnovelist/romanticpoet,1.威廉布莱克（WilliamBlake,1757-1827),VisualImages,symbolism代表作有天真之歌（SongsofInnocence,1789)经验之歌(SongsofExperience,1794)两部诗集,Thesearetwocollectionsreflect“twocontrarystatesofhumansoul”.ThepoemscollectedinSongofInnocenceexpressthepoetsdelightinlife,eveninthefaceofsorrowandsuffering.Theworldisseenthroughtheeyesofachildsimagination.SongofInnocenceexpressisacollectionofpoemsandsongsinwhichtheatmosphereisnolongersunnybutsadandgloomy.Evilisfoundeverywhereintheworld.,ManhaslosttheHeavenofInnocenceandgainedtheHellofExperience.Forinstance,the“lamb”ofInnocencehasbecomethe“Tiger”ofExperience.,Lyric（抒情诗）（fromGreeklyra-“song”）AsitsGreeknameindicates,alyricwasoriginallyashortpoemwritteninarepeatingstanzaicform,oftendesignedtobesettomusic.Now,itusuallyreferstothepoemthatexpressesaspeakerpersonalthoughts,perceptionsorfeelings.Theelegy,odeandsonnetareallformsofthelyric.,2。威廉华兹华斯（WilliamWordsworth),湖畔派诗人LakePoetsWilliamWordsworth(1770-1850)RobertSouthey(骚塞，1774-1843)SamuelTaylorColeridge（柯勒律治，1772-1834）,湖畔派LakePoets1819世纪的英国浪漫主义诗歌流派。主要成员有华兹华斯、柯尔律治和骚塞。由于他们三人曾一同隐居于英国西北部的昆布兰湖区，先后在格拉斯米尔和文德美尔两个湖畔居住，以诗赞美湖光山色，所以有“湖畔派诗人”之称。在诗歌题材上，他们主张写下层人民的日常生活，强调诗人的内心探索和感情的自然流露；在诗体方面，主张发展民间诗歌的艺术传统，采用民间口语，发挥诗人的想象力。他们的理论和实践结束了英国古典主义诗学的统治，对英国诗歌的改革和发展起了很大作用。但是他们否定诗歌的社会作用，美化中世纪的田园生活，提倡唯心主义、唯灵主义、神秘主义；把“听天由命”看成是人的“天性的永恒部分”；拜伦和雪莱对此进行过激烈的批评。,湖畔派诗人起初都同情法国革命，随着革命的深入，由害怕革命而退却，进而逃避现实，迷恋过去，美化中世纪的宗法制，幻想从古老的封建社会中去寻找精神的安慰与寄托。当湖畔派诗人的消极倾向日益明显的时候，青年诗人拜伦、雪莱开始登上文坛，向湖畔派诗人展开论争。拜伦在一八O九年完成的讽刺长诗英格兰诗人和苏格兰评论家中，不仅回答了消极浪漫主义者操纵的刊物爱丁堡评论对拜伦诗作的攻击，而且还严厉地谴责了湖畔派诗人的消极倾向。由于他们敢于向湖畔派诗人作斗争，因而被英国绅土们斥之为撒旦(恶魔)，所以文学史上称拜伦、雪莱和济慈为“撒旦派”。一般说，湖畔派诗人代表消极浪漫主义倾向，撒旦派代表积极浪漫主义精神。虽然湖畔派诗人在与古典主义的斗争中有过贡献，在诗歌的艺术上有较深的造诣，但其历史地位远不及撒旦派重要。,WilliamWordsworth,代表作序曲（ThePrelude)是集抒情性，哲理性和趣味性一体的自传体长诗其他作品有：抒情歌谣集，诗集双卷诗(PoemsinTwoVolumes)，关于自然的短诗致杜鹃(TotheCuckoo)我如行云独自游(IWanderedLonelyasaCloud）关于人类生活的短诗露西（LucyPoems）孤独的收割者(TheSolitaryReaper)致高地的姑娘(ToaHighlandGirl),LucyPoems-“SheDweltAmongtheUntroddenWays”她住在人迹罕至的地方,她住在人迹罕至的地方,圣洁的小溪在身边流淌,没有谁把这少女赞颂,少有人为她挂肚牵肠。她是紫罗兰身影半露,生苔的墓碑将她遮挡;美丽如一颗孤星,在夜空里闪闪发亮。,没有谁了解她曾活在世上,少有人知道她何时夭亡;躺在墓中的露西啊,唯有我与别人都不一样。（国际关系学院06考研题）,Questions:(1)Whatistherhymeschemeofthepoem?(2)Arethereanyimagesinthispoem?Pleasepointthemout.(3)Canthesecondstanzabeomitted?Whatroledoesitplayinthispoem?(4)Pleaseparaphrasethepoeminlessthan100words.,(1)Therhymeschemeisabab,cdcd,efef(2)Yes,thereareimagesinthispoem:“ahalfhiddenviolet”and“astarshininginthesky”.(3)No.theimageofthevioletshowsthatsheissomodest,shyandunknownthatnoonewillpayattentiontoher;theimageofthestarshiningintheskyindicatesthatinherloverseyes,sheislikethesinglestarshiningbrightlyandbeautifullyinthesky.,(4)ShelivedinanisolatedplacebesidethespringsofDove,Nobodypraisedherandfewpeoplelovedher.Sheislikeavioletbesideamossytone,unnoticedbypeople.Sheislikeastarshinninginthesky,fairandlovinginherloversheart.Whensheisalive,nobodyknowsher;thuswhenshedies,fewpeoplefeelsadabouther.Butformeitisdifferenttoknowherdeath(becauseIlovedhersomuchandIfeelsosad).,3.塞泰柯勒律治（SamuelTaylorColeridge),Majorworks：古舟子之歌TheRimeoftheAncientMariner克里斯贝尔Christabel忽必烈汗KublaKhan对话诗（conversationalpoems)：子夜寒霜（FrostatMidnight沮丧：一段颂歌(Dejection:AnOde),凡是聆听者都将目睹，大家都将高呼：“当心！当心！瞧他飘扬的头发，闪亮的眼睛！我们要绕他巡行三圈，在神圣的恐惧中闭上双眼，因为他尝过蜜的露水，饮过乐园里的乳泉。”(1)identifytheauthor(2)Whatishistheoryofpoems?(3)Whatkindofphilosophyisbehindtheitalicwords“Hkofparadise”?（北航08考研题）,Answer:(1)SamuelTaylorColeridge(2)Coleridgebelievedinthe“feelingheart,”inthespiritualpoweroftheindividualimagination,thecompletenessandharmoniousbeautyofGodscreation.thoughColeridgesharedwithWordsworthadesiretoreturnpoetrytotheordinary,theconcrete,andthelanguageofspeech,hewasalsodesirousofdiscoveringthespiritual,supernaturalandexotic.,Coleridgeexpresseshisconceptionofpoetryintermsofasynthesisofimaginativevisionandofactualperception,of“outer”and“inner,”orof“object”and“subject.”apoemisagrowingunity,thepartsrelatedtooneanotherandallcomprisingawhole.The“end”ofpoetryispleasure,notinstruction,andyetapoemtellsahighertruth.,(3)ThepoetsaysthatheoncesawanAbyssinianmaidwhoplayedherdulcimerandsangofMountAbora.ThesongoftheAbyssinianmaidcanbethepoetssourceofinspiration.Ifhecouldreceive“hersymphonyandsong”withinhim,hecouldrebuildhisowndomeofpleasureintheair.Andallwhosawhimwouldcry“Bewareofhisflashingeyes,hisfloatinghair!”.Thelistenerswouldcirclehimandclosetheireyeswith“holydread”,knowingthathehadtastedhoneydew,and“drunkthemilkofParadise”.Thepoetwantstoexpressthatpeoplehavecertainaweandevenfearfornatureandenjoysitsbeautywithutmostpiety.,注：忽必烈汗一诗中既无故事情节，也没有明确的主旨，而只是传达了一种幻觉或印象，虽然以忽必烈汗为题目，但并没有刻意描写或赞颂这位中国帝王的伟业，而是将这位传奇人物当作寄情表意的媒介充分发挥诗人的想象力。这里，诗人的情感与豪华的宫殿、仙女的爱情、少女的琴声和中国的忽必烈汗交织在一起，创造了一种优美的旋律和超凡的意境。初看起来，全诗的确缺乏一种逻辑统一性，但读起来并不感到杂乱无章。倒是诗中所迸发的那种神秘的异国情调常常让读者遐思不已。另外，这首诗在叙述方面的确具有独创性，开拓了西方诗歌的新视野。诗人在叙述过程中不断出现语义断裂和不连贯现象可以使读者更加关注诗歌的形式，充分领略其神奇而优美的韵律。今天，该诗与古舟子咏一样已成为英国文学中的瑰宝。,4.乔治戈登拜伦（GeorgeGordonByron),不，他不是神，他是凡人，比神更可怕更可爱的凡人，他生前在红尘的狂涛中沐浴，洗涤他的遍体的斑点，最后他踏脚在浪花的顶尖，在阳光中呈露他的无瑕的肌肤，他的骄傲，他的力量，他的壮丽，是天上磋奕司与玖必德的忧愁。他是一个美丽的恶魔，一个光荣的叛儿。徐志摩,2009.10,乔治戈登拜伦（GeorgeGordonByron),当时对欧洲大陆最有影响的浪漫主义诗人，创造了拜伦式英雄（theByronichero)高傲，反叛又带有贵族血统代表作唐璜（DonJuan)长篇叙事诗恰尔德哈罗德游记（ChildHaroldsPilgrimage)第一，二章诗集东方故事集（OrientedTales),哈罗德游记第三四章，诗剧曼佛雷德（Manfred)该隐(Cain)政治讽刺诗审判的幻景(TheVisionofJudgment),chiefcontribution-“Byronichero”(拜伦式英雄)Byronichero-Byronspoetryisbasedonhisownexperience.Hisheroisknownas“ByronicHero”,aproud,mysteriousrebelfigureofnobleorigin.Forsuchahero,theconflictisusuallyoneofrebelliousindividualagainstoutwornsocialsystemsandconventions.SuchaheroappearsfirstinChildeHaroldsPilgrimage,andthenfurtherdevelopedinlaterworkssuchastheOrientedTales东方故事集，Manfred,曼弗雷德andDanJuanindifferentguises.,SheWalksinBeauty,LiketheNight,Byronspoem“SheWalksinBeauty”isoneofhisbest-knownpoems.Itisnotnecessarilyalovepoem,butmoreofacelebrationofthewomensbeauty.,SheWalksinBeauty,LiketheNight,InJune,1814,severalmonthsbeforehemetandmarriedhisfirstwife,AnnaMilbanke,LordByronattendedapartyatLadySitwells.Whileattheparty,LordByronwasinspiredbythesightofhiscousin,thebeautifulMrs.Wilmot,whowaswearingablackspangledmourningdress.LordByronwasstruckbyhiscousinsdarkhairandfairface,theminglingofvariouslightsandshades.Thisbecametheessenceofhispoemabouther.,2009.10,Shewalksinbeauty,likethenight她走在美底光彩中，像夜晚Ofcloudlessclimesandstarryskies;皎洁无云而且繁星满天。,climate,2009.10,Andallthatsbestofdarkandbright明与暗底最美妙的色泽Meetinheraspectandhereyes:在她的仪容和秋波里呈现，,appearance容颜,2009.10,Thusmellowedtothattenderlight仿佛是晨露映出的阳光，Whichheaventogaudydaydenies.但比那光亮柔和而幽暗。,becamelessbright,bright,2009.10,Oneshadethemore,oneraytheless,增加或减少一分色泽Hadhalfimpairedthenamelessgrace就会损害这难言的美，,damaged,indescribablebeauty,增一分则太长,减一分则太短,着粉则太白,施朱则太赤.,2009.10,Whichwavesineveryraventress,美波动在她乌黑的发上Orsoftlylightensoerherface;或者散布淡淡的光辉,long,blackhair,2009.10,Wherethoughtsserenelysweetexpress在那脸庞，恬静的思绪Howpure,howdeartheirdwellingplace.指明它的来处纯洁而珍贵。,peacefully,calmly,2009.10,Andonthatcheek,andoerthatbrow,啊，那额际，那鲜艳的面颊，Sosoft,socalm,yeteloquent,如此温和，平静，而又脉脉含情，,2009.10,Thesmilesthatwin,thetintsthatglow,那迷人的微笑，那明眸的顾盼，Buttellofdaysingoodnessspent,都在说明一个善良的生命：,shadeofcolor,2009.10,Amindatpeacewithallbelow,她和蔼地对待世间的一切，Aheartwhoseloveisinnocent!她的心流溢着真纯的爱情！,everythinginthisworld,5.PercyByssheShelley（雪莱）(1792-1822),IfWintercomes,canSpringbefarbehind?,2009.10,郭沫若论雪莱,雪莱是我最敬爱的诗人中之一个。他是自然的宠子，泛神宗的信者，革命思想的健儿。他的诗便是他的生命。他的生命便是一首绝妙的好诗。雪莱的诗心如像一架钢琴，大扣之则大鸣，小扣之则小鸣。他有时雄浑倜傥，突兀排空；他有时幽抑清冲，如泣如诉。他不是只能吹出一种单调的稻草。雪莱是真正的诗的作者，是一个真正的诗人。,雪莱（PercyByssheShelley),深受自由与激进派思想的影响，诗作中总表现出对自由的渴望和对暴政的憎恶，诗歌语言清新，文化底蕴深，含有丰富的典故，并多使用拟人与暗喻的修辞手法抒情诗西风颂(OdetotheWestWind)是浪漫主义诗歌的杰出典范。致英格兰人民（MenofEngland)是雪莱最著名的政治抒情诗,其他作品：麦布女王(QueenMab:APhilosophicalPoem)诗歌伊斯兰的起义(TheRevoltofIslam)阿多纳伊斯(Adonais)十四行诗：英格兰1819(Sonnet:Englandin1819)云之歌(TheCloud)致云雀(ToaSkylark),诗剧解放了的普罗米修斯(PrometheusUnbound),文学理论著作诗辨(ADefenseofPoetry),1822年12月雪莱的心脏和骨灰葬于罗马新教徒墓地墓碑上刻有“波西比希雪莱-众心之心（CORCORDIUM）”的字样以及莎士比亚的暴风雨中的三句。,他的一切并没有消逝只是经历过海的变异已变得丰富而且神奇,西风颂(1)Form:Thepoemisdividedinto5parts.Eachpartconsistsoffourstanzasofterzarimaandonecoupletlines,rhymedababcbcdcdedee(2)content:thepoetdescribesvividlytheactivitiesofthewestwindontheearth,intheskyandonthesea,andexpresseshisenvyfortheboundlessfreedomofthewestwind,andhiswishtobefreelikethewindandtoscatterhiswordsamongmankind.,(3)Theme:Revolutionaryspirit.Wishtodestroytheoldandbuildupanew.(4)Inwhatwayisthewestwindbothadestroyerandapreserver?(南京大学07)Thewestwindisconsideredthe“destroyer”fordrivingthelastsignsoflifefromthetrees;itisconsideredthe“preserver”forscatteringtheseedswhichcometolifeinthespring.,Definition:terzarima(三行体)verseformconsistingofstanzasofthreelines(tercets);thefirstandthirdlinesrhymingwithoneanotherandthesecondrhymingwiththefirstandthir