外文翻译--液压支架的发展与前瞻

河北工程大学毕业设计 1 The hydraulic pressure support development with first gazes Key words hydraulic pressure support； Control； Intellectualization 1 hydraulic pressure supports development The hydraulic pressure support is take the high-pressured liquid as a power, by certain hydraulic pressure part (cylinder, pipe accessory) one kind of strut and the control roof mining coal working surface equipment which becomes with some steel work combinations. Has the intensity high, the travelling speed quick, support the performance good, safe is reliable and so on the characteristic. Since the 20th century 50s, the hydraulic pressure support has gradually become the mining coal working surface core equipment, in the world mainly produced the coal country to invest the massive manpower physical resource and the financial resource carries on the research development to it. At present, support tends to take the hydraulic pressure support as the main body maturely, in the world has produced makes several hundred kind of frames and the up to ten thousand kind of models hydraulic pressure support, meets each kind of coal bed mining support need. On the century 60s, our country once has also developed 10 kind of hydraulic pressure supports, because all sorts of reasons have not obtained the promoted application, the hydraulic pressure support is in the development, the experimental stage； The 70s successively from England, Germany, Poland, former Soviet Union and so on mainly produce the coal country to introduce several 10 sets of hydraulic pressure supports. After the unceasing exploration, the use, the digestion and the summary, make each kind of type the support, it is the beginning which the domestically produced hydraulic pressure support develops； The 80s hydraulic pressure support research and development is in the innovation to enhance the stage, develops 30 kind of new frames one after another, makes the ZZ series, the XY series, the ZD series and so on the different specification, and widely uses in the state-owned large and middle scale coal mines, obtains the good economic efficiency； 90s special hydraulic pressure support development obtains the rapid development, the mechanized shop net support, the water granulated substance fills the support, the reason support, the force support, puts goes against the coal support and so on to be published one after another； This century along with the computer technology, the automated technology popularization and the application, the hydraulic pressure support control obtains unprecedentedness to progress, gradually to the procedure control, the 河北工程大学毕业设计 2 numerical control, the remote control and the automated control makes great strides forward. 2 domestic and foreign hydraulic pressure supports difference The domestically produced support in the manufacture technology, the material quality performance, the processing craft, the control system and in the sealing property compares with the overseas advanced countries has the very big disparity. 2.1 processings manufactures aspect According to the related synthesis picks the engineers and technicians to reflect that, the domestically produced hydraulic pressure support craft technology, the service life, the operational performance, use the material quality so far not yet to achieve in 1979 introduced 100 sets of supports the technical levels. If structural material: Germany uses the ST52 material it yield strength is 500 MPa, but our country uses 16 Mn material yield strength is only 350 MPa； Valve class: Overseas always uses the copper alloy valve shell and the high strength stainless steel valve core, our country is the 45# steel adds surface heat processing； In processing craft: The overseas cylinder endophragm is duplicate plates, the domestic product for does not plate, causes the column premature to appear the spot in the use process, scratches and so on the seal leaks the fluid phenomenon, affects support the effect. The domestically produced hydraulic pressure support and the overseas production hydraulic pressure support compares the average to reduce 2 3 a service life. 2.2 control systems aspect The domestically produced hydraulic pressure support control system research and development is at backwardness condition, seriously restricted the support to move supposes the speed the enhancement and the synthesis picks the economic efficiency the display. In the world several mainly produce the coal great nation throughout to enhance the support control system achievement the synthesis to pick the economic efficiency the important method, the 20th century 60s use manually straight control the operating system； The 70s use the forerunner control system, along with it England first proposed the development electrohydraulic control system, the eightys tends to maturely； The 90s ladders company develops the entire working surface electrohydraulic control system, follows closely after that Wister to cut down the advantage Asia - shell Switzerland special company to develop more advanced P - M3, P - the M4 electrohydraulic control system. Presently country and so on US, Germany, England, 河北工程大学毕业设计 3 Australia basically all is the programmable electrohydraulic control, but our country still used the hand control system. 2.3 hydraulic pressure parts aspect The hydraulic pressure part research and development speed lags by far to the hydraulic pressure support need to develop. The hydraulic pressure support reliability mainly relies on the hydraulic pressure part reliability, the hydraulic pressure support in the coal mine production applies whether succeeds, the key lies in the hydraulic pressure part the technical performance whether does meet the requirements. Overseas at present uses the great current capacity safety valve, the fluid much controls the cone-way valve, the cut-off valve, initially supports the strength maintenance valve and the column quickly returns at once the fluid valve. To the hydraulic pressure part structural style, the geometry size, the choice of material, the heat treatment method and the surface treatment and so on various aspects have conducted the thorough research and the development. Develops one batch of sealing property well, the sensitivity high, enters the row of fluid ability to be big, the anti- impact load strong each kind of hydraulic pressure part, adapts the hydraulic pressure support operating performance request. But our country kind of hydraulic pressure part research and development lags regarding this, at present still continued to use the century for 80s the product, has not formed the hydraulic pressure part universalization, the seriation, the standardization 3 hydraulic pressure supports prospects for development forecast In view of the fact that the science and technology high speed development, new technical, the new craft, the new method, the new material unceasing application and the computer technology unprecedented expansion, the hydraulic pressure support future development will have the extremely attractive prospect. 3.1 designs ideas renewal, the hydraulic pressure support develops a revolution Must consider the environment in the hydraulic pressure support design the attribute. Because the hydraulic pressure support working condition is bad, the person, machine the environment reciprocity question appears importantly. The green design is the choice of materia l, the product structure, the technique, the outward appearance modelling and the color matches according to the certain rule, adopts artistic the method to perform ingeniously to fuse, fully manifests the man-machine environment system the harmonious unification. The unwieldy 河北工程大学毕业设计 4 hydraulic pressure support image safe, reliable, is been easy to service, lowly to consume energy, the high efficiency, the modelling artistic substitutes. This kind of green design, it not only Filters the environment and the resources both must meet the economical development needs, and must meet the human survival development needs, is the humanity sustainable developmental strategy in support design manifesting. For example: The hydraulic pressure support uses the multi- goals fuzzy design in the design process, requests to support the strength in a big way, moves a speed quickly, weight light, the timber wood are few and so on, each goal determined a function, namely many designs objective function, then the combination optimizes, determination preferred plan. 3.2 will adopt the pure water hydraulic pressure technology, the hydraulic pressure support becomes the green machinery The pure water hydraulic pressure technology is the hydraulic pressure domain development front. It not only has good anti- burns the nature, the radiation, moreover the price also cheaply, does not have the pollution, since the long-time hydraulic pressure support in Surface under has worked, because the use actuating medium is the emulsion, and has many chemical additives (emulsifier, guards against rust medicinal preparation, antiseptic, partner mixture and so on), the micro environmental pollution is extremely serious to the surface below, therefore, the hydraulic pressure support use pure water hydraulic pressure technology, to reduces the coal mine the production cost, protects the environment is beneficial, and may greatly improve the mine pit the work and the security condition. Unceasingly progresses along with the society, the people had a higher request to the dependent survival environment, hoped has a security, the environmental protection, the highly civilized green environment. The time request summoned the hydraulic pressure transmission (to origin in 1605 discovered the Pascals law) this ancient brand-new technology resurfaced, and received the world the attention. At present, the western nation concentrates the strength to study this technology, and makes the unprecedented progress. For example: The lubrication attrition question, reasonably selects rubs the vice- material, has the engineering plastics, the structure ceramics, the high polymer material, guards against rust anticorrosion coating and so on. The structure ceramics have the resistance to wear, the anti- cavitation performance is good, the good chemical stability, characteristic and so on lower friction factor, prepares is favoured. Replaces the partial metals material in the 河北工程大学毕业设计 5 hydraulic pressure part with the structure ceramics, big improvement its performance. In brief, the new material success develops and applies, precisely processes technical the unceasing progress, as well as each kind of new structure hydraulic pressure part making, all will become the hydraulic pressure support to use the pure water hydraulic pressure technology to enter the strict non- pollution domain, will provide the extremely attractive application prospects for development. 3.3 high tech applications, the hydraulic pressure support tends to the intellectualization The advanced science and technology application is mutually seeps each kind of technology, mutually unifies in the foundation mutually assists, mutually promotes and the enhancement, fully uses each kind of related technical the superiority, enhances strong points and avoid weaknesses, after causes the combination the overall function to be bigger than the composition whole sum of each part of function comprehensive interdisciplinary studies. The many kinds of technologies unceasingly seep to the mechanical parent substance - hydraulic pressure support, including technical and so on machine, electricity, fluid, light, magnetism servosystem. Specifically said that, is the strength, the speed which outputs by the hydraulic pressure support are a goal, constituted from has output to the input closed-loop system, was involves sensing the technology, the computer control technology, the signal processing technology, the mechanical drive technology, the hydraulic transmission technology and so on. Because fast operating speed, formidable memory function and keen logical judgement function, thus has realized the man-machine dialogue, causes it operation maintenance conveniently, the entire machine function to be strong. The hydraulic pressure support application function unceasingly expands, unceasingly strengthens to the mine pit coal bed geology condition compatibility, production benefit to equipment dependent degree increasingly big, the operational reliability is more important. The breakdown diagnosis technology (including signal examination, breakdown judgement, failure detection, content and so on fault analysis) along with the high tech development theory (for example wavelet technology, nerve network, artificial intelligence and so on) will enter the hydraulic pressure support the early diagnosis, the prevention and the reduced accident occurrence, service blindness and the maintenance time, will lengthen the support service life, will enhance the production efficiency. 4 concluding remark 河北工程大学毕业设计 6 In summary, the hydraulic pressure support at present develops the main tendency is: Two columns shields type, enhances the hydraulic pressure support intensity, the design factor, moves a speed, the improvement individual part structure (overall top-beam, width center distance and so on), hydraulic pressure pipe accessory seriation, standardization, universalization, high working resistance, redundant reliability, with micro electron technology realization machine electrohydraulic integration digital gathering, operating mode monitor, breakdown diagnosis and automatic control. Hydraulic pressure support battery solution control engineering research and application Key words Hydraulic pressure support；Battery solution control system；Design application A coal mining technology significant innovation. At present,The battery solution control technology in synthesis and so on US, Germany picked the technical leading country to obtain the widespread application,But our country then only then gradually the necessary use battery solution controls the technology in recent years on some hydraulic pressure supports 1 battery solution control technology basic principle and main composition 1.1 Battery solution control technology basic principle （ 1） Bidirectional neighbour control system. The synthesis picks working surface each support has the frame to control the box,The operator controls the box choice neighbour control mode through the support frame,Then sends out the corresponding control command according to the instruction (to produce electrical signal),Causes electro-magnet or micro electrical machinery movement which on neighbour corresponds,Let the electrical signal transform as the hydraulic pressure signal,Controls the host to control the valve to open,Supplies the fluid to the support hydraulic cylinder,Realization neighbour support corresponding movement. The support working mode active status feeds back the frame by the position transmitter and the pressure transmitter to control the box,The frame controls the box to decide the support again according to the sensor feedback signal the next movement. （ 2） Bidirectional becomes the group control system. 河北工程大学毕业设计 7 Arranges the working surface support is certain groups,In on this group of in first frames presses the frame by the operator to control the box the start key,Sends out an instruction,Neighbour presses the pre-set sequence movement,After moves the frame to complete automatically sends out the control signal to control the box for next,Next starts the movement. Infer from this,In realization group support automatic control. （ 3） Entire working surface automatic control system. The function consummates battery solution.The control system is equipped with the main control console, the infrared installment,Can realize the support and the coal mining machine linkage entire working surface automation control. Its principle is:On each support frame controls the box with the main control console networking,When the support infrared receiving device receives the position which the coal mining machine infrared launcher sends out to believe.After number,The feedback gives the main control console,The main control console sends out the instruction according to the feedback signal,Causes the corresponding support movement. 1.2 Main constituent （ 1） Battery solution controller (SCU). The battery solution controller is a control system department.Series heart,It by microprocessor, the intelligence transmission unit, operates the keyboard and the data receiving device and so on is composed. The battery solution controller has two aspects the functions:On the one hand is defers to the operational order and the pre-set sequence completes the solenoid valve group to open shuts,Then control support column, hoisting jack movement；On the other hand it receives the condition data which on the support obtains (including pressure, displacement and so on) and performs to analyze the judgment,Then controls the support the movement,And demonstrates the support state variable and the support breakdown. （ 2） Battery solution control valve group (FZ). The control valve group is one kind of multipurpose control hydraulic pressure solenoid valve,May replace the fluid cycle selector valve,This kind of valve assembly has causes the support movement the valve group and the surveillance support working condition pressure switch,Opens or the closed valve passage according to the controller instruction. （ 3） Central control bench (MCU). 河北工程大学毕业设计 8 Whether the system does use MCU,Must the working surface automated horizontal height which determined according to the user decide. Only installs the battery solution controller,Even does not need to install the ground master control room (MCU1) and the mine shaft control room (MCU2),Also may realize the entire automation. The lowest level control system is a bidirectional neighbour unicontrol,What at present is commonly used is as soon as controls four the system,Then expands to the automatic arrangement, becomes the group to control, to become the group to pass and the combination function and so on,These all do not need the central control bench. （ 4） Periphery accessory. The battery solution control system has can survey Condition, And transforms the hydraulic pressure parameter into the electronic signal original part pressure transmitter,The reflection passes the hoisting jack travelling schedule position contact sensor as well as uses for automatically to start the coal mining machine long-distance control hydraulic pressure support battery solution controller the infrared receiver and so on. All sensors all have respective output signal,Thus may discover the position which the line severs,And is distinguished by each support battery solution controller. If the system matches in the mine shaft working surface or the ground control room Has the central control bench,Has the breakdown cable line or the sensor can demonstrate on the key station screen,Like this very easy definite breakdown position battery solution control flow like chart 1 shows 2 battery solutions control the support the merit Below this support and the hand control system compare has the merit （ 1） The support travelling speed is quick. At present the domestic hydraulic pressure support is common.Uses the hand control,It passes the speed besides to receive the system current capacity and the hydraulic pressure part has flowed the ability the limit,The worker also has the direct influence in the bay travelling speed to it,This kind of influence appears the outstandingly in the thin coal bed. The battery solution control support work process may automatically circulate carries on,Sped up moved a speed form eight to ten mintenuse,This speed can follow form13113 to 1315m/Min coal mining 河北工程大学毕业设计 9 machine speed,Shan Taibeng current capacity 400 L/Min,Needs 2 to pump the simultaneous working. Satisfied the high efficiency coal mining machine fast to cut. （ 2） Improved the roof to support and protect the condition. Because uses to press every time Niu operates,May enable the support to follow close on after the coal mining machine carries on supports and protects,Moreover,Must act the support requests its two sides the support fastening to support and protect the roof,This characteristic and the correct strut unify,The guarantee forms a firm protecting band along the working surface. （ 3） Guaranteed the hydraulic pressure support fixed initially supports the strength. Battery solution control system.The passable excess pressure sensor feedback signal or lengthens the control electromagnetism the pilot valve on time realization at the beginning of support to support the strength self-preservation first. Guaranteed fixed initially supports the strength,Reduced the column to increase anti- needs the time,Enhanced has supported and protected the efficiency,Also the entire working surface at the beginning of support supports the strength evenly to be consistent,Improved the roof control （ 4） May have the pressure to move the frame. Uses the battery solution control system,Is moving the frame.In process,Easy to realize the belt pressure to move the frame,Reduced the working surface roof to have the frequent impact load to the hydraulic pressure support,Protection roof adjacent formation stability,Lengthens the hydraulic pressure support the service life. （ 5） Improved the working surface straight line. With manual operation compared to,The overwhelming majority battery solution control support all is pusher type,This meant the conveyer pulls the phenomenon to be few,Causes all supports by the biggest displacement quantity to abut in a working surface conveyer armored cable side,Maintains a straight working surface. Moves a step of distance to be accurate,Cuts the crest line to be neat,Improved has supported and protected the effect,And causes the scraper conveyer and the entire working surface straight line. The nature is good,The coal mining machine truncation depth is accurate. Improved the scraper conveyer and the coal mining machine operating mode. Moreover at the same time the multi- frames pushes slides,Slowly causes the scraper conveyer to be curving,Avoids the chute attachment point having the oversized stress. 河北工程大学毕业设计 10 （ 6） Improved the support operators working condition. Battery solution control technical application,Has realized the hydraulic pressure support remote control operation,But indirect maintenance,The worker work condition and the labor intensity have the enormous improvement,Because uses the computer automatic control,Reduced workers misoperation. （ 7） The operation flexibility is big. Supports and protects the system the support operation sequence is very easy to change,May act according to the different mining condition,Is suitable specially for the thin coal bed and inclines anxiously the coal bed,Also may use in the drum coal mining machine working surface,Also may use in the coal plow working surface；Also may use in promptly supporting and protecting (moves first frame boosts slides) supports and protects the way,Also after may use in lags supports and protects (pushes first slides moves) supporting and protecting the way. （ 8） The system can realize the long-distance procedure control. The operator may the root.According to coal mining machine coal cutting choice of direction best position,Has avoided operators casualty,At the same time also reduced the dust to the body the harm. （ 9） The battery solution control system may and the coal mining machine and the scraper conveyer.Automatic control system coordination linkage,Realizes the entire automated synthesis to pick the working surface. The support and the coal mining machine running status and the data may transmit to the tunnel in the main control console and the ground central control center,Is advantageous for the realization entire mine pit automated management. 3 domestic and foreign development surveys At present US, Germany and so on walk in this technology in the world front row,Its hydraulic pressure support battery solution control technology disposition has the breakdown to diagnose the early-warning installation,May realize the hydraulic pressure support and the coal mining machine, the scraper machine linkage and the long-distance control. Our country develops the hydraulic pressure support battery solution control system start to be late,Has developed successfully the first entire working surface hydraulic pressure support battery solution control system since 1995,Also has the many kinds of models the battery solution 河北工程大学毕业设计 11 control system hydraulic pressure support to be published. But our country produces battery solution control system hydraulic pressure support also not in mine shaft promotion use,Many high production highly effective working surfaces use the battery solution control system hydraulic pressure support also to have from the overseas import. The support battery solution control system develops which from our country looked,Still was in Shan Jia and becomes the group procedure to control.System initial stage. In the system does not have the main control console,Support and coal mining machine linkage entire working surface automatic control system also in development stage. Zhengzhou coal mine mechanical group limited liability company in the last few years through and German DBT Corporation, emperor fragrance Bach company and so on cooperation,The overseas advanced battery solution valve the hydraulic pressure support which will produce with this company necessary,Takes the lead to put into the use in the Jincheng coal industry group,Has met the design requirements completely,Has coal industry group 6 syntheses successively and so on the Jincheng, god China picks working surface nearly 800. The battery solution control hydraulic pressure support already or was going to put into the use. ZY4400 /9 /21 thin coal bed coal plow working surface battery solution control hydraulic pressure support and the ZY8640 /2,515 /55 manufacture domestically picks the high shield type hydraulic pressure support through to have the product appraisal in pairs greatly which four Chinese Academy of Science academicians participates (appraisal),The appraisal thought these 2 kind of supports overall performance achieves the world advanced level. Moreover,Corporate design manufacture Chinese god China localization battery solution control hydraulic pressure.Support ZY7600 /22 /45/The world is highest 612 meter two columns shields type battery solution control hydraulic pressure support ZY9400 /28 /62 has all represented the domestically produced support maximum level,Achieved or approaches the world advanced level. 河北工程大学毕业设计 12 液压支架的发展与前瞻 关键词 液压支架 ； 控制 ； 智能化 1 液压支架发展概述 液压支架是以高压液体为动力 ,由若干个液压元件 (油缸、阀件 )与一些金属构件组合而成的一种支撑和控制顶板的采煤工作面设备。具有强度高、移动速度快、支护性能好、安全可靠等特性。自 20世纪 50年代以来 ,液压 支架已逐步成为采煤工作面核心设备 ,世界上主要产煤国家投入了大量的人力物力和财力对其进行研究开发。目前 ,以液压支架为主体的支护趋于成熟 ,世界上已生产制造出数百种架型和上万种型号的液压支架 ,以适应各类煤层开采支护需要。上世纪 60年代 ,我国也曾开发了 10余种液压支架 ,由于种种原因未得到推广应用 ,液压支架处于研制、实验阶段 ；70年代先后从英国、德国、波兰、前苏联等主要产煤国家引进数 10余套液压支架。经不断的探索、使用、消化和总结 ,制造出各种类型的支架 ,它是国产液压支架发展的起点 ； 80年代液压支架研发处于创新提高阶 段 ,相继开发出30余种新架型 ,制造出 ZZ系列、 XY系列、 ZD系列等不同规格 ,并广泛用于国有大中型煤矿 ,取得良好的经济效益 ； 90年代特种液压支架的研制获得迅速发展 ,机械化铺网支架、水砂充填支架、端头支架、强力支架、放顶煤支架等相继问世 ；本世纪随着计算机技术、自动化技术的普及与应用 ,液压支架的控制获得突破性进展 ,逐步向程序控制、数字控制、遥控和自动化控制迈进。 2 国内外液压支架差异 国产支架在制造技术、材质性能、加工工艺、控制系统及密封性能上与国外先进国家相比有很大差距。 2.1 加工制造方面 据有关综采工 程技术人员反映 ,国产液压支架的工艺技术、服务年限、使用性能、所用材质到目前为止尚未达到。 1979年引进 100套支架的技术水平。如结构材料 :德国采用ST52材料其屈服极限为 500 MPa,而我国使用 16 Mn材料屈服极限仅为 350 MPa；阀类 :国外一直使用铜合金阀壳和高强度不锈钢阀芯 ,我国则是 45#钢加表面热处理 ；在加工工艺上 :国外油缸内壁是复镀 ,国产则为不镀 ,导致立柱在使用过程中过早出现斑点 ,划伤等密封漏液现象 ,影响支护效果。国产液压支架与国外生产的液压支架相比平均缩短 2 3服务年限。 2.2 控制系统方 面 河北工程大学毕业设计 13 国产液压支架控制系统的研发处于落后状态 ,严重制约了支架的移设速度的提高和综采经济效益的发挥。世界上几个主要产煤大国始终把支架控制系统作为提高综采经济效益的重要手段 , 20世纪 60年代采用手动直控操作系统 ；70年代采用先导控制系统 ,随之英国首先提出研制电液控制系统 , 80年代趋于成熟 ； 90年代道梯公司研制出全工作面电液控制系统 ,紧随其后威斯特伐利亚 - 贝瑞特公司研制出更为先进的 P- M3、 P-M4电液控制系统。现美国、德国、英国、澳大利亚等国家基本上全是可编程电液控制 ,而我国仍多采用手动控制系统 。 2.3 液压元件方面 液压元件的研发速度远远滞后于液压支架发展的需要。液压支架的可靠性主要依赖于液压元件的可靠性 ,液压支架在煤矿生产中应用是否成功 ,关键在于液压元件的技术性能是否达到要求。国外目前多采用大流量安全阀、液控单向阀、截止阀、初撑力保持阀及立柱快速回液阀。对液压元件的结构形式、几何尺寸、材料选择、热处理方法和表面处理等各方面进行了深入的研究与开发。研制出一批密封性能好、灵敏度高、进排液能力大、抗冲击载荷强的各类液压元件 ,以适应液压支架工作性能的要求。而我国对此类液压元件研发较为滞后 ,目前仍沿用上个世纪 80年代的产品 ,没有形成液压元件通用化、系列化、标准化。 3 液压支架发展前景展望 鉴于科学技术的高速发展 ,新技术、新工艺、新方法、新材料的不断应用及计算机技术的空前扩展 ,液压支架的未来发展具有十分诱人的前景。 3.1 设计理念的更新 ,液压支架发展的一场革命 在液压支架设计中必须考虑环境的属性。由于液压支架的工作条件恶劣 ,人、机环境的相互关系问题显得更加重要。绿色设计是将材料选择、产品结构、工艺方法、外观造型和色彩搭配按照一定规律 ,采取艺术的方法加以巧妙融合 ,充分体现人机环境系统的和谐统一。笨重的液压支架形 象将被安全、可靠、易维修、低耗能、高效率、造型美观所取代。 这种绿色设计 ,它不仅可虑环境和资源既要满足经济发展需要 ,又要满足人类生存发展需要 ,是人类可持续发展战略在支架设计中的体现。如 :液压支架在设计过程中采用多目标模糊化设计 ,要求支撑力大 ,移架速度快 ,重量轻 ,用材少等 ,每个目标确定一个函数 ,即得多个设计目标函数 ,然后组合优化 ,确定最佳方案。 河北工程大学毕业设计 14 3.2 采取纯水液压技术 ,液压支架将成为绿色机械 纯水液压技术是液压领域的发展前沿。它不仅有良好的抗燃性、散热性、而且价格也便宜 ,无污染 ,长久以来液压支架在地表层下工 作 ,由于使用工作介质是乳化液 ,并有许多添加剂 (乳化剂、防锈剂、防霉剂、偶合剂等 ) ,对地表以下微环境污染十分严重 ,所以 ,液压支架使用纯水液压技术 ,对降低煤矿的生产成本 ,保护环境是有益的 ,并可大大改善矿井的工作和安全条件。随着社会不断进步 ,人们对依赖生存的环境有了更高的要求 ,希望有一个安全、环保、高度文明的绿色环境。时代的要求呼唤着水压传动 (起源于 1605年发现帕斯卡定律 )这一古老又崭新的技术复出 ,并受到世界的关注。目前 ,西方国家集中力量研究该项技术 ,并取得突破性进展。如 :润滑磨损问题 ,合理选用摩擦副材料 ,有 工程塑料、结构陶瓷、高分子材料、防锈防腐镀层等。结构陶瓷具有耐磨性 ,抗气蚀性能好 ,良好的化学稳定性 ,较低的磨擦系数等特征 ,备受青睐。在液压元件中用结构陶瓷代替部分金属材料 ,大大的改善了其性能。总之 ,新材料的成功研制与应用 ,精密加工技术的不断进步 ,以及各种新结构液压元件的制成 ,都将成为液压支架采用纯水液压技术进入严格的无污染领域 ,提供十分诱人的应用发展前景。 3.3 高科技的应用 ,液压支架趋于智能化 先进的科学技术应用是将各种技术相互渗透 ,相互结合的基础上相互辅助 ,相互促进和提高 ,充分利用各种相关技术的优势 ,扬长避短 ,使组合后的整体功能大于组成整体的各个部分功能之和的综合性交叉学科。多种技术向“机械母体 - 液压支架”不断渗透 ,包括机、电、液、光、磁等技术的伺服系统。具体说 ,是以液压支架输出的力、速度为目的 ,构成了从输出到输入的闭环系统 ,是涉及传感技术、计算机控制技术、信号处理技术、机械传动技术、液压传动技术等。由于快速运算速度 ,强大的记忆功能和灵敏的逻辑判断功能 ,从而实现了人机对话 ,使之操作维护方便 ,整机功能强。液压支架应用功能不断扩大 ,对矿井煤层地质条件适应性不断增强 ,生产效益对设备的依赖性程度愈来愈大 ,工作 可靠性更加重要。故障诊断技术 (包括信号检测 ,故障判断 ,故障检测 ,故障分析等内容 )将随着高科技的发展理论 (如小波技术、神经网络 ,人工智能等 )进入液压支架的早期诊断 ,预防和减少事故的发生、维修的盲目性和维修时间 ,延长支架服务年限 ,提高生产效率。 4 结束语 综上所述 ,液压支架目前发展主要趋势是 :二柱掩护式架型 ,提高液压支架强度、设计系数、移架速度 ,改进个别部件的结构 (整体顶梁、宽中心距等 ) ,液压阀件系列化、标准河北工程大学毕业设计 15 化、通用化 ,高工作阻力 ,高可靠性 ,用微电子技术实现机电液一体化的数字采集、工况监测、故障诊断和自动控