高中英语 Unit3 Looking goodfeeling good Grammar and usage课件 牛津译林版必修1.ppt

Unit3Lookinggood,feelinggood,Non-restrictiveattributiveclauses&Questiontags,Grammarandusage,1.定语从句(attributiveclauses)通常由关系代词或关系副词引出。常见的关系代词有：which(指物)，that(既可指人又可指物)，who(指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语)，whom(指人，在定语从句中作宾语)，whose(指人或物，作定语)等。关系副词有:when(指时间)，where(指地点)，why(指原因)等。,2.定语从句分为限制性定语从句(restrictive)和非限制性定语从句(non-restrictive)两种。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，与先行词之间一般不加逗号；非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常用逗号分开。,1.Mymother,whoyoumetlastyear,keepstellingmenottotakethembecausetheyaredangerous.2.Imtakingweight-losspillscalledFat-Less,whicharequitepopularamongyoungwomenhere.,Non-restrictiveattributiveclauses:,3.Mymotherinsistedonsendingmetothehospital,whereIreceivedgoodmedicaltreatment.4.ItsthesameinChinamanypeople,someofwhomarenotoverweightatall,arealwaysgoingondietortakingweight-losspills,whichareoftendangerous.,Differencesbetweentherestrictiveandnon-restrictiveattributiveclauses.,Discussion,Lookatthefollowingexamplesandtellthedifferencesbetweenthesentences.,1.Hisfather,whoworksinBeijing,camebackyesterday.2.Shanghai,whichisinEastChina,isdevelopingrapidly.,Example1,Conclusion1,当先行词是地名、人名、世界上独一无二的事物或家庭唯一成员时，通常只用非限制性定语从句修饰。,1.Ihaveasisterwho/thatworksinahospital.我有一位在医院工作的姐姐。2.Ihaveasister,whoworksinahospital.我有一位姐姐，她在医院工作。,Example2,不只一位姐姐,只有一位姐姐,3.Themagazinesherewhich/thathavenicepicturesinthemwerewrittenbyhim.里面有漂亮图画的那些杂志是他写的。4.Themagazineshere,whichhavenicepicturesinthem,werewrittenbyhim.所有的杂志都是他写的，里面都有漂亮的图画。,杂志有两类,杂志只有一类,Conclusion2,1.限制性定语从句与先行词关系密切，是先行词不可缺少的部分，如果去掉它，主句意思往往不明确。2.非限制性定语从句是对先行词的补充或说明，去掉它也不会影响主句的意思。,Thisisthehouse(which/that)weboughtlastmonth.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。2.Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.这房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。,Example3,限制性定语从句,非限制性定语从句,3.HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,whichgreatlyupsetsme.他似乎没领会我的意思，这使我心烦。,非限制性定语从句,Conclusion3,1.限制性定语从句可以由关系代词，关系副词来引导，关系代词作宾语时可以省略。2.非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词，又可修饰整个主句，不可用that引导且关系代词不可以省略。,1.Thefamousbasketballstar,_comesfromAmerica,willvisitourschoolsoon.2.Inthosedays,sheusedtogotoMrblack,with_shehadawonderfultime.3.Iboughtacaryesterday,_costmealot.,which,whom,who,4.Xian,_Ivisitedlastyear,isaniceoldcity.5.HewillcometoseemenextJuly,_hewontbesobusy.6.Theschool,_Ioncestudied,wasbuiltthirtyyearsago.,which,where,when,7.Johnsaidhedbeenworkingintheofficeforanhour,_wastrue.8._weallknow,heisgoodatEnglish.,As,which,非限制性定语从句考点归纳：,as和which引导非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句。,1.Aseveryoneknows,Chinaisacountrywithalonghistory.众所周知，中国是一个历史悠久的国家。,Example:,2.Sheisateacher,asisclearfromhermanner.她是个教师，这一点从她的举止可以清楚地看出。3.Hemissedtheshow,whichwasreallyagreatpity.他错过了演出，这真是很大的遗憾。,Conclusion,1.as和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，as和which可代替整个主句，相当于andthis或andthat。这两个关系代词都可指代主句所表达的整个意思,且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。,2.as和which引导非限制性定语从句的不同之处在于：(1)as引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which引导的定语从句不可放在句首。(2)as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若从句中的谓语为行为动词，则从句的关系代词只能用which。另外，as引导非限制性从句，常带有“正如”的意思。,Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,_cameasasurprise.2.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,_wasmorethanwecouldexpect.3._isexpected,theEnglandteamwonthefootballmatch.,As,which,which,4.Itrainedhardyesterday,_preventedmefromgoingtothepark.5._wecansee,thesmokecamefromthelittledustbin.,which,As,II.all/some/of+whom/which引导非限制性定语从句,Example:,Hehastoldusmanystories,allofwhichareaboutthefamousLongMatch.2.ThestudentsofClass1,someofwhomcamefromJapan,wentcampingyesterday.,Conclusion,在非限制性定语从句中，一些表达数量或定位的数词或代词如all/some/one/both/neither/none/any/either/any等可与of构成介词词组修饰限制先行词，此时先行词在其后的定语从句中作介词的宾语，关系代词不可用that。如先行词指人则用whom，如先行词指物则用which引导从句。,1.Manystudentsinthisschool,someofwhicharenotoverweight,aregoingondiets.2.Thereare54studentsinmyclassandtenofwhomcomefromUS.,whom,Correction:,them,3.Halfamillionpairsofshoesareproducedbytheworkershereeveryyear,80%ofwhomaresoldabroad.4.Ihavemanyfriendsinthistown,someofwhicharebusinessman.5.Iamdoingdifferenttypesofexercises,allofthemarequitehelpfultomyhealth.,which,which或all前加and,whom,Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,_,ofcourse,madetheothersenvyhim.A.whoB.thatC.whatD.which,Practicetime,2.TheEnglishplay,_mystudentsactedattheNewYearsparty,wasagreatsuccess.A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich,3.Thereweredirtymarksonhertrousers_shehadwipedherhands.A.whereB.whichC.whenD.that4.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthatschool.Itisnolongerwhatitwas20yearsago,_itwassopoorlyequipped.A.whenB.whichC.whatD.that,5.TheBritisharenotsofamiliarwithdifferentculturesandotherwaysofdoingthings,_isoftenthecaseinothercountries.A.itB.thatC.asD.so,Joineachpairofsentencestofromonesentence,usingoneofthemasanon-restrictiveattributiveclausewithwho,whom,whose,which,whereorwhen.Amyisanactress.SheisZhouLingsfriend._,Amy,whoisZhouLingsfriend,isanactress.,2.ThedoctorsatthehospitaltriedtheirbesttosaveAmy.Amyspendabouttwomonthsinthathospital._3.Amyeatslotsoffruitandvegetables.Allofthemaregoodforherhealth.,Thedoctorsatthehospital,whereAmyspentabouttwomonths,triedtheirbesttosaveAmy.,_4.Amysometimesgoesforawalkintheafternoon.Itisfineandwarmintheafternoon._,Amyeatslotsoffruitandvegetables,allofwhicharegoodforherhealth.,Amysometimesgoesforawalkintheafternoon,whenitisfineandwarm.,5.MyuncleisanengineerandisworkinginBeijing.Itoldyouabouthimyesterday._6.MikehasdecidedtovisittheGreatWallnextmonth.Hishobbyistravelling._,Myuncle,whomItoldyouaboutyesterday,isanengineerandisworkinginBeijing.,Mike,whosehobbyistravelling,hasdecidedtovisittheGreatWallnextmonth.,AnswerstoPartB:(1)who(2)where(3)which(4)which(5)which(6)which(7)whose(8)when(9)who(10)who,Questiontags,1.Whatarequestiontags?,Questiontagsareshortquestionsthatcomeattheendofstatements.,Discussion,2.Whatarequestiontagsusedfor?,Questiontagsareusedforagreementorconfirmation.,3.Lookatthefollowingexamplesandtellinwhatdifferentsituationsthequestiontagsareused.,Example1:Itsalovelyday,isntit?Situation1:tostartaconversationinspokenEnglishExample2:Neitherofyouhasheardthenews,haveyou?Situation2:toaskforinformationinapoliteway,Example3:Passtheknifeonthetabletome,willyou?Situation3:toasksomeonepolitelytodosomething,Situation4:1.toaskforagreement,usingafallingtone.(Thespeakerissureaboutwhatissaid.)2.toaskforconfirmation,usingarisingtone.(Thespeakerisnotsureaboutwhatissaid.),Example4:1.Youreahighschoolstudent,arentyou?2.Youreahighschoolstudent,arentyou?,1.Lookinggoodisimportanttowomen,isntit?Iwaslucky,wasntI?Weshouldntbeashamedofthewaywelook,shouldwe?,Examples,Allthequestiontagsaboveareusedtoaskforagreementbythewriterandtheyshouldbereadinafallingtone.,Conclusion:,Rules:陈述部分带有seldom，hardly，never，neither，none，nobody，nothing，few，little等否定词时，疑问部分应用肯定。如果陈述部分的否定词仅带否定前缀或后缀，那么，陈述部分做肯定句处理，疑问部分仍用否定形式。,e.g.Hewasunsuccessful,_?当陈述部分是以there开头时，疑问部分主语也用there。e.g.Thereisnohelpforit,_?Thereissomethingwrong,_?,wasnthe,isthere,isntthere,如果陈述部分是Iam的结构，疑问部分用arentI.e.g.Iamlate,_?如果陈述部分是一个带有that分句作宾语的主从结构时，疑问部分一般应与主句的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系。,arentI,e.g.ShesaysthatIdidit,_?注意：当陈述部分的主句是Isuppose,Ithink,Ibelieve等结构时，疑问部分则往往与that分句中的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系，但要注意否定的转移。e.g.Isupposedthatheisserious,_?Idontthinkthatsheworkshard,_?,doesntshe,isnthe,doesshe,陈述部分含有oughtto时，疑问部分可以用ought形式，也可用should形式。e.g.Thechildoughttobepunished,_?Weoughttogothere,_?陈述部分有usedto时，疑问部分可用used形式，也可用did形式。e.g.Heusedtosmokefivecigarettesaday,_?,oughtnthe,shouldntwe,didnt/usednthe,陈述部分有hadbetter，wouldrather，wouldlike时，疑问部分要注意区别简略形式。e.g.Youdbettergonow,_?Youdrathergothereearly,_?Hedliketogo,_?,hadntyou,wouldnthe,wouldntyou,陈述句中must后动词的类属与时态不同，反意疑问句也不同。1)must表“必须”“必要”时，疑问部分用mustnt或neednt。e.g.Youmustworkhardnextterm,_?Youmustgohomerightnow,_?,mustntyou,needntyou,2)mustnt表“禁止”，疑问部分用must。e.g.Youmustntwalkongrass,_?3)must表推测时，疑问部分不用must，而要把陈述部分改写。如：e.g.Hemustbeverytired,_?(=Imsureheisverytired.),mustyou,isnthe,Hemusthavewaitedforalongtime,_?(=Imsurehehaswaitedforalongtime.)Youmusthaveseentheplaylastweek,_?(=Imsureyousawtheplaylastweek.),hasnthe,didntyou,陈述部分中有have时1)have意为“有”时，可以有两种形式。e.g.Hedoesnthaveanysisters,_?Hehasntanysisters,_?YouhaveaRolls-Royce,_?,hashe,doeshe,havent/dontyou,2)have意为“吃，经历，遭受，得到”等其它含义时，疑问部分只用do的适当形式。e.g.Youallhadagoodtime,_?Heoftenhascolds,_?3)当含有haveto，hadto时，疑问部分用do的适当形式。e.g.Theyhadtotaketheearlytrain,_?,didntyou,doesnthe,didntthey,当陈述部分主语为this，that，everything，anything，something，nothing等时，反意疑问句的主语用it。e.g.Everythingisallright,_?Nothingcanstopusnow,_?,isntit,canit,当陈述部分中主语为anybody,anyone,everybody,everyone,somebody,someone,nobody,noone,those,these反意疑问句中主语用they。e.g.Everyoneknowstheanswer,_?,dontthey,在祈使句中1)肯定与否定的祈使句中，疑问部分都用willyou。e.g.Dontmovethechair,_?2)