中考英语单项填空五要诀.doc

中考英语单项填空五要诀一、打好词汇基础这里的词汇基础不仅仅是指对所学单词的读音、拼写和意义的掌握，还要懂得常用单词的前后搭配、近义词辨析及短语动词的区别等。中考单填空题涉及到：(1) 常用词的前后搭配。请看下面这道中考题：The earth is our home. We must _it clean.A. changeB. sweepC. keepD. build答案是C，因为在这几个动词中能接“宾语+宾补”的只有keep。(2) 近义词细微差别，特别是近义动词、名词、形容词和副词的辨析。如常考的有：spend, cost, pay, take; talk, speak, tell, say; borrow, lend, keep, use; take, bring, fetch; hope, wish, expect; start, begin; lie, lay; hear, listen, sound; see, look; beat, win, lose, fail; rise, raise, lift; forget, leave; sound, voice, noise; home, family, house, room; game, match; excuse, reason; large, big; good, well等等。请看下面这道中考题：The temperature was below zero. It was difficult to _ the car.A. moveB. getC. beginD. star答案是D。温度低与能否搬动、移动汽车，或者得到汽车均无关系，极易排除答案A和B；关键是区分begin和start，只要懂得使机器开始运转或发动机的开动只能用start而不用begin，就可选出正确答案了D。(3) 短语动词的比较，特别是由get, look, take, put, turn, come, send等动词加up, down, for, to, on, after, in, out, off, away等介词或副词构成的短语动词。常考的有：get on / off / up / back; look at / for / after / up / out / like; put down / up / off / on / away; take off / up / down / away; turn off / on / up / down; send up / off / for; open up, made up; agree with, come up with等等。请看下面这道中考题：I didnt go to the park with my classmates, because my mother asked me to _ my little sister at home.A. look afterB. look atC. look forD. look like答案是C，由句子的意思可知母亲叫我在叫“照看(look for)”妹妹。此题要求考生熟记各词组的不同意思。二、掌握基本语法知识语法是谴词造句的法则，掌握这些法则有助于正确说话写文，也有肋于正确理解句子意思。所以语法对学好外语非常重要。中考试题中常考的语法规则有：(1) 名词：常见不可数名词的用法特点；可数名词单复数的变化规则；名词的所有格，特别是有两个并列名词后的所有格；语境中名词的选择。(2) 代词：人称代词主格和宾格的不同用法；形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的不同用法；something, anything, everybody, nobody, no one等复合不定代词的用法；(a) few, (a) little, many, much, some, any等不定代词的用法；either, neither, both, all等的用法；other, another, the other, others, else等词的用法区别。(3) 冠词：定冠词的用法，如表示特指时用the，在play后的乐器名词前、序数词和最高级前等均要用the；不定冠词a和an的用法及其区别；不用冠词的情况，如不是特指的不可数名词前和非特指的一日三餐的名词前不用冠词，play后所接的球类运动名词前不用冠词，当bed, table, hospital, school, church等表示其用途时前面不用冠词；一些固定短语中冠词的用法。(4) 形容词和副词：形容词和副词的用法区别，如在系动词后作表语或在名词前作定语用形容词，修饰动词、形容词或另一个副词作状语用副词；形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法；how long, how soon, how often, how far等的区别；so和such的用法；enough的用法；在语境中选择一个恰当的形容词或副词。(5) 介词：重点考表示时间和地点的on, in, at等的用法区别；另外by, near, with, without, as, for, to, between, among等介词的用法也是常考的。(6) 动词：动词的时态和语态；情态动词can, may, must, need, have to, had better等的用法；非谓语动词，如在enjoy, finish等动词后只能接动词的ing形式作宾语，在decide, refuse, would like后只能接不定式作宾语，在forget, remember, stop, go on等后接不定式和接ing形式意义不同；句型：ask / tell / want sb(not) to do sth；let / make / let sb do sth；see / hear / watch / notice sb do sth和see / hear / watch / notice sb doing的区别。(7) 连词：并列连词and, but, or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also等；引导时间状语从句的连词when, after, before, until, while, as soon as等；引导条件状语从句的连词if, unless等；表示因果关系的连词because, as, since, so, so / suchthat等；引导定语从句的连词that, which, who, whom, whose等。(8) 宾语从句：考查引导宾语从句的连接词if, whether; that; when, where, who, what, how等；语序；时态一致。(9) 感叹句和反意疑问句。(10) there be结构和have / has的区别。三、学会利用语境分析所谓语境就是指上下文。解答中考单项填空题，不要只盯在空格那个地方，也不要只盯在含空格的那一个句子，而要理解整个上下文的意思才能作出选择。请看下面这道中考题：Youre very _, arent you? Yes. Our team has won the game.A. happyB. worriedC. sadD. afraid解答此题时你若只看问句，填任何一个答案都是正确的，当看到答句中的has won the match才知道只有答案A正确。四、熟悉常用的交际用语就是指考生还要懂得英语国家的人与中国人由于历史文化和思维方式的不同所造成日常交往中语言表达的不同。请看下面这道中考题：Your spoken English is much better! _.A. Oh, noB. Youre rightC. Thank youD. Not at all当被别人称赞时，谦虚的中国人常说“不，哪里哪里”或“不，还差得远咧”等等