名词性从句VS名词性从句的简化.doc

一 名词性从句名词性从句在本质上是将句子当成名词使用名词在句中充当四种成分：主语、表语、宾语、和同位语A 主语从句,名词性从句从句引导词例句主语从句that,wh-词，if(if 不能位于句首)1 It doesnt matter whether/ if people will buy it. 2 What happened on that day will be forever etched in our memory.3 Why dinosaurs became extinct is still a mystery.宾语从句that, wh-词,if 1 He is quite aware of how risky this investment is.2 The report made it clear that parties involved are trying every effort to solve the problem of pollution.表语从句that, wh-词1 What I particularly dislike about this lesson is that it is really boring.2 Thats why most divorced women regard themselves as victims.同位语从句that, whether, wh-词1 Evidence came up that specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old.2 They faced the problem whether they could get the loan from the bank.Sliver stains whatever it touches.1 that 引导的主语从句：that 主语从句谓语句首 it 作形式主语+ that 主语从句位于句末 。二者可相互转换。Eg That oil prices will rise a gain this year is nearly certain.改写成it 作形式主语：It is nearly certain that oil prices will rise again this year.It is certain that the experiments were unsuccessful.改写成that 句型： That the experiments were unsuccessful is certain.2 what 引导的主语从句What 在主语从句中主语Eg What most touches me in this movie is the silent ending.Eg What happened on that day will be forever etched in our memory.What 在主语从句中作宾语Eg I cant imagine what he will do next.3 同位语从句The tragic news reached her that her beloved brother had been killed for anti-Nazi activities.辨别与关系从句的区别Eg They were all shocked at the news that was released just a few minutes ago二 名词性从句的简化1 That 引导的主语从句的简化（可以简化为带逻辑主语的动名词分句）That 引导的主语从句位于句首Eg That he couldnt come disappointed us. His not being able to come disappointed us.That 引导的主语从句位于句末It was estimated that he won the game.2 从句的简化 宾语从句简化为动名词分句Eg He complained that the project wasnt finished on time。_He complained of the project not being finished on time.Point :that 引导的主、宾语从句简化为带逻辑主语的动名词分句的四部a 确定主语：如果从句中的主语与主句中的主语不一致，则可以考虑转换为带逻辑主语的动名词结构。b 确定谓语：再看谓语接宾语时有无必要增加介词。c 确定动名词：将从句中的谓语改为动名词。d确定动名词的逻辑主语。正式语体中，如果逻辑主语是代词，用所有格 如his； 非正式语体中可用宾格 如him 如果逻辑主语是无生命词，如government， 用普通格形式，如government如果逻辑主语是有生命的单数名词，如the man，用普通格形式， the man.如果逻辑主语是复数名词或较长的词组，用普通格。Eg He knew the unemployment figure had been on the rise in recent years.P218 _ I knew the unemployment figure being on the rise in recent years.Eg Some parents object that the school assigns students too much homework._ Some parents object to the school assigning students too much homework.宾语从句简化为不定式分句。P218在有that 引导的宾语从句中， 从句的主语与主句的主语相同。在what-词引导的宾语从句中，从句的主语与主句的主语相同。在所有可简化的宾语从句中，从句中的谓语往往含有情态或将来时意义。Eg He hopes he can pursue further studies in this filed abroad. _He hopes to pursue further studies in this filed abroad.Eg She cant decide whether she should vote for Clint. _She cant decide whether to vote for Clint. 同位语从句的简化由that 引导的同位语从句可简化为带逻辑主语的动名词分句。和上面的将宾语从句简化为动名词分句规律相似。转换时，在同位语所修饰的名词后加上介词of /to或 about