Unit 1 Encyclopaedia 学习目标.doc

广州英语 八年级上Unit 1 Encyclopedias学习目标全解必记单词human adj. 人的 dinosaur n. 恐龙inventor n.发明家 born v.出生ability n. 才能；能力 include v. 包括；包含even adv. 甚至 however adv. 然而nobody pron. 没有人 win v. 获胜，赢常考短语be born for examplemore than die outjust like be famous forhow long find outwould like next togo for a walk经典句型1. Some dinosaurs were as small as chickens.2. Nobody knows why.3. Would you like some tea?重点语法some和any；复合不定代词 Getting reading1. Is my encyclopaedia usdful, Lo? Lo, 我的百科全书有用吗？ useful adj. “有用的，有益的，有帮助的”。useful是由名词use加后缀-ful构成的形容词，常在句中充当表语或定语。This dictionary is very useful to us. 这本词典对我们很有用。This is a useful book for English beginners. 这是一本对英语初学者有帮助的书。拓展：（1） useful前使用不定冠词a, 因为它的发音是以辅音音素开头。（2）以-ful结尾的形容词的反义词多是相应的以-less结尾的形容词。useful (有用的) useless（无用的） careful（细心的） careless（粗心的）helpful （有帮助的） helpless（徒劳的） Reading1. painter2. cook vs cooker3. Look it up! 查阅一下！Look up 意为“查阅；查询”，强调的词典、参考书等工具书里查询。We can look up new words in dictionary. 我们可以在词典中查新单词。【拓展】. look up 仰视；向上看He looked up from his book as I came into the room. 我进入房间时，他从书本上抬起头来看了看。. look的相关短语：look around 向周围看 look out 向外看；当心 look like 看起来像look the same 看起来相同 look forward to盼望（2013 杭州） This morning I some new restaurants on the Internet for I wanted to take Mia to a nice restaurant for her birthday.A. picked up B. looked up C. cleaned up D. gave up解析： picked up 意为“捡起”；look up 意为“查找”；clean up意为“打扫干净”；give up意为“放弃”；根据后句句意“因为我想带Mia到一家好餐馆过生日”可知应该选look up，表示“查找”新饭店。故选B项。3. Da Vinci was born in the countryside. be born意为“出生”，其后可接地点或时间状语。接地点名词时用介词in，接时间名词时用介词on或in（具体到某一天用on；出生于某年/某月用in）。Li Ming was born in England on May 8th, 1995.Where were you born?4. His paintings are very famous, and one, the Mona Lisa, is perhaps the most famous paintings in the world.famous adj. 著名的，相当于well-know，可以做表语和定语。She is famous sports star in the world. . 辨析： be famous for 与be famous asbe famous for因而闻名Hangzhou is famous for the West Lake.be famous as作为而著名He is famous as a singer.（北京中考）完成句子北京以其众多的名胜古迹而闻名于世。Beijing its many places of interest in the world.5. For example, his notebooks include some interesting drawings of flying machines. include及物动词，包含，包括The price includes both your shirt and your trousers.The children include twenty girls.【拓展】including prep. 包括，包含在内Ten members were present at the meeting, including myself.drawing 可数名词，图画；素描图辨析：drawing, picture 与paintingdrawing指素描、工程图、线条图、铅笔画、钢笔画等picture指图片、图画、照片等。指照片时，与photo意义相同painting指着色的水彩画、油画等6. Dinosaurs lived on Earth more than 60 million years before human beings. more than “超过；多于”， 相当于over， 反义词less than，意为“少于”。They have more than a car. 他们有不止一辆汽车。【拓展】no more than ( = only) 仅仅；不过 not more than 不多于；不超过million “百万”，与具体的数字连用是，不加-s，后面直接接复数名词。固定短语 millions of 。 “数百万的”，其后接可数名词的复数形式，不与具体数字连用。hundred, thousand和million的用法相同。Millions of people help them in different ways.There are about two thousand students in this school.He wrote hundreds of songs.助记：hundred, thousand和million，有时含糊有时清。 清时无-s和of，糊时-s和of跟。Football is so exciting that of people in the world play it. A. millions of B. million of C. two millions of7. They lived everywhere on Earth.everywhere adv. 到处(=here and there)I looked for my dog everywhere, but I couldnt find it.辨析：everywhere, nowhere, anywhere 与somewhereeverywhere到处用于肯定句nowhere没有一处表示否定的含义anywhere任何地方多用于否定句和疑问句somewhere某个地方用于肯定句8. Some dinosaurs were as small as chickens.as. as. “与一样”，当两个比较对象在某方面相同时，用“as+形容词/副词原级+ as”结构，表示“（A与B）一样”This tree is as tall as that one.【拓展】比较两个对象时，若一方不及另一方，则用“not/so+形容词/副词原级+ as”结构，表示“A不如B“Our school is not so big as yours.(2013 甘肃白银) - English isnt as as Chinese.- Maybe, perhaps its just because Chinese is your native language. A. easy B. easily C. easier D. easiest9. Some could even fly.10. However, some dinosaurs liked to eat meat.11. Nobody knows why.12. comes out of his/her mother/s body out of 从出来，在外 Fish cant live out of water. The workers are coming out of the meeting room.词条含义rush out of从冲出来jump out of从跳出来look out of从向外看take out of从取出来13. outside prep.在外面, 反义词：inside Lets play games outside the house.There are no students inside the classroom.adv. 在外面。Lets paint the house green outside.Its raining outside. Lets stay inside and watch TV!14. at the end of . 在的末尾，在的尽头，既可指地点，也可指时间。in the end 最终，最后，终于，其后不接of短语。15. person person指个别人，其复数指具体的数量对于1的人Six persons were injured in the car accident.people集合名词，通常为复数，泛指“人，人们”，一般不指具体的人Some people may not support us.man除指“男人”外，还泛指一般的人Any man with eyes can see it.16. When I was young, I used to keep a notebook.“used to + 动词原形”意为“过去常常做某事”，并且暗含有“现在已不做”之意。I used to read English in the evening. But now I usually read it in the morning.I used to go to that primary school.(辽宁中考)翻译句子过去我们经常写信，而现在写电子邮件。We , but now we write e-mails.17. They were not very good, but they helped me think and dream.help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事，有时本结构与help sb. with sth.相同。He often helps me (to) study English. = He often helps me with my English.【拓展】help oneself to .随便吃些 Help yourselves to some fish, children. cant help doing. 禁不住做She cant help laughing.18. I was a student just like you.just like “正如，正像”, like prep. 像， 后接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式。Everyone would like a clean classroom, just like home.19. Perhaps you will do something important pr even become famous one day.something important “重要的事”。 形容词作定语修饰something, anything, nothing等不定代词时，要放在这些不定代词的后面。（2013 湖北孝感）My host family tried to cook for me when I studied in New Zealand. A. different something B. different anything C. something different D. anything different20. Just remember to think and to dream.remember vt.记住辨析：remember to do sth. 与remember doing sth.remember to do sth.记得去做某事（此事还未做）Remember to post his letter.remember doing sth.记得已做过某事（此事已做完）I remember posting hid letter.21. Some were small; others were huge.some . others . 一些另一些others指除去一部分之后的另一些，但不是剩余的全部。There are lots of people in the park. Some are walking and others are climbing the hill.【拓展】some . the others . 一些其余的， the others 指剩下的全部包含在内的”其余人或事物“。There are some children on the beach. Some can swim but the others cant.22. How ling did dinosaurs live on Earth before they disappeared?how long “多长时间”, 用于提问一段时间。它还可以用来提问物体的长度，意为“多长”。How long did you stay?How long is the river?(南京中考) - do you watch TV every week?- Less than two hours. I often have much homework to do.A. How many B. How much C. How long D. How oftenListening1. Jane Dickinson won Magic TV Quiz.win vt. 赢得，获胜，后接的宾语一般是比赛、辩论或格斗等名词。win也可作不及物动词。Who won the mens 400 meters race?We must win today.【拓展】beat “击败，打败，胜过”，后接的冰雨是参加比赛的人、团体等。Li Lei beat Jim and won the first prize.(安徽中考) - Our team the match. Weve got the first place! - Well done! Congratulations!A. hit B. beat C. won D. watched2. She can find out about many . 她能弄清许多关于find out 意为“了解（到）；弄清；发现”。I will try to find out who broke the machine.Read this passage, and find out the answer to this question.辨析： find out, find与look forfind out查明，找出指通过观察、探索等努力才查明结果find发现，找到强调结果look for寻找强调动作一言辨异 I lost my pen. I have looked for it everywhere, but I cant find it. Could you help me find out who has found it? 我的钢笔丢了。我已经到处找了，但没找到。你能帮我查查谁发现他了吗？（重庆中考）- Steven, could you help me when the plane will take off on the Internet? - Im sorry, my computer doesnt work.A. get on B. find out C. look for D. look afterGrammarA some and anyWe use some and any to talk about amounts.1. Work out the ruleWe use some and any before plural countable nouns and uncountable nouns.We usually use some in positive statements. We usually use any in negative statements and questions.我们在复数可数名词和不可数名词之前使用some和any。在肯定句中我们通常用some。在否定句和以文件中我们通常用any。2. Things to remember当我们期待得到肯定回到时，我们也在疑问句中用some。We also use some in questions when we expect the answer to be “yes”.May I have some noodles.B somebody, anybody, nobody, etc.1. 一般来说，由some构成的复合不定代词往往用于肯定句中；而由any构成的复合不定代词则往往用于否定句或疑问句中。 I heard someone singing when I was at work last night.【拓展】由some构成的复合不定代词有事也可用于疑问句中，用来表示请求、建议等语句。Would you like something to drink?2. 复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Somebody wants to see you.3. 形容词修饰复合不定代词something, anything, everything, nothing等时，要放在不定代词的后面。Do you have anything important to tell us?助记： 复合不定代词用法歌诀复合代词不张扬，修饰成分后面藏。单数从此作谓语，何时何地都一样。1. We have some questions about dinosaurs.about 此处用作介词，意为“关于”I have a lot of books about animals.辨析： about和on两者都有“关于”的意思，其区别如下：about指内容较为普通不如on正式on常常暗示内容是专门的、学术的比about更为正式和书面化2. There is not anybody in the room.3. Is there anything above the teacher?above prep. 在上方，后接名词或代词作宾语。The plans is flying above the clouds.辨析：above，on与overabove“在上方”，表示两者不接触与below（在下面）相对在上方 在上 在（正）上above on over below beneath 在下面 在下 under在下on“在上面”，指两者接触与between（在下）相对over“在（正）上方”，表示两者垂直，但不接触，也可指“笼罩或覆盖在上面”与under（在下）相对The moon is now above the trees.The books are on the table.There is a big bridge over the river.4. Is there anybody by the window?by prep. 在旁边，靠近 My house is by the river.She sits by that window.【拓展】by的其他常见用法：by乘（车、船等）Well go by boat.（指时间）不迟于You must be back by ten oclock at night.（表示方法、手段等）用；靠He makes a living by selling vegetables.5. Is there anything under the teachers desk? 名词所有格：名词词尾加s，多用来表示有生命的东西。“介词+of+名词”，多用来表示无生命的东西。单词形式构成方法举例普通单数名词在词尾直接加smy fathers friend词尾已有-s的复数名词在词尾只加students room词尾不带-s的复数名词在词尾直接加sChildrens Day表示几个人共有的所有关系在最后一个词尾加sJane and Marys room表示几个人各自的所有关系在每个词尾加sJanes and Marys rooms(2013 广西贺州) Look at the man over there. He is uncle.A. Jims and Tims B. Jims and Tim C. Jim and Tim D. Jim and Tims6. Is there anyone next to the piano? next to 在旁边，紧挨着，其后长街表示长多。顺序等的词。Our house is next to the park.（福建莆田中考） 根据汉语提示完成句子On this way, the computer room is (在近旁，紧邻) the lab.Speaking1. Its always useful to have an encyclopaedia around the house.Its + adj. (+for sb.) + to do sth. 是固定句式，意为“做某事（对于某人来说）是的”，其中it是形式主语，没有实际意义，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式（短语）。句中的sb.与动词不定式to do之间存在主谓关系。Its very important for us to learn English.Its very interesting to play computer games.- I often have hamburgers for lunch.- Youd better not. Its bad for you too much junk food. (安徽芜湖中考)A. eat B. to eat C. eating D. ateMore practice1. It was made in 1964 by John Landy. 这是一个被动语态的句子，谓语was made意为“被建造”。 英语中有两中语态，即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态谓语动词的构成为“be +及物动词的过去分词”。Many people speak English. 许多人说英语。（主动语态）主语 谓语 宾语 English is spoken by many people. 英语被许多人讲。（被动语态）主语 be + 过去分词 by +主动语态中的主语（2013 山东聊城） It was reported that nine Chinese people in a balloon crash(坠毁) in Egypt on February 26, 2013.A. are killed B. were killed C. will kill D. have killed2. Landy wanted something to make people come to his fruit shop, so he built the Big Banana.make sb. do sth. 意为“使/让某人做某事”，make在此处是使役动词，后跟不带to的动词不定式作宾补。The boss made me work twelve hours a day.Who made Tom cry?【拓展】最常见的使役动词有have, make, let和get，都表示“使，让”之意，其后都可跟复合宾语。但have, make, let后用动词不定式做宾补时不带to；而get后用动词不定式作宾补时带to。I will have/make/let him go instead of me. = I will get him to go instead of me.(2013 重庆) He lost his key. It made him in the cold to wait for his wifes return. A. to stay B. stayed C. stays D. stay3. The idea worked.