2011考研英语完形填空,中英对照.doc

Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewd laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.” But despite some claims to the contary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness. Laughter does produce short term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, boosting heart rate and oxygen consumption. But because hard laughters are difficult to sustain, a good health is unlikely to have measurable benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.In fact, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laghter apparently accomplish the opposite. Studies dating back to the 1930s indicate that laughter relaxes muscles, decreasing muscles tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.Such bodily reaction might conceivably（probably） help moderate the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of physical feedback | that improves ones emotional state. According to a classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partly rooted in physical reactions. It was argued that at the end of 19th century that humans do not cry because they are sad but that they become sad when the tears begin to flow.Although sadness also precedes tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow from muscular response. In an experiment published in 1988, social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of Wurzburg in Germany asked volenteers to hold a pen either with their teeththereby creating an artificial smileor with their lips, which produce a disappointed expression. Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles reacted more enthusiastically to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, suggesting that expressions may influence emotions rather than the other way around. Similarly, the physical act of laughter could improve mood.古希腊哲学家亚里士多德认为笑是对身体最好的锻炼。有益于身体健康的宝贵锻炼。A bodily exercise precious to health, 将bodily和health放在一起， 但有相反的意见认为，笑也许对身体健康根本就没有什么作用。笑的确会对心脏的功能和心血管the function of the heart and its blood vessels所有格的翻译。心脏和心血管的功能产生短期的影响，增加心率和氧含量oxygen consumption氧气消耗，但是由于大笑并不能持久，所以笑对人体健康的作用并不如散步或者慢跑更明显。 实际上，运动通过使人的肌肉变得紧张而增进健康，笑却恰恰相反。1930s汉语没有这种表示方法，20世纪30年代就有研究表明笑可以放松肌肉，笑后肌肉的紧张度会下降长达45分钟之久。 这样的生理反应可能会减轻moderate心理上的压力。不管怎么说，笑可能引起一些其他的,other不能漏了生理反应，这些反应反过来又提高了人们的情绪。根据一个经典的关于情绪的实验，我们的感受部分，partly不能漏了来在于我们的生理反应。19世纪末普遍认为人不是因为伤心而哭，而是在眼泪流下时才觉得伤心。 但是也有事实证明情绪来自于肌肉的反应，人是先伤心，后落泪的。1988年地一个实验中，德国乌兹堡大学的社会心理学家Fritz S