第3单元课件高一第二册.ppt

Unit3Computers,Thehistoryofcomputers,Revision:,thesecondgeneration(1956-1963),thethirdgeneration(1964-1971),thefourthgeneration(1971-),Thefirstgeneration(1945-1956),Learningaboutlanguage,Discoveringusefulwordsandexpressions,1._2._3._4._5._6._7._8._9._10._,completechangeinwaysofthinking,working,etc.connectedcomputersystemtomakethingseasiertofindtheanswerusingnumberscanbemovedeasilyfromplacetoplacetoworkouttheanswertoaproblemtotravelaroundanareatofindoutaboutitcompletelyanywayactivityofmanagingmoney,finance,anyhow,totally,explore,solve,mobile,calculate,simplify,revolution,network,Findthewordorexpressionsfroeachofthefollowingmeaningsfromthetext.,Completethepassagewiththewordsbelow.,Mybrotherwasveryinterestedincomputersandenjoyedwritingprogramsofhisown.HeusedtodownloadinformationfromtheInternetandmadegooduseofit.Helikedto_theWorldWide_andusedtheInternettocommunicatewithcomputerprogrammersallovertheworld.WhenhewenttouniversityhestudiedIT(information_)anddevelopedaspecialinterestin_intelligence.Afterdevelopingspecial_ofthecomputer,hehopestodesignan_robotwhichcanthink_andlooklikeahumanbeing,butin_hehasalongwaytogo.,explore,Web,technology,artificial,applications,intelligent,logically,reality,WordPuzzle,Anabacus,Itisbuilttosolvesomemathematicalproblems.Butitistoobig.,Ahugecomputer,AnoldcalculatingmachineusedinChinauntilnow.,Itisanewcalculatingmachinewhichcansolvealargenumberofmathematicalproblems.,Acalculator,Itisapersonalcomputerwhichcansolveallkindsofproblemsandisusedwidelynow.,APC(personalcomputer),Itisakindofcomputerwhichcanbetakenconvenientlylikeanotebook.,Anotebookcomputer,1).Withthehelpofcomputer,youmaynotfindithardtodealwithandshareinformation.(it做形式宾语)在电脑的帮助下，你会发现处理和分享信息是不难的。2)Thiswillcostalotofmoney,butafterall,itisworthbuyingacomputerforeveryteacher.为每位老师购置一台电脑要花费很多钱，但毕竟这很值得。3)Ifanewsituationarises,theywillmakeupnewprogrammes.如果出现新的情况，他们会补充新的程序。,Thekeysentences:,4)Personally,Ithinktheteamwhowonfirstplacecheated.就我个人而言，我认为赢得第一名的那支队作弊。5)ItisgenerallybelievedthatIThasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.人们普遍认为信息技术既有优点又有缺点。6)Inaway,herEnglishhasimprovedbutthereisstillalongwaytogo.从某种程度上看，她的英语有所进步，但对她来说，学好英语道路还很长。,7)Incommonwithmyteammates,IenjoystayinghomereadingnovelswhenIamonholiday.（现在分词做状语）和我的同伴们一样，放假时，我喜欢呆在家里看小说。8)However,peoplethoughtIwassimple-mindeduntiltheydiscoveredIhad“artificialintelligence”.可是人们本来以为我头脑简单，直到发现我有人工智能时，他们才不这么想了。,9)CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsideredtohaveinventedthefirstcomputer.人们普遍认为第一台电脑是查尔斯巴比奇发明的。10)Thedoorwontopenanyway.这门无论如何也打不开。11)Astheyearshavegoneby,computershavebeenmadesmallerandsmaller.一年又一年过去了，电脑被制造得越来越小。,12).Theyhadsomuchworktodothattheyhavetotaketurns(in/at)lookingaftertheirsickmother.他们都很忙以致不得不轮流照顾生病的母亲。13)Inmyopinion,youshouldwatchoveryourchild,whooftenwandersinthestreets.依我看来，你应该看管好你那个孩子，他经常在街上徘徊。,ThePassiveVoice,ChangetheActiveVoiceintothePassiveVoice:,GroupA1.Wehavefinishedourhomework.2.ManyvisitorshavevisitedtheGreatWall.3.Mikehasseentwofilmssincelastmonth.4.TheRussiangovernmenthasturnedthesepalacesintomuseums.,GroupB1.Ourhomeworkhasbeenfinishedbyus.2.TheGreatWallhasbeenvisitedbymanyvisitors.3.TwofilmshavebeenseenbyMikesincelastmonth.4.Thesepalaceshavebeenturnedintomuseums.,分析:,A组强调动作的执行者,是主动语态,结构:主谓宾,相同点:两组都是完成时态,结构:have/has+过去分词B组的句子强调动作的承受者,是被动语态.相同点:两组都是完成时态结构:助动词have/hasbeen+过去分词,Have/hasbeenV-ed现在完成时的被动语态,1.ThenewbridgeovertheYellowRiverhasjustbeencompleted.2.Manymorebuildingshavebeenbuiltinthepasttenyears.,表示到现在为止已经完成的某个被动的动作,1.被动语态介词固定搭配不能省略。Hehasthoughtofawayofsolvingtheproblem.,Eg.Theaccidentwhichhappenedyesterdaysurprisedme.,=Awayofsolvingtheproblemhasbeenthoughtof.,2.breakout/happen/takeplace/arrive/become/die/disappearetc不及物动词没有被动语态,3.带双宾语的动词give/send/bring/take/teach/show/tell/make/sing/write/sell/buy/ask/pay/borrow/lend/hand/offer/provide/past/get/promise变被动语态有两种方法：,（2）=Thebookhasbeengiventohim.,（1）=Hehasbeengiventhebook.,Eg.Ihavegivenhimthebook.,(2)=Wehavebeenofferedthemostcomfortableservicebyhim.,Hehasofferedusthemostcomfortableservice.,(1)=Themostcomfortableservicehasbeenofferedtousbyhim.,Changethefollowingsentencesintothepresentperfectpassivevoice.Puttheverbsintothecorrectform.,Wehaveboughtanewpersonalcomputer.2.Wehavefoundmanyproblemswithournewcomputer.,Anewpersonalcomputerhasbeenboughtbyus.,Manyproblemshavebeenfoundwithournewcomputerbyus.,3.TheyhavebuiltaPCthewaywewanted.4.TheyhavejustjoinedourcomputertotheInternet.5.Wehaveusedthecomputereverydaysinceweboughtit.6.Wehavewrittenalotofe-mailsonthecomputerinthepastyear.,APChasbeenbuiltthewaywewantedbythem.,OurcomputerhasbeenjoinedtotheInternetbythem.,Thecomputerhasbeenusedeverydaysinceweboughtit.,Alotofe-mailshavebeenwrittenonthecomputerinthepastyear.,主动语态表示被动的若干情形：,1.谓语动词用主动表被动的四种情形,（1）某些连系动词主动表被动：look,sound,smell,taste,prove,feel,Thiskindofclothfeelssoft.Thatdoglooksdangerous.Myadviceprovedtobewrong.,(2)当open,close,shut,lock,move等用做不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。他们通常与cant,wont等连用。,Thedoorwontshut.,Suddenlythedooropened.(不强调谁开了门),（3）当read,write,wash,sell,clean,cook,burn,draw,cut,wear等词与well,easily,quickly等副词连用时，常用主动表被动。,Theclothwasheswell.Thepoemreadssmoothly.Thebooksellswell.Thischeesedoesntcuteasily.Itstoosoft.Thisshirtwillwearverylong.Thefloordoesntcleaneasily.Thiskindofricecooksmorequicklythanthatkind.,但是别的时候要看具体情况而定：,Thisbooksellswell.Sofar,200bookshavebeensoldout.,Thesentencewasreadclearlybyher.,(4)某些表示开始和结束的动作（begin,start,finish,end,etc.），当主语是事物且不强调动作的执行者时，可用主动表被动。,Whendoestheconcertbegin?Theplayendedattenoclock.,2.非谓语动词主动表被动的情况：,（1）不定式toblame,tolet用做表语时，通常用主动表被动。,Whoistoblame?(该怪谁呢？)Thehouseistolet.(此屋出租。),（2）在“be+形容词+todo”结构中的不定式通常,Thequestionisdifficulttoanswer.Doyouthinkthewaterissafetodrink?,(3)不定式用于某些动词的（have,havegot,get,w