欧洲文化入门练习与答案.doc

Division TwoThe Bible and ChristianityI. Fill in the following blanks.1. Jewish condition give birth to Christianity .Both originated in Palestine2. The ancestors of the Jews to be called “Hebrews”, which means wanderers3. About 1300 B.C, the Hebrews came to settle down, known as Canaanat that time. 4. The Bible is a collection of religious writings 5. The Bible consists two parts: the New Testament and the Old Testament. The word “Testament ”means agreement6. Deuteronomy is about the final words of Moses to his people.7. Proverb is a collection of moral maxims or sayings of Practical nature.8. Ecclesiastes is a collection of saying about the purpose of life. 9. Song of Solomon is a collection of love poems, depicting everyday life in the countryside. 10. Amos is the earliest prophet chronologically.11. While in Babylon, in the 6th century B.C, the Hebrews, now known as Jews, formed Synagogues to practice their religion.12. Under the famous scholar Ezra, they wrote down the laws of Moses in five books called Torah or Pentateuch in the Christian Bible. 13. The Old Testament was originally written in Hebrew14. The New Testament was originally written in a popular form of Greek15. The oldest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament is known as the Septuagint, as according to the fictional letter of the Aristeas, it was translated by 72 translators in 72 days.16. The most ancient extant Latin version of the whole bible is the Vulgate edition which was done in 383405A.D. by St. Jerome in common peoples language.II. Choose the Best Answer for Each Blank.1._, the Hebrews wandered through the deserts of the Middle East.A. some 3580 years ago B. some 3800 years agoC. some 3780 years ago D. some 3600 years ago2._brought the Hebrew safely back to Canaan. A. Saul B. David C. Moses D. Joshua3. The historical books dealing with history of the Hebrew people from _to_ .A. 1200B.C 586 B.C B. 1300B.C 586B.C C. 1000 B.C 100.A.D C.1300B.C 100A.D4. The first king to unite the Hebrews was a warrior farmer named_,A. Saul B. David C. Moses D. Solomon5. In 392 A.D., emperor_ made Christianity the official religion of the empire and outlawed all other religious.A. Theodosius B. Constantine C. Diocletian D. Solomon6. By 1963, the whole of the bible had been translated in _ languages and parts into _languages-a total of _, including tribal tongues.A. 229 973 1202 B. 228 974 1202 C. 227 975 1202 D.226 976 12027. The most important and influential of English bible is the “authorized” or _ version, first published in 1611. A. John Wycliffs B. William Tyndales C. King James D. Miles Converdales8The Old Testament is about _.A. The laws of god B. religious writings C. doctrine of Jesus Christ D. primitive laws9. The New Testament is about _.A. The laws of god B. religious writings C. doctrine of Jesus Christ D. primitive laws10._ is not belong to the Ten Commandments A. Thou shalt not kill B. neither shalt thou commit adultery C. neither shalt thou steal D. neither shalt not thou lieIII. True or False1. Christianity is by far the most influential religious in the world. ( F )2. Leviticus is a collection of primitive laws. ( T )3. Book of Job describes how job endures all his sufferings and still keeps his faith in god. ( T ) 4. Abraham led the Hebrews to the Promised Land, which roughly corresponds to the present day Jerusalem. ( F )5. In Amos we can hear clearly the angry voice of laboring people. ( T )IV. Definition 1. Edict of Milan: by 305 Diocletian gave up his effort to destroy the young religion. Soon a war between rivals for the throne followed and was won by Constantine. He, who believed that god had helped him in winning the battle, issued the Edict of Milan in 313. It granted religious freedom to all and made Christian legal.2. The Prophets: For more a thousand years in the Middle East there had been a class of people known as “prophets” or the spokes man of god .earlier prophets lived in groups as divided into two parts; they are Major Prophets and Minor Prophets.3. The Book of Daniel: Daniel is one of the Major Prophets, it is a story mixed with vision, describing how Daniel and his friends were taken prisoner to Babylon after the fall of Jerusalem and how they refused to compromise their faith. 4. The last supper: The Last Supper adapted from St. John，the New Testament，the Bible. The story about Jesus being betrayed by Judas was known as The Last Supper 5. Leviticus: A religious history of the Hebrew during their flight from Egypt, the period when they began to receive gods lawV. Answer the following questions.1. What are the main features of Christianity? a. One is that Jesus Christ is the Son of God, and that God sent him to earth to live as humans live, suffer as humans suffer, and die to redeem mankind. d. The other is that God gave his only begotten son, so that whosoever believes in him should not perish, but have everlasting life. c. This Redeemer, Jesus, was at once divine and truly human. Thus, at the heart of Christianity is the life of Jesus: how he lived and died to redeem the whole human race.2. How did Christianity change from a rebellious and disintegrating movement to a official religion of the empire and outland all other religion? a. at the beginning Christianity was regarded as a rebellious and disintegrating movement and was subjected to frequent persecution.b. Christianity continued to spread steadily over the Mediterranean region.c. .a religious that promised a happier life after death attracted everybody suffering hard life. It began to draw men and women from all classes.d. by 305 Diocletian gave up his effort to destroy the young religion.e. Constantine issued the edict of Milan in 313. It granted religious freedom to all , and made Christianity legal.f. in 392 A.D., emperor Theodosius made Christianity the official religion of the empire and outlawed all other religions.g. now Christianity had changed from an object of oppression to a weapon in the hands of the ruling class to crush their opponents.3. In order to hold their church together, Christians developed a church organization, what kind of organization? a. they borrowed the structure of the government of the Roman Empire to develop a church organization. b. By 300A.D. each local church called a parish and had a full time leader known as a priest. c. several parishes were grouped together into a large unit called diocese , which was headed by a bishop.d. the most important bishops were called archbishops.e. and with time goes on the archbishop of roman began to claim authority over the other archbishops.4. Can you make a brief comment on the Bible? a. the bible is the most popular book in the culture of mankind.b. it is the essential of western civilization ,having shaped the western civilization more decisively than anything else ever written .c. it is more than a religious book . d. reflecting most extensively western ideas and culture , the bible is really an encyclopedia.e. all in one , it is history , it is literature , it is record of great minds.f. it has left an enormous influence on the human race.5. How the translations of the bible influence the English literature? a. It is generally accepted that the English Bible and Shakespeare are two great reservoirs of Modern English.b. Miltons Paradise Lost, Bunyans Pilgrims Progress, Byrons Cain, up to the contemporary Hemingways The Sun Also Rises, and Steinbecks East of Eden. They are not influenced without the effect of the Bible.c. in fact few great English and American writers of the seventeenth, eighteenth, nineteenth, and twentieth century can be read and appreciated with satisfaction without a sufficient knowledge of the Bible.KeyI.1. Jewish condition Palestine2. Wanderers3. Canaan4. Religious writings5. Agreement 6. Deuteronom7. Practical nature8. the purpose of life9. everyday life in the countryside10. Amos11. Synagogues12. Torah Pentateuch13. Hebrew14. Greek 15. Septuagint 72 7216. Vulgate editionII.1-5 BDAAA 6-10 BCABDIII. 1-5 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. TIV.1. By 305 Diocletian gave up his effort to destroy the young religion. Soon a war between rivals for the throne followed and was won by Constantine. He, who believed that god had helped him in winning the battle, issued the Edict of Milan in 313. It granted religious freedom to all and made Christian legal. 2. For more a thousand years in the Middle East there had been a class of people known as “prophets” or the spokes man of god .earlier prophets lived in groups as divided into two parts; they are Major Prophets and Minor Prophets.3. Daniel is one of the Major Prophets, it is a story mixed with vision, describing how Daniel and his friends were taken prisoner to Babylon after the fall of Jerusalem and how they refused to compromise their faith.4. The Last Supper adapted from St. John，the New Testament，the Bible.The story about Jesus being betrayed by Judas was known as The Last Supper5. A religious history of the Hebrew during their flight from Egypt, the period when they began to receive gods lawV.1. a. One is that Jesus Christ is the Son of God, and that God sent him to earth to live as humans live, suffer as humans suffer, and die to redeem mankind.b. The other is that God gave his only begotten son, so that whosoever believes in him should not perish, but have everlasting life.c. This Redeemer, Jesus, was at once divine and truly human. Thus, at the heart of Christianity is the life of Jesus: how he lived and died to redeem the whole human race.2. a. at the beginning Christianity was regarded as a rebellious and disintegrating movement and was subjected to frequent persecution. b. Christianity continued to spread steadily over the Mediterranean region. c. .a religious that promised a happier life after death attracted everybody suffering hard life. It began to draw men and women from all classes.d. by 305 Diocletian gave up his effort to destroy the young religion.e. Constantine issued the edict of Milan in 313. It granted religious freedom to all , and made Christianity legal.f. in 392 A.D., emperor Theodosius made Christianity the official religion of the empire and outlawed all other religions.g. now Christianity had changed from an object of oppression to a weapon in the hands of the ruling class to crush their opponents.3. a. they borrowed the structure of the government of the Roman Empire to develop a church organization. b. By 300A.D. each local church called a parish and had a full time leader known as a priest. c. several parishes were grouped together into a large unit called diocese , which was headed by a bishop.d. the most important bishops were called archbishops.e. and with time goes on the archbishop of roman began to claim authority over the other archbishops.4. a. the bible is the most popular book in the culture of mankind. b. it is the essential of western civilization ,having shaped the western civilization more decisively than anything else ever written . c. it is more than a religious book . d. reflecting most extensively western ideas and culture , the bible is really an encyclopedia.e. all in one , it is history , it is literature , it is record of great minds.f. it has left an enormous influence on the human race.5. a. It is generally accepted that the English Bible and Shakespeare are two great reservoirs of Modern English.b. Miltons Paradise Lost, Bunyans Pilgrims Progress, Byrons Cain, up to the contemporary Hemingways The Sun Also Rises, and Steinbecks East of Eden. They are not influenced without the effect of the Bible.c. in fact few great English and American writers of the seventeenth, eighteenth, nineteenth, and twentieth century can be read and appreciated with satisfaction without a sufficient knowledge of the Bible.Division ThreeTHE MIDDLE AGESI. Fill in the following blanks.1. In the late fourth century, the Huns from Asia swept into Europe.2. The organization which played the role of uniting Europe was Christian church , so the period of the Middle Ages is also called“Age of Faith”3. Feudalism in Europe is a system of land holding with the purpose of military service4. Manor was the centre of medieval life under feudalism.5. Christian church was divided into the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church after the year of 1054.6. The official language of the Catholic Church was Latin7. The four grades of the leadership in the Church were pope, archbishops; bishops and priests8. The Trinity in Christianity refers to the Father; the Son and the Holy Spirit9. The most important of all the leaders of Christian thought was Augustine of Hippo, who lived in North Africa in the fifth century.10. Augustine of Hippo had two masterpieces of world renown, which are The Confession and The City of God.11. St. Benedict founded Benedictine Rule about 529 A.D., in which theres one item said that people wanting to marry and had to obey the orders of the abbot without question.12. Turkish Moslems attacked the Christian pilgrims, killing many of them and sold many others as slaves. This result of the news among the western European Christians was a series of holy wars called crusades13. Charlemagne was crowned “Emperor of the Romans” by the Pope in 800 for he wanted to rule as the emperor of Rome had done in ancient times.14. During the Middle Ages, astrology and alchemy as the false sciences were well accepted by the general public.15. Geoffrey Chaucer lived in the 14th century, which is called “Age of Chaucer”, and he is acclaimed as the father of English poetry16. Song of Roland is the most well-known of a group of French epics, which tells how Roland, one of Charlemagnes warriors, fights in Spain and dies defending a pass in the Pyrenees.II. Choose the Best Answer for Each Blank.1. After a Germanic general killed the last Roman emperor, and in the place of the ancient Rome rised many Germanic kingdoms, which grow into the nations known as _. Which one does not belong to them?A. England B. Finland C. Spain D. Italy2. A noble started his education as a page at the age of _.A. seven B. eight C. fourteen D. fifteen3. After_, the Church was divided into the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church.A. 800 B. 476 C.732 D. 10544. Whose translation work of Bible became the official Latin Bible used by the Roman Catholic Church of this day?A. Augustine B. King James C. St. Jerome D. Alfred the Great5. Western Europeans were mainly divided into three classes under feudalism. Which one of the following is not one of them?A. clergy B. lords C. merchants D. peasants6. During the time of Middle Ages, _ do you think had the most knowledge of learning.A. knights B.clergymen C. kings D. nobles7. The only way to get Gods favour to get to heaven was sacrament. The most important sacrament was _for remembering and thanking Christ of his death for redeeming people.A. baptismB. confirmation C. confession D. Holy Communion8. According to the Medieval Church, meat should not be touched on_, and on_everyone went to the church to worship God.A. Friday, Sunday B. Saturday, Sunday C. Friday, Saturday D. Sunday, Monday9. To the pilgrims of Christianity, Jewish people and Muslims, _ is the most holy place for them to fight with each other.A. Mecca B. Jerusalem C. Canaan D. Palestine10. Christian pilgrims held a series of holy wars called crusades, and there were in total _chief Crusades going on about 200 years.A. 3 B. 5 C. 8 D. 1011. Alfred the Great is the king of_.A. Wessex B. Essex C. Great Britain D.Wales12. St. Tomas Aquinas was a philosopher and theologian from the country of_.A. France B. Spain C. Greece D. Italy13. Literary works, such as epic, were mostly written in _before Middle Ages.A. French B. Latin C. Greek D. Germanic14. Grendal is one of the main characters of the_called_.A. novel; Cynewulf B. ballad; The Gests of Robin HoodC. epic; Beowulf D. verse; Morte dArthur15. What language did Dante use to write his masterpiece of the great Christian poem?A. Latin B. French C. Old English D. Italian 16. The whole work of The Canterbury Tales consists of a prologue and_tales in_.A. twenty-four; English B. twenty-five; FrenchC. twenty-four; Italian D. twenty-five; English17. The characteristics of the architecture in the medieval period do NOT include_.A.massiveness B. monumentality C. ornateness D. solidity18. The leading type of the architecture during this time is_, which was often adopted in the church.A. Baroque B. Gothic C. Byzantine D. Rococo19. One of the most striking manifestations of the supremacy of the Norman conquerors of England was to be seen in the_.A. langua