Football 北京体育大学.ppt

AmericanFOOTBALL,NFLCFL,Contents,DefinitionIntroductionCupsHistoryHowandwhy?ThefieldGeneraltermsPlayerpositionsIdiomsRandyPauschs“LastLecture”Discussion,Definition,Nounagameplayedbytwoteamsof11playersonarectangularfield100yardslong;teamstrytogetpossessionoftheballandadvanceitacrosstheopponentsgoallineinaseriesof(runningorpassing)plays,Introduction(1),Americanfootball,knownintheUnitedStatessimplyasfootballandoftenasgridironortacklefootballoutsidetheUnitedStates,isacompetitiveteamsportknownforcombiningstrategywithphysicalplay.Theobjectiveofthegameistoscorepointsbyadvancingtheballintotheopposingteamsendzone.Theballcanbeadvancedbycarryingit(arunningplay)orbythrowingittoateammate(apassingplay).Pointscanbescoredinavarietyofways,includingcarryingtheballovertheopponentsgoalline,catchingapassthrownoverthatgoalline,kickingtheballthroughthegoalpostsattheopponentsendzone,ortacklinganopposingballcarrierwithinhisendzone.,Introduction(2),IntheUnitedStates,themajorformsarehighschoolfootball,collegefootballandprofessionalfootball,whichareessentiallysimilarbutfeatureslightlydifferentrules.ThemajorleagueforprofessionalfootballistheNationalFootballLeague.ThesportisalsoplayedoutsidetheUnitedStates.NationalprofessionalandcollegiateleaguesexistinUnitedKingdom,Germany,Italy,Switzerland,Finland,Sweden,Japan,Mexico,Israel,Spain,Austria,andseveralPacificIslandnations.,SuperbowlGreyCup,History(1),ThehistoryofAmericanfootballcanbetracedtoearlyversionsofrugbyfootballandassociationfootball,playedintheUnitedKingdominthemid-19thcentury,inwhichaballiskickedatagoaland/orrunoveraline.ManygamesknownasfootballwerebeingplayedatcollegesanduniversitiesintheUnitedStatesinthefirsthalfofthe19thcentury.,History(2),Americanfootballresultedfromseveralmajordivergencesfromrugbyfootball,mostnotablytherulechangesinstitutedbyWalterCamp,consideredtheFatherofAmericanFootball.Amongtheseimportantchangesweretheintroductionofthelineofscrimmageandofdown-and-distancerules.Inthelate19thandearly20thcenturies,gameplaydevelopmentsbycollegecoachessuchasEddieCochems,AmosAlonzoStagg,KnuteRockne,andGlennPopWarnerhelpedtakeadvantageofthenewlyintroducedforwardpass.,History(3),Theoriginofprofessionalfootballcanbetracedbackto1892,withWilliamPudgeHeffelfingers$500contracttoplayinagamefortheAlleghenyAthleticAssociationagainstthePittsburghAthleticClub.ThefirstProfessionalleaguewastheOhioLeague,formedin1903,andthefirstProfessionalFootballchampionshipgamewasbetweentheBuffaloProspectsandtheCantonBulldogsin1919.In1920,theAmericanProfessionalFootballAssociationwasformed.ThefirstgamewasplayedinDayton,OhioonOctober3,1920withthehostTrianglesdefeatingtheColumbusPanhandles140.,History(4),TheleaguechangeditsnametotheNationalFootballLeague(NFL)twoyearslater,andeventuallybecamethemajorleagueofAmericanfootball.InitiallyasportofMidwesternindustrialtownsintheUnitedStates,professionalfootballeventuallybecameanationalphenomenon.Footballsincreasingpopularityisusuallytracedtothe1958NFLChampionshipGame,acontestthathasbeendubbedtheGreatestGameEverPlayed.ArivalleaguetotheNFL,theAmericanFootballLeague(AFL),beganplayin1960;thepressureitputontheseniorleagueledtoamergerbetweenthetwoleaguesandthecreationoftheSuperBowl,whichhasbecomethemostwatchedtelevisioneventintheUnitedStates.,Howhero,protagonist1stdowncreated(1882),3.Whatdoesthe1872painting“AmericanProgress”depict?Howdoesitrelatetofootball?HowdoesfootballmirrorAmericansociety?AmericandestinyasgivenbyGodtomarchacrossthecontinentacquisitionofterritory;capture,hold,defendit,TheField,“gridiron”,2uprightsgoalpost,Generalterms,kickoffhuddlesnaplineofscrimmagedowns(i.e.1stand10)tackle,fumbleincompleteInterceptionturnoverpenaltyflag“HailMary”,PlayerPositions,Offensive:-quarterback(QB),centre-runningback,tightend,widereceivers-fullback,offensivetackles,guardsDefensive:-linebackers,defensivetackles,defensiveends,weak/strongsidesafety,cornerbacks,PlayerPositions,Specialists:-punter,kicker,holder,long/shortsnappers,Scoring,touchdown=6points-extrapointconversion=1point-two-pointconversion=2pointsfieldgoal=3pointssafety=2points,Idioms,kick-offtostartquarterbacksomethingtodirectaprojectholdthelinestayandnotmovetouchdowntoachieveorwinsthfirstdown(and10togo)accomplishedanobjectiveonthewaytoagoal,“ImmaculateReception”,Itwasaplaysoimprobableitbecameknownasthe“immaculatereception”.Andlikethemiraclethenameevokes,itsaneventstillshroudedbymystery.,Intheclosingminutesofthe1972AFCdivisionalplayoffgamebetweentheOaklandRaidersandthePittsburghSteelers,Oaklandscoredatouchdowntotakea7-6lead,thenpinnedPittsburghdeepintheirownterritoryasthefinalsecondsofthegametickeddown.,Facedwitha4thand10fromhisown40,SteelersquarterbackTerryBradshawfadedbackfromscrimmageintendingtohitBarryPearsonwithashortpassoverthemiddlewhilefullbackFrancoHarrisremainedinthebackfieldtoblock.ButOaklandsswarmingdefensequicklysentthoseplansawry.,ScramblingunderheavypressureBradshawfiredadesperationpassto(John)“Frenchy”Fuquaacrossmidfield.JackFlemingwasthevoiceoftheSteelers:.,JustasFuquareachedoutforthepass,OaklandsafetysJackTatumslammedhimhard,sohardthattheballricochetedoffbothplayersandbackintothearmsofchargingFrancoHarris.,ButdidTatumreallycatchtheball?AnddidHarrisreallytouchtheballbeforeittouchedtheground?TheoutcomeofthegamebecameinlimboforseveralminuteswhilerefereeFredSwearingenandchiefofficialsArtMcNallyconferred.BothmenultimatelyconcludedthatFuquaandTatumhadindeedtouchedtheballsimultaneously.,Despitethecontroversy,fanscanbecertainofonething:FrancoHarrisreception,immaculateornot,markedthebeginningofastoriedrivalryastheSteelersandRaiderswentontowinacombined6leaguechampionshipsinthenext10yearsand6ofthenext10Superbowls.,RandyPauschs“LastLecture”,WhatweretwolessonsRandylearnedfrom