中考英语专题复习专题一名词.ppt

专题一名词,一、名词的数可数名词都有单数和复数之分;不可数名词没有复数形式。1.可数名词。(1)规则的可数名词的复数变化规则:,(2)不规则的可数名词的变化规则:有些可数名词的复数形式没有规则,不能在其后加-s或-es。不规则复数形式主要有如下几种情况:变内部元音字母:manmenwomanwomentoothteethfootfeetmousemicegoosegeese,词尾加-(r)en:childchildrenoxoxen单复数同形:sheepdeerChineseJapaneseman,woman修饰复数名词,将man,woman和名词中心词都变为复数:awomandoctorwomendoctorsamanteachermenteachers,【易错提醒】fish表示鱼的种类时复数形式是fishes,表示条数而不强调种类时,单复数同形用fish。Therearemanykindsoffishesinthisriver.这条河中有很多不同种类的鱼。Icaughtfivefishtoday.我今天捉了5条鱼。有一些名词是成双、成对出现的,这些名词常用pair来修饰。apairofglasses一副眼镜apairoftrousers一条裤子apairofshoes一双鞋apairofgloves一副手套apairofpants一条裤子apairofshorts一条短裤,2.不可数名词。一般情况下可数名词没有复数形式,如果想表示数量时,我们可以用名词单位词来表示,常用的单位词有:piece,bit,bottle,cup,glass等。apieceofadvice一条建议abitofbread一点面包abottleofwater一瓶水acupofcoffee一杯咖啡aglassofmilk一杯牛奶,【即学活用】1.Wouldyoulikesome_(tomato)fordinner?2.Weshoulddosomethingtostoppeoplefromkillinganimalsforfur,_(tooth)andmeat.3.Howmanyteachersarethereinyourschool?Ninety-eight,andfiftyamongthemare_(woman)teachers.4.Iboughtsomepencilsand_(knife)forthepupilsthismorning.5.Mybrotherhadsomebreadandtwo_(bag)of_(milk)forbreakfastthismorning.答案:1.tomatoes2.teeth3.women4.knives5.bags;milk,二、名词的所有格1.s所有格。,2.of所有格。of所有格一般用于表示无生命的东西的名词中。amapoftheworld一张世界地图thewindowsoftheroom房间的窗户表示有生命的东西,有时也可以用of所有格。thechildrenofthatfamily那家的孩子们,3.双重所有格。s所有格和of所有格两种所有格形式结合在一起,构成了双重所有格。agoodfriendofmine我的一个好朋友afriendofHenrys亨利的一个朋友,【易错提醒】不定冠词、数词、某些不定代词(some,any,many,no,few等)以及which等限定词,一般不与形容词性物主代词或s所有格等一起放在名词前修饰名词,而采用of所有格或双重所有格形式。Ihavereadsomebooksofhis.我读过他的一些书。WhichbookofQiongYaoshaveyouread?你读过琼瑶的哪一本书?,【巧学妙记】名词所有格的用法名词所有格,意思表示“的”,一般要把s加,复数词尾有s,只加“”就可以,名词若为物无生命,常把of所有格来应用,一物若被两者所共有,只在最后一个加“s”,时间、地点和距离,所有格也可用s。,【即学活用】1.Ilivenearthestation.Itsonlyaboutten_(minute)walk.2.MissBlackisafriend_mymothers.Sheoftenlooksaftermysister.3.InChina,wecelebrate_(teacher)DayonSeptember10.4.Theroomis_(Lucy)and_(Lily).Itissmallbuttidyandnice.5.PPBearisoneof_(child)favoritetoys.答案:1.minutes2.of3.Teachers4.Lucy;Lilys5.childrens,三、名词的功能1.作主语。MyfatherteachesthemEnglish.我爸爸教他们英语。,【易错提醒】特殊名词,如表示度量、时间、距离、金额等复数名词作主语时,谓语动词往往用单数。Twohoursisenoughformetofinishthework.对我来说完成这项工作两个小时足够了。,2.作定语。TherearemanybananatreesinHainan.海南有许多香蕉树。,【易错提醒】名词作定语时,一般用单数形式。ashoefactorytomatoandeggnoodles有些名词需要用复数形式作定语。aclothesshopasportsmeet,【即学活用】1.Threeyears_passedsinceIcametothiscity.2.Itsharvesttime,theapplesonthe_(apple)treesarebigandrednow.3.Thenumberofthedoctorsinthehospitalisabout200andtwothirdsare_(man)doctors.4.Wherearethe_(boy)students?Theyareplayingfootballagainstateamfromanotherschool.5.Thereisa_(stone)houseonthetopofthehill.答案:1.has2.apple3.men4.boy5.stone,四、名词构词法派生法,【即学活用】1.Mysisterisanice_(dance).Shedanceswell.2.The_(music)haswrittenmanygoodpiecesofmusicforpeople.Wealllovehissongs.3.Thankyousomuchforyour_(kind).Icandoitbymyself.4.Mybrotherworksinabigcompanyandhiso