人教版高二英语必修5 Unit 1 reading课件.ppt

,课标人教实验版高二Module5Unit1,Reading,WarmingUp,Therearesomegreatscientificachievementsthathavechangedtheworld.Canyounamesomeofthem?Whatkindofroledotheyplayinthefieldofscience?Dotheseachievementshaveanythingincommon?Matchtheinventionswiththeirinventorsbelowbeforeyouanswerallthesequestions.,AlexanderBellelectricityThomasEdisontheFirsttelephoneLaiteBrotherstheelectricLampMadameCurieblackholesinUniverseFranklinTheoryofGravityStevenHawkingtheFirstPlaneElbertEinsteinRadiumIsaacNewtontheTheoryofRelativity,QuizQuestions(P1)1.Archimedes,AncientGreek(287-212BC),amathematician.Hefoundthatifyouputanobjectintowaterthewaterpushestheobjectup.Itrisesandpartlyfloats.Theforceofthewaterpushingitupisthesameastheweightoftheobject.,阿基米德(Archimedes),2.CharlesDarwin,Britain(1808-1882)TheOriginofSpecieswaspublishedin1859.Itexplainedhowplantsandanimalshadchangedovertimetofitinwithachangingenvironment.Atthetimeitwaspublisheditwasverycontroversial.ManypeoplebelievedtheBiblewhenitsaidthatGodmadethefirsttwopeople(AdamandEve)andthatallotherpeoplecamefromthesetwo.,CharlesDarwin,Darwinsbookshowedthatpeoplehaddevelopedfromapesinstead.Sothiscausedalotofargumentbetweenreligiousandscientificpeople.HoweverDarwinsideabecameveryinfluentialandisstillacceptedtoday.,3.ThomasNewcomen,British(1663-1729)HeimprovedthefirststeampumpbuiltbyThomasSaveryin1698andturneditintoasteamenginefortakingwateroutofminesin1712.JamesWattimproveditstillfurtherinthe1770sturningitintothefirstmodernsteamengineusedontherailways.,4.GregorMendel,Czech(1822-1884)Hegrewpeaplantsanddevelopedideasonheredity(遗传学)andinherited(继承,承传)characteristics.Heconcentrated(集中精力)oncross-fertilizing(施肥)peaplantsandanalyzingtheresults.Between1856-1863hegrew28,000peaplants.,GregorMendel,Heexaminedsevenkindsofseedandplantcharacteristicsanddevelopedsomelawsofinheritance(承传的规则).Thefirstisthatinheritancefactorsdonotcombinebutarepassedtothenextgenerationintact(完整的).Second,hefoundthateachpartnergiveshalftheinheritedfactorstotheyoung.,Third,someofthesefactorsshowupintheoffspring(子孙)(andsoaredominant显性的).Theotherfactorsaremaskedbythedominantones(andsoarerecessive隐性的).,5.MarieCurie,PolishandFrench(1867-1934)ShewasborninPolandandcametostudyinFrancein1891andshelivedtherefortherestofherlife.In1898shediscoveredradium.ShereceivedtwoNobelprizes,one(withPierreCurie)forphysics(1903)andoneforchemistry(1911).,MarieCurie,Sheistheonlypersontohavebeensohonored.OnthedeathofherhusbandshetookoverhisjobattheSorbonneinParis.Herworkonradioactivityandthediscoveryofradiummeantthatshebegananewscientificareaofresearch.,ShewasthefirstwomantoreceiveaNobelPrizeandthefirstwomantoteachattheSorbonne(索邦神学院:巴黎大学前身).,6.ThomasEdison,American(1847-1931)Hewasalreadyaninventorofotherelectricaldevices(phonograph电唱机,electriclightbulb)whenin1882hedesignedasystemforprovidingNewYorkwithelectricityfromacentralpowerstation.Thiswasatremendousachievement,whichhadpreviouslybeenthoughtimpossible.,ThomasEdison,7.LeonardodaVinci,Italian(1452-1519)Hewasafamousartistwhoseskillforshowinghumanskintonesmadehispaintingsseemtocomealive.Heusedtostudydeadpeopleinordertomakehispaintingsasaccurateaspossible.,LeonardodaVinci,SomeofhisfamouspaintingsincludeTheAdorationoftheMagiandtheTheLastSupper.LaterinhislifehelivedinFrancewherehedesignedasubmarineandaflyingmachine.,8.SirHumphryDavy,British(1778-1829)Hedidresearchintodifferentgasesanddiscoveredthemedicinalvalueofnitrous(麻醉)oxide(氧化物)(orlaughinggas)asananaesthetic(麻醉剂).In1815hedevelopedasafetylampforminers.,HumphryDavy,Previouslytherehadbeenmanyaccidentswhencandlesontheminershelmetshadexplodedwhenitcameintocontactwithundergroundgasfromthecoaltheminersweredigging.Thesafetyhelmetmadeworkingundergroundverymuchsafer.,9.ZhangHeng,Chinese(78-139)Heinventedthefirstseismograph(测震仪、地震仪)toindicateinthedirectionofanearthquake.Itwasintheshapeofacylinder(圆筒形)witheightdragonheadsroundthetop,eachwithaballinitsmouth.,张衡,地动仪,Aroundthebottomwereeightfrogsdirectlyunderadragonshead.Whenanearthquakeoccurred,aballfelloutofthedragonsmouth,makinganoise.,10.StephenHawking,British(1942-)Hehasworkedinastronomyandstudiedblackholesinspace.Hehasshownthatblackholesdonotonlyabsorbeverythingaroundthembut,fromtimetotime,throwoutmatteraswell.,StephenHawking,Thismaymarkthebeginningofnewgalaxies.Thisisanadvanceontheoldtheorywhichsaidthatblackholeseat”everythingtheycomeacross.,Leadingin,Supplythefollowingwordswithdetail.JohnSnowCholera,JohnSnow,(1813-1858),JohnSnowwasborninYorkonMarch15th,1813,theoldestofninechildren.,York,London,Hisfatherworkedasalaborer.Whilepoor,hisparentsweredeterminedtogivetheirchildrenwhatevereducationalopportunitiestheycouldafford.Hewaseducatedataprivateschoolinhisnativecityuntiltheageoffourteen,whenhewasapprenticed(当学徒)toWilliamHardcastle,asurgeon(外科医生)livingatNewcastle-on-Tyne.,Afterservingforashorttimeasasurgeonandunqualifiedassistantduringthecholeraepidemicof1831-1982,hebecameinOctober1836astudentattheHunterianSchoolofmedicineinGreatWindmillStreet,London.HebegantoattendthemedicalpracticeattheWestminsterHospitalinthefollowingOctober.,HegraduatedM.D.oftheUniversityofLondonon20Dec.1844,andin1850hewasadmittedalicentiateoftheRoyalCollegeofPhysicians.,Hedesignedachloroforminhaler(氯仿吸入器),describedinhisbook,OnChloroformandotherAnesthetics,publishedin1858.,Dr.Snowwasalsoaprominentanesthesiologist(麻醉师),Whatelsewashefamousfor?,WhatisCholera?,CholeraistheillnesscausedbyabacteriumcalledVibriacholerae.Itinfectspeoplesintestines(肠),causingdiarrhea(腹泻),vomitingandlegcramps.,Themostcommoncauseofcholeraisbysomeoneeatingfoodordrinkingwaterthathasbeencontaminatedwiththebacteria.,Afteradisaster,thisisaveryrealdanger,sinceregular,cleanwaterandfoodsuppliesareoftenunavailable.Thediseasecanbespreadevenfurtherbyinfectedpeopleusingalreadydirtywatersourcestocleanthemselvesordisposeofwaste.,Choleracanbemildorevenwithoutsymptoms,aseverecasecanleadtodeathwithoutimmediatetreatment.Thediarrheaandvomitingbroughtonbytheinfectionquicklyleavesthebodywithoutenoughfluid.Thefollowingdehydration(脱水)andshockcankillapersonwithinhours.,Lookatthepicture,thetitleandthemap,guesswhatisthecontentofthetext?Thenskimitquicklytoseeifyouwereright.,Whenwewanttosolvesomeproblem.Firstweshouldfindtheproblem,dosomeresearchonit,proveyourfinding,andthenmakeaconclusion.Thisisascientificandobjectivewayofresearching.,1.Whatorderwouldyouputthesevenin?,Pre-reading,Infectiousdiseasescanbespreadtootherpeople.Theyhaveanunknowncauseandneedpublichealthcaretosolvethem.,2.Whatdoyouknowaboutinfectiousdiseases?,Repel(回避)maybeexposedtoaninfectiousdiseases,somayanimals,suchasbirdflu.AIDS,SARSareinfectiousdiseases.Infectiousdiseasesaredifficulttocure.,CholeraistheillnesscausedbyabacteriumcalledVariancholera.Ifinfectspeoplesintestines(肠胃),causingdiarrhea,vomitingandlegcramps(腹痛).,3.Whatdoyouknowaboutcholera?,Themostcommoncauseofcholeraisbysomeoneeatingfoodordrinkingwaterthathasbeencontaminated(污染)withthebacteria.,Choleracanbemild(不严重的)orevenwithoutsymptoms(症状),butaseverecasecanleadtodeathwithoutimmediatelytreatment.,Firstweshouldfindtheproblem.Then,thinkofamethod.Weshouldcollectasmuchinformationaspossible.,4.Doyouknowhowtoproveanewideainscientificresearch?,Analyzingresultsisthemostimportantstage.Beforewemakeaconclusion,itisnecessaryforustorepeatsomestagesorprocesses.,Germany,GreatBritain,DeathoffirstcholeracaseinLondonduringthe1848-49epidemic,London,PreviouscholeraepidemicinGreatBritainin1831-32,Thespreadofcholera,“Ifoundthatnearlyallthedeathshadtakenplacewithinashortdistanceofthepump.”,Snowoncholera,Snowsuspectedcontaminationofpumpwater.,Small,white,flocculentparticles,Findaproblem,The_ofcholera,causes,Comprehending,Theorytwo:Whenpeople_choleraintotheirbodieswithmeals,theirbodieswereattackedandsoontheydied.,Theoryone:Cholera_intheairanddangerousgasfloatedarounduntilitfounditsvictims.,Makeupaquestion,multiplied,absorbed,Thinkofamethod,To_thesecondtheorywascorrect.,prove,Collectresults,Someinformationwas_onhowmanypeoplediedandwheretheygotwater.,Analyseresults,_thewatertoseeifthatisthecauseoftheillness.,gathered,Analyse,Repeatifnecessary,Withextra_,itwasannounceddefinitelythat_watercarriedcholera.,Makeaconclusion,Pollutedwaterspreadcholera.“KingCholera”was_.,evidence,polluted,defeated,MakeaconclusionThinkofamethodCollectresultsMakeupaquestionFindaproblemAnalysetheresultsRepeatifnecessary,Readthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestanswers.1.Whatsthepurposeofthetext?A.Toshowushowdifficultitwastofindacureforcholera.B.TotellushowJohnSnowfoundthecauseofcholeraandthecureforit.C.Toshowushowdifficultitwastocarryoutexperimentsatthattime.D.Totellusthewaycholeraspreadandhowseriousitwas.,B,2.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetext?A.JohnSnowbecamefamousaftercholerahitEnglandinthe19thcentury.B.JohnSnowbegantocollectinformationlongbeforecholerahitEnglandinthe19thcentury.C.ThemotherandherdaughtermentionedinthetextbothlivedinBroadStreet.D.JohnSnowfeltunsureaboutthecauseofcholeraafterhefinishedthemap.,D,3.Whywascholeracalled“KingCholera”inthetext?A.Becausecholeracausedmanydeaths.B.BecauseitgotitsnamefromQueenVictoria.C.Becausecholerawasthemostdeadlydiseaseofitsday.D.Becauseitwasdefeatedwiththehelpoftheking.,C,Whatshouldyoudoifyouretravellingtoacountrythathasacholeraoutbreak?,Drinkonlywaterthatyouhaveboiledortreatedwithchlorineoriodine.Othersafedrinksincludeteaorcoffeemadewit