课件 英语基本概念梳理.ppt

英语基本概念梳理,2004-8-19,词法学习1。动词（1）行为动词Istayedathomeanddidsomework.我呆在家里做些事。Ivejusthadacoffee,thanks.谢谢，我刚刚用过咖啡。,Ithasnotyetbeenannouncedwhowilljudgethecase.谁来判这个案子还没有宣布。Idontknowhowtodressright.我不知道怎样穿着得体。,Dontexpectmoneytobuyyouhappiness.别指望拿金钱去买快乐。Hewaskilleddoinghisduty.他以身殉职。,Organizationshopetoimprovethepublicsenvironmentalawareness.,Cancerstrikesineverycountryintheworld.,癌症袭击全球各国。,.,组织者希望提高公众的环境意识。,（2）持续动词,Shakespearelivedfrom1564to1616.,Wewatchedthetrainuntilitdisappearedinthedistance.,莎士比亚生于1564年，死于1616年。,我们注视着火车直到它在远处消失。,Sheworeanewdressfortheceremony.,她为参加庆典穿了一身新装。,Ihopeitdoesntraintomorrow.,我希望明天不要下雨。,Hecameroundearlierbutheonlystayedforafewminutes.,他来得比较早可是只呆了几分钟。,Ireadaboutitinthismorningsnewspaper.,我是在今天的早报上读到这个消息的。,（3）及物动词,Shespreadaclothoverthetable.,她铺了一张桌布。,Ilethimhavemywatchforhiscamera.,我让他的相机和我的手表交换了一下。,Itpuzzledmewhysheagreedtocomewhensheissobusy.,我奇怪她既然那么忙为什么同意来。,Ifyouknowtheanswerraiseyourhand.,如果知道答案就举手。,Thedoctortoldmetogetmoresleep.,医生告诉我要多睡眠。,（4）不及物动词,Waitoutsidethedooruntilyouareaskedtogetin.,在外面等着，叫你进来，你再进来。,Itpouredwithrainthroughoutthenight.,整夜大雨瓢泼。,Thesunriseswhenitappearsabovethehorizon.,太阳从地平线上升起。,Bombswerefallingonthecityallnight.,整夜向这座城市投弹。,Youcantexpectthemoneytoappearfromnowhere.,不能要来路不明的钱。,Icouldseepeoplemovingtoandforinthesquare.,我看到人们在广场上来来往往。,Werehopingforgoodweather,ofcourse.,我们当然希望好天气。,Sheoftenwishedforaquieterlife.,她总是希望过上安静一点的生活。,（5）及物与不及物动词,ThechildrengreatlydesiretocometoBeijing.,孩子们最大的愿望是来北京。,Hepromised(me)nottointerfere.,他答应不予干扰。,Writemewhentimepermits.,时间允许的话写封信来。,（6）反身动词,Theydressedthemselveslikethevillagers.,他们打扮成村民。,Thelittlegirlhidherselfinthebigbox.,小姑娘把自己藏在大箱子里。,Youmayhelpyourselftothebooksontheshelf.,书在架子上，你自己拿。,（7）系动词,Hewentachildbutreturnedanoldman.,他走时还是孩童，归时已是老人。,Whatyousaidsoundsallright.,你说的听上去还不错。,Theproblemseemsquitesimple.,这个问题似乎挺简单。,Theplanprovedpracticable.,这个计划证明可行。,Dontmarrytooyoung.,结婚不要太早。,MrWangLuobinsstoryhaslongremainedamystery.,王洛宾的故事很久以来是个谜。,（8）表感觉知觉动词,Icouldsmellhehadbeensmoking.,我能闻出他抽烟。,Mylegachedafterlongtrip.,走长路后我的腿疼。,Imsorry;IhopeIdidnthurtyou.?,对不起，我没有伤害你吧？,（9）表心理动词,Itisunderstoodthatyouwillcome.,相信你会来的。,Icanimaginethesceneclearlyinmymind.,我可以清楚地想象出这一景象。,Idontthinkheisright.,我认为他不对。,Youcantbelievehowbadlyhedrives.,你无法相信他开车技术有多糟。,Isupposeweoughttowaittillshearrives.,我想我们应该等她来。,（10）表关系动词,Sheownsacarbutrarelydrivesit.,她有一辆轿车但很少开。,Hasthisprojectbeencost?,这项工程估价了吗？,Whodoesthehousebelongto?,这房子属于谁？,Hecouldntprovethatthecrimeisrelatedtoher.,Sheoftenreferredtoyouintheletters.,她常在信中提起你。,他不能证明罪行与她有关。,（11）表情感动词,Wedloveyoutocometodinner.,我们很愿意你来吃饭。,Hecaredforherdeeply.,他深深地爱着她。,Idetesthimcomplaining.,我极讨厌他发牢骚。,Idislikehisdoingit.,我不喜欢他做这事。,Myhusbandhatesgoingshopping.,我丈夫讨厌逛商场。,Sheisasweetwomen,whoaskedfornothingbuttoloveandcherishherhusband.,她是一个温柔的女人，除了疼爱丈夫别无所求。,（12）短语动词,Icameacrossaninterestingarticleinamagazine.,我在一本杂志上偶尔看到一篇有趣的文章。,Welllookintothematterthoroughly.,我们要彻底调查这件事。,Theprizeis500dollars,whichworksouttoabout4,000yuan.奖品是500美元，折合人民币约为4000元。Myrentwaspaidforsixmonthsinadvance.我预付出了六个月的房租。,Thetricksweremeanttobeseenonlyonce.,这种把戏只能玩一次。,Thereareonlyfourtochoosefrom.,只有四种选择。,Hefinallycaughtasightofthevillage.,他终于看到了村庄,Wearetakingproperadvantageofouropportunity.,我们在适当地利用机会。,Illbeabsentfromworktomorrow.,我明天不上班。,Ikeptupwithmanyofmyoldclassmates.,我和老同学保持着联系。,2动词时态,Trafficaccidentsusuallyhappenwhenpeoplearenotcarefulenough.,人们不够注意往往造成交通事故。,Hedisappearedfromourlives43yearsago.,他43年前就不知去向。,Donteatsomanysweets,oryourteethwillgetworse.,不要吃很多甜食，那样牙齿会坏。,Shesaidshewouldbuyabetterhouseforherparents,她说她要给父母买一套好点的住房。,Ivecomeonlyforafewmoments.,我已到了一会儿。,Theywillhavereceivedmyemailnow.,他们此时会收到我的email。,Itwasrainingheavilythen.,那时正下着大雨。,Itwasrainingheavilythen.那时正下着大雨。Iwonderwhatyouaredoingnow.我想知道你在干什么。,Childrenwillbetakingtheirholidayssoon.,孩子们很快要放假。,Katetoldmethatherhusbandwouldbecomingnextday.,卡特对我说她丈夫第二天要来。,11.Whathaveyoubeendoingallthistime?你一直在干什么？,12.Tomdiedlastnight,hehadbeenagoodfriendofmine.,别着急，他会很快把所有这一切忘记的。,13.Dontworry,hewillhaveforgottenallaboutitsoon.别着急，他会很快把所有这一切忘记的。14.Hetoldusthatthepartywouldhavearrivedbytwooclock.他告诉我这一行人两点钟以前到达。,15.Ishallhavebeenworkinginthecompanyfor4yearsbytheendofthisyear.到今年底我在本公司已经工作四年。16.Isupposethattheplaywouldhavebeenrunningbythen.我想那部话剧到时会上演。,3动词语态,Smokingisforbiddenhere.,这里禁止吸烟。,Driverswerewarnednottobreaktherules.,警告司机不要违规。,Wehopethatanagreementwillbearrivedat.,我们希望能达成协议。,Theexperimenthasbeenplannedsince1994.,自1994年就计划了这个实验。,Shelookedatthebooksthathadbeenplacedontheshelf.,她看了看已经放在架子上的书。,Hesaidthebookwouldhavebeenpublishedbytheendofthismonth.,他说这本书将在年底出版。,Whenwecalled,theteawasbeingserved.,我们到的时候，正值上茶之际。,Thesickgirlisbeingtakengoodcareof.,这个病女孩在受到很好地看护。,Wastethingsmustntbethrownawayeverywhere.废物不能到处乱扔。Itcouldbeseenthathewasexcited.看得出来他很激动。,4助动词,Donottouchtheexhibits.,不要触动展览品。,Haveyougottheticketsfortrain?,你拿到火车票了吗？,Eachcitizenshallcarryhisidentificationcardwhentraveling.每个公民出行都要带身份证。HowcanIgettothezoo?怎样去动物园？,Beijingerswillshowyouthewaytothestation.北京人会指给你去车站的路。Wouldyoutellmeyournewaddress?告诉我你的地址好吗？,5情态动词,BeijingcanbeveryhotinJuly.,七月的北京很热。,Youmayphonetheoffice.,你可以给办公室打电话。,Youmighttellmethetruth.,你要跟我说实话。,Passengersmustnotwalkacrosstheconstruction.,乘客不可跨越工地。,Oilwillfloatonwater.,油会浮在水面上。,Hewouldgoinspiteofmywarning.,他不听我的警告还是要去。,Ifyouworkwell,youshallhavehighwage.,假如你干得好，你就会拿高工资。,Darehetellmewhatheknows?,他敢于告诉我他知道的事情吗？,Itneedsnoexplanation.,不必解释。,Youdbetterbeontime.,你最好准时。,11.Westudentsoughttoobeytherules.,我们学生应该遵守规定。,12.Myhusbandusedtodrinkbeer.,我丈夫从前常常喝啤酒。,6虚拟语气,IfIwereyou,Iwouldgothere.,如果我是你，我就到那去。,IfonlyIhadtakenyouradvice.,要是我当初听从你的劝导就好了。,Butforthestorm,weshouldhavearrivedearlier.,如果不是暴风雨，我们本该早点到达。,IwishIhadbeenmorecarefulnexttime.,愿下一但次我会仔细些。,ItsnecessarythatJohntaketheexamfirst.,约翰有必要先参加考试,Itsapitythatshemissthechance.,很遗憾她错过了这次机会。,Anyoneinhispositionwouldhavedonethesame.,任何在他的位置上的人都同样会做的。,Theguardinsistedthateveryoneshowtheirpassports.,卫士坚持每人出示自己的护照。,7非谓语动词不定式,Ifeelitmydutytohelpothers.,帮助他人是我的职责。,Hefoundthedoorlocked.,他发现门锁住了。,Toescapethepulloftheearth,arocketmustreachaspeedof28440km/h.,火箭需达到每小时28440公里的速度才可脱离地球引力。,Wheretogohasntbeendecided.,到哪里去还没有定下来。,Letsgetapieceofmusictolistento.,我们来听一首曲子吧。,Comehaveaglass.,来喝一杯吧。,DontcometillItellyouto.,我不通知你，你不要来。,Whynotdoitagain?,为什么不再做一遍呢？,Tobebrief,thematterstandsthus.,简而言之，事情就是这样。,Iremembertolockthedoor.,记得要锁门啊。,动名词,Sayingiseasierthandoing.,说比做要来得容易些。,Stoplitteringwhenwalkinginthestreet.,在街上走路不要扔纸屑。,Afterhearingthegoodnews,allpeoplewerecheerful.,听到这个好消息，人们欢呼雀跃。,Nevergiveuptryingagain.,决不要放弃再试一次。,Iveenjoyedtalkingtoyouaboutit.,我很高兴和你谈论这个事情。,Mymotherisnotinfavorofmysellingthepiano.,母亲不赞成我卖钢琴。,现在分词,Myfathersstoryisveryinteresting.,我父亲的经历很有意思。,MrChangisanhonestandunderstandingman.,张先生是一位既老实又出色的人。,Heisacollegestudent,studyingChinalaw.,他是一个学习中国法律的大学生。,Herbloodpressureclimbedsharply,reaching190/100.,她的血压陡然升高达190/100。,Whenusingthemachine,youmustreadtheinstuctionfirst.,使用机器前先要看说明书。,Beingsurrounded,hewasnotabletogetoutofthecrowd.,他因为被包围无法脱出人群。,Theboilingwateristoohottodrink.,滚开的水太烫没法喝。,过去分词,Sheisanadoptedchild.,她是一个被收养的儿童。,Dontgetveryexhaustedwhenyoudoexercises.,操练时不要太劳累。,Thequestionmentionedagainisveryimportant.,重又提出的问题很重要。,Timespentinabookshopcanbemostenjoyable.,在书店度过时光最有乐趣。,Hecameinunnoticed.,从这个角度看，事情就没那么严重了。,没有人注意到他进来。,Seeninthislight,thematterisnotsoserious.,Idontliketoseeyoudisappointed.,我不喜欢看到你沮丧的样子。,Thisdone,helefttheoffice.,做完后，他离开了办公室。,Onegetsusedtoallthings.,人总是随遇而安。,Youdbetterdrinktheboiledwater.,你最好饮用凉白开水。,8名词,YoullfindthismapofgreatvalueinhelpingyoutogetroundLondon.,你会觉得这张地图助你游览伦敦大有用途。,Illlookintothematterassoonaspossible.Justhavealittlepatience.我要尽快调查此事。只是要有耐心。,Hegainedhiswealthbyprintingworksoffamouswriters.,他出版著名作家的作品发了财。,Thecoffeecupwasbroken.,这个咖啡杯子打碎了。,9数词,Shebecameafamousscientistinherthirties.,她三十多岁就成为一个著名科学家。,Shortlyaftertheaccident,twodozensofpoliceweresenttothespottokeeporder.,事故发生不久，有二十四名警察被派往现场维持秩序。,Theearthis49timesthesizeofthemoon.,地球是月亮的49倍大。,Hewroteatwo-thousand-wordarticletheotherday.,前几天他写了一篇两千字的文章。,10代词Everyonesaidtheywouldhelp.大家都说要帮忙。-CanyoucomeonSundayorSaturday?-Imafraidneitherdayispossible.你是周日还是周六来呢?恐怕哪一天也来不了。,Dr.BlackcomesfromeitherOxfordorCambridge,Icantrememberwhich.布莱克先生不是来自牛津大学就是来自剑桥大学，我记不得是哪一所大学了。Ihopethereareenoughglassesforeachguesttohaveone.我希望有足够的眼镜为每一个客人准备一副。,11冠词Manypeoplearestillinthehabitofwritingsillythingsinpublicplaces.许多人仍旧习惯在公共场合乱写乱画。Wouldntitbeawonderfulworldifallnationslivedinpeacewithoneanother?假如各国彼此和平相处，那不是很美好的世界吗？,12介词、介词短语,Thetrainleavesat6:00pm.SoIhavetobeatthestationby5:40.atthelatest.,火车下午六点开车。所以我必须最晚5点40分之前赶到车站。,Ifyoukeepon,youllsucceedintime.,如果你坚持下去，迟早会成功的。,Wecongratulatehimonhavinganewjob.,我们祝贺他找到了新工作。,Thediameterofacirclepassesthroughthecentre.,圆的直径通过圆心。,Onaccountoftheweather,wehadtocanceltheprojectedouting.,由于天气的原因我们只好取消了计划好的郊游活动。,Onhisdoctorsadvice,hetookamonthholiday.他听从医生的劝告休假一个月。,Theyrobbedhimofeverypennyhehad.他被偷得分文全无。,Hespoketousofhisexperienceintheair-raidonLondon.他给我们讲述了在伦敦空袭的经过。,13连词,Neitherbooksnorpensnorapieceofpaperwasfoundonhisdesk.,他的桌上没有书，没有笔，就连一张纸片都没有。,Wouldyoulikeacupofteafirstorshallwegetdowntobusinessrightnow?,我们是先喝杯茶呢还是现在就着手谈生意？,Smokingaddstothegenerallevelofairpollutionaswellasdamageourhealth.,吸烟增加空气污染的总体指标同时有害健康。,Incaseofemergency,telephonethisnumber.,如果紧急，请拨打这个电话号码。,14形容词,Amansodifficulttopleasemustbehardtoworkwith.,一个挺难取悦的人必定很难共事。,Weoftengotoaparknearbyonweekends.,我们周末经常去附近公园。,Wespentthelastfewsunnydaysthere.,我们在那度过最后几天晴朗的天。,Mygrandpaisaweaksmalloldman.,我祖父是个瘦弱老人。,Whathesaidsoundsreasonable.,他说的听上去有道理。,Thisisjustasimportantanexperimentasthat.,这个实验和那个实验一样重要。,Hethoughtitsafertodrivehimselfthanletmedo.,他觉得自己开车比让我开车安全些。,Ilikeapplesbestofallfruits.,所有水果中我最喜欢苹果。,Drawastraightlineonthepaper.,在纸上划一直线。,15副词,Anewcarisrathertoomuchforme.,对我来说买辆新车太贵了。,Docomestraighttothepoint.,开门见山。,Thishappenedearlyin1950.,这事发生在1950年初。,Ofthethreeboys,Davidrunsfastest.,三个男孩中，大卫跑得最快。,Theshirtfitsperfectly.,这件上衣很合体。,Thingsgraduallyimproved.,情况逐渐改善。,TheweatherwasratherworsethanIhadexpected.天气比我们预期的要糟。,Hislectureisinterestingenough.,他的讲座很有意思。,（9）Thinkfirst,thenact.先思后行。,16构词法（1）合成法,Mymotherisamiddle-agedteacher.,我母亲是一位中年教师。,Sino-Japanesetradehasbeenexpanding.,中日贸易一直在扩大。,Iwroteafive-pagesummaryofthesituation.,我写了五页形势总结。,Mr.Greenismybrother-in-law.,格林先生是我的堂兄。,TheZhongguanCunisnowaheartlandofscienceandtechnology.,中关村是科技的中心地带。,（2）派生法,Wemustntjudgebyappearance.(appear)我们不要以貌取人。Letmesaythisinconclusion.(conclude)让我这样说作为结束。Letmeknowthetimeofyourarrival.(arrive)请通知我你们到达的时间。Hewascarefulinperformanceofhisduty.(perform)他认真执行任务。,（3）转换法（前缀/后缀）转换法,Thatwasverythoughtlessofyou.你真是太不动脑子。Hishousewasverysmallanduntidy.他的房子又小又不整洁。,Shewantedtosavehersisterfromunhappiness.她想帮妹妹从不快中解脱出来。Thepathwasinvisible.小路看不见。Idislikechangemymind.我不愿改变主意。,（4）缩写和简写EntrytotheWTO(theWorldWorldTradeOrganization)willhelpChinaimproveitsdevelopmentofeconomy.中国加入世界贸易组织会推动经济发展。ShehastotaketestssuchasTOEFL(TestofEnglishasaForeignLanguage)andGRE(GraduateRecordExamination).她必须参加如托福和GRE的考试。,句法结构基本句型（1）主+谓+宾Shesmiledherthanks.她以微笑答谢。Everytradehasitsrules.各行各业都有行规。,（2）主+谓+宾+补Hewantedhermothertobeingoodhealth.他希望她的母亲健康。Weprovedherwrong.我们证实她错了。,（3）主+谓+宾+状+补Herhusbandmadeherhappy.她的丈夫使她感到幸福。Ifindhimtobeanhonestman.我认为他是一个诚实的人。,（4）主谓一致Thereareagreatmanyanglestothismatter.看事情有许多角度。Thereisnoenvironmentaldamage.环境没有被破坏。MaryandJanewenttothetheatrewithafriendoftheirs.玛丽和珍尼是和他们的一位朋友一起去戏院的。,(5)宾语的形式Ithinkitwrongtowastetheresource.我认为浪费资源是错误的。Ihatetroublingyou.我不愿给你添麻烦。Doyouknowhowtogetthere?你知道如何到达那里吗？,(6)主句与从句Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,whichcameasasurprise.爱丽斯受到老板的邀请，这使她感到惊讶。Fiveyearswentbybeforeheknew.他五年之后才知道这件事。,(7)独立片语Thisdone,hewateredtheflowersinthegarden.做完了这件事，他到花园浇花。Totellthetruth,Idontbelieveitatall.说实话，我根本就不相信。Thewavesbeatingviolentlyagainsttheshore,peoplecouldnothearhercryforhelp.由于大浪疯狂地拍打海岸，人们无法听到她的呼救声。,简单句（1）陈述句Littlebylittlehissavingsaccumulated.他一点一点地积攒。ThomasEdisonwasborninMilan,Ohio,onFebruary11,1847.托玛斯爱迪生1847年2月11日生于俄亥俄，米兰。,（2）疑问句Didyoudecidetohumorher?你决定对她迁就（让步）了吗？Hasshegotabigflat?她有了一套大房子了吗？Isthereanythingwrongwiththetruck?这辆卡车出什么毛病了？WhatcanIdoforyou?需要帮助吗？,Shallwehaveaswimwithyourfriends?我们和你的朋友一起游泳好吗？Nothingcanstopusnow,canit?没有什么能阻挡我们，是不是？Isyourfatheralawyeroradoctor?你的父亲律师还是医生？,（3）祈使句Takecareofyourbelongings.保管好你的随身用品。Pleasewriteatyourearlyconvenience.请早日写信。Dothingsthebestwayforthejob.工作要选择最佳方式。,Neverneglecttotakecareofyourhealth.千万不要忽略保重身体。Dontforgetthatcommunicationisatwo-waything.切记任何交流都是双向的。Keeptheenvironmentalsanitationinthescenicspot.维护景区内环境卫生。,（4）感叹句Whataprettybird!多么美丽的鸟啊！Lookout!Becarefulwhereyouputyourfeet.注意看脚下！Howwellyoulook!你看来多么健康！,复合句（1）定语从句Iknowsomefarmerswhosefamiliesarestillpoor.我了解有的农民的家仍然贫困。Thetimehascomewhenwemustsaygoodbye.到说再见的时候了。,IdliketohavethesametoyasJimusedtohave.我想要吉姆过去玩的一样的玩具。Youcancallmefromthreetofiveoclock,duringwhichtimeIamathome.你可以在三点到五点之间给我打电话，那段时间我在家。,Shirlyistheonlyoneofthegirlswholikesfootball.舍利是姑娘中唯一喜爱足球的。(6)ThefirstcityIvisitedwasLosAngeles.我第一次造访的城市是洛杉矶。,(7)ThefirstcityIvisitedwasLosAngeles.我第一次造访的城市是洛杉矶。(8)Idontknowthereasonforwhichherefusedus.我们不明白他为什么拒绝我们。,(9)Thechaironwhichyouaresittingisanewone.你坐的椅子是一把新的。(10)TherewereallkindsofthingsthatIwanted.我想要得东西应有尽有。,（11）Ilikethewayhesmiles.我喜欢他微笑的样子。（12）WhenbuyingChineseherbsandgold,checktheunitpriceandthewayinwhichtheweightiscalculated.购买中药和金饰时，请先查明单价和重量的计算单位。,（2）名词性从句主语从句Whathedoeshasnothingtodowithme.他做的事与我无关。Thathewasfondofmusicisclear.很明显他酷爱音乐。,Whetherhewillgotothecampremainsaquestion.他去不去露营还是个问题。Itisimportantthatwespeakpolitely.我们讲话有礼貌是很重要的。,表语从句Thevillageisnotwhatitusedtobe.这村庄已不再是从前的它了。Thefactisthatthefarmerstheredontplantapples.事实上那里的农民不种苹果。Thequestioniswhetherwecanhelpthem.问题是我们能否帮助他们。,Thatiswherewemetthefirsttime.那就是我们第一次见面的地方。Theonlychangewouldbewhattheyspendtheirmoneyon.唯一变化的会是他们花钱用来买什么。,宾语从句Wedontknowwhetherhehasleft.我们不知道他是否走了。Imsure(that)shewillwininthegame.我有把握他能赢。Theykeptitquietthathewasdead.他们对他的死保持静默。Acomputercanonlydowhatyouhaveinstructedittodo.计算机只能按照你的指令做事。,同位语从句Hissuggestionthatwehaveapicnicinterestedeveryone.他提出野餐的建议我们大家都感兴趣。IhavenoideawhenJackwillbeback.我不知道杰克几时回来。,Thequestionwhetherhecanpasstheexamornotworriedhisparents.他的父母担心他能否通过考试。Thenewsthathissonwillcomebacksoonistrue.他的儿子很快要回来的消息是真的。,Weexpressedthehopethatwewouldhavefurthercooperationinthefuture.我们表示希望今后有进一步的合作。Thefactthathesucceededintheexperimentpleasedus.他的实验成功使我们很高兴。,（3）状语从句时间Asthestormbursttheshoppersmadeforshelter.暴风雨来时购物人向避风处跑去。Atelegramcameaftershehadgone.电报是在她走后来的。,地点Puteverythingwhereitis.将东西放回原处。Youareabletogowhereveryoulikeonholidays.假日里你到任何喜欢的地方都可以。,原因IreadthebookforthesimplereasonthatIlikethewriter.我读这本书仅仅是因为我喜欢本书的作者。Icametoseeyouonthegroundthatyourfathersaidyouwereintrouble.我来看你（理由）是因为你父亲说你遇到了麻烦。,目的Ihidthebooksothatheshouldnotseeit.我把这本书藏起来不让他看见。Inorderthatthebridgewouldbebuilt,therubbishshouldbemoved.为了修桥，垃圾要移走。,结果Iwasinthebath,withtheresultthatIdidnthearthetelephone.我在洗澡结果没听见电话铃响。Hewassoexcitedthathecouldhardlysayaword.他太激动几乎说不出话来。,方式Leaveitasitis.物归原处。Doashetellsyou.照他告诉你的去做。,比较Shehasreadasmanybooksaswehave.她读的书和我们一样多。Atthattimepopsingerswerenotknowntothedegreetheyaretoday.那时的流行歌手没有到现在那样出名的程度。,条件DontcomeunlessIcallyou.我不呼你不要来。Callnumber110incaseyouareintrouble.遇事打110电话。,让步Iwillcome,evenifitrains.即便下雨我也要来。Whateverproblemsyouhave,youllalwayscometomeforhelp.无论有什么问题，你可以随时来我这求助。,含It的结构（1）作代词IdlikeChineseteawithnothinginit.我喜欢喝中国清茶。Ifyougobyhighway,itwilltakeyoulesstime.走高速公路会省时。,(2)作形式主语Itusedtobedifficulttogetdrinkingwaterhere.过去在这里喝饮用水是很难的。Itoccurredtomethatweshouldgotoseehermoreoften.我想起我们该多去他。,（3）作形式宾语Ifounditveryhardtogetridofthebadhabit.我认为去掉坏习惯很难。ItakeitforgrantedthatwehavenoschoolonSunday.我觉得星期日当然不上课。,（4）作强调词Whatwasitthatattractedsomanyvisits?是什么吸引这么多来客？Itwasnotuntil1920thatregularradiobroadcastsbegan.直到1920年才开始有了定期的线电广播。,（5）结构的习惯表达Itdoesntmatter.没关系。ItistimeIwentandpickedupmylittledaughter.是该我去接小女儿的时候了。,（6）指天气、时间、距离、状态Itpromisestobefinetomorrow.明天定是好天。Itsalreadyfiveoclocknow.现在已经五点钟了。Itisaboutamilefromhometoschool.学校到家约一英里的路程。Itisalwaysnoisyhere.这里老是很吵。,（7）Itthat引导宾语从句Hesawtoitthathissonspentmuchtimeoncomputer.他注意到儿子在电脑上花时间太多。MyfatherinsistedonitthatIshouldgotocollege.父亲坚持让我上大学。,（8）结构评论行为或活动经历Itwascarelessofyoutoleavethebaginthetaxi.你把包丢在出租车上太大意了。ItsdoubtfulwhetherIshallstoporcontinue.是停下来还是继续下去我犹豫不决。,.倒装句（1）Herearethebookyouwanted.这就是你要的书。（2）Theharderwework,thehappierwefeel.我们工作越努力，感觉越快乐。,（3）Isntithottoday!天真热啊！（4）Socleverwastheboythathewenttocollegeattheageof14.这男孩如此的聪明居然14岁就上了大学。,（5）SuchwastheweatherthatIcouldnotgoout.像这样的天气我是不能出门的。（6）NeverinmylifehaveIheardsuchthing.我一辈子从未听说这样的事。,（7）Oftenhaveweseentheseboysdogoodthings.我们常看到这些孩子做好事。（8）Nosoonerhadshegivenhimawelcomethanshewentintopreparehimameal.她刚迎接他回来就马上为他准备饭菜。,（9）Gonearethedayswhenfarmersliveinthepoorhouses.农民居住陋舍的日子过去了。（10）Acrossthesquarestandsastatelybuilding.跨越广场矗立一座堂皇建筑。,（11）Happilydidtheylivetogether.他们幸福地生活在一起。（12）Wereitnotforyourhelp,Iwouldnthavepassedtheexam.没有你的帮助我考试不会通过的。,（13）Busyasheis,heoftenhelpsmewithmyEnglish.虽然他忙，但还是常帮我英语。（14）Shouldheactlikethatagain,hewouldbefined.如果他还这样做，就要受罚。,（15）Onlyinthiswaycanwesolvetheproblem.只有用这个办法才能够解决问题。（16）Awaywentthethief,whenhesawthepolice.偷贼见警察就跑掉了。,(17)Littledidsheknowtherealsituation.她一点也不知道真实情况。(18)Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcenturydidmanknowwhatheatis.直到19世纪初期人类才了解热能是什么。,(19)Innootherwaycanthematterbeexplained.没有其他的方法可以解释此事。,（三）功能意念和话题项目(1)告知、探询和解释1.Thisistheverymanwhoisinchargeoftheproject.这就是负责此项工程的人。2.Hesaidthatmorethan100passengersdiedintheaccident.他说在这次事故中有100多乘客遇难。3.Takeonetothreetablets,accordingtotheseverityofthepain.服用1到3粒药片，要由疼痛的程度而定。,(2)表达思维活动或态度1.Icannotagreewithyouonthepoint.在这一点上我不同意你的意见。2.Thisshophassuch