北京长城英文导游词.doc

北京长城英文导游词 ladiesandgentlemen: weletothegreatwall.startingoutintheeastonthebanksoftheyaleriverinleaningprovince,thewallstretcheswestwardsfor12,700kilometerstojiayuguaninthegobidesert,thusknownasthetenthousandliwallinchina.thewallclimbsupanddown,twistsandturnsalongtheridgesoftheyanshanandyinshanmountainchainsthroughfiveprovincesliaoning,hebei,shanxi,shaanxi,andgansuandtwoautonomousregionsningxiaandinnermongolia,bindingthenorthernchinatogether. historicalrecordstracetheconstructionoftheoriginofthewalltodefensivefortificationbacktotheyear656b.c.duringthereignofkingchengofthestatesofchu.itsconstructioncontinuedthroughoutthewarringstatesperiodinthefifthcenturyb.c.walls,then,wasbuiltseparatelybytheseducalstatestowardoffsuchharassments.laterin221b.c.themostextensivereinforcementsandrenovationswerecarriedoutinthemingdynasty(13681644)whenaltogether18lengthystretcheswerereinforcedwithbricksandrocks.itismostlythemingdynastywallthatvisitorsseetoday. thegreatwallisdividedintotwosections,theeastandwest,withshanxiprovinceasthedividingline.thewestpartisarammedearthconstruction,heeasternpart,thecoreofthewallisrammedearthaswell,buttheoutershellisreinforcedwithbricksandrocks.themostimposingandbestpreservedsectionsofthegreatwallareatbadalingandmutianyu,notfarfrombeijingandbothareopentovisitors. thewallofthosesectionsis7.8metershighand6.5meterswideatitsbase,narrowingto5.8metersontheramparts,wideenoughforfivehorsestogallopabreast.two-storiedwatch-towersarebuiltatapproximately400-metersinternals.thetopstoriesofthewatch-towerweredesignedforobservingenemymovements,whilethefirstwasusedforstoringgrain,fodder,militaryequipmentandgunpowderaswellasforquarteringgarrisonsoldiers.thehighestwatch-toweratbadalingstandingonahill-top,isreachedonlyafterasteepclimb,likeclimbingaladdertoheaven. therestand14majorpasses(guan,inchinese)atplacesofstrategicimportancealongthegreatwall,themostimportantbeingshanghaiguanandjiayuguan.yetthemostimpressiveoneisjuyongguan,about50kilometersnorthwestofbeijing. knownastianxiadiyiguan(thefirstpassunderheaven),shanghaiguanpassissituatedbetweentwosheercliffsforminganeckconnectingnorthchinawiththenortheast.ithadbeen,therefore,akeyjunctioncontestedbyallstrategistsandmanyfamousbattleswerefoughthere.itwasthegateofshanghaiguanthattheminggeneralwusanguiopenedtothemanchuarmytosuppressthepeasantrebellionledbylizichengandsosurrenderedthewholemingempiretothemanchus,leadingtothefoundationoftheqingdynasty.(1644-1911) asaculturalheritage,thewallbelongsnotonlytochinabuttotheworld.thevenicechartersays:historicalandculturalarchitecturenotonlyincludestheindividualarchitecturalworks,butalsotheurbanorruralenvironmentthatwitnessedcertaincivilizations,significantsocialdevelopmentsorhistoricalevents.thegreatwallisthelargestofsuchhistoricalan