计算思维四种思维方式的举例.doc

。Decomposition 分层思维Decomposition is the process of breaking large problems into smaller parts. These smaller parts are easier to understand, making the problem easier to solve.分层思维是将一个大问题拆解成许多小的部分。这些小部分更容易理解，让问题更加容易解决。How do we make a hamburger? 怎样制作汉堡包？We can break it down to its ingredients: 我们可以将汉堡包分成几个部分Upper bun 最上层的圆面包Lettuce 生菜Tomato 西红柿Cheese 奶酪Beef patty 牛肉馅饼Lower bun 下层的圆面包Pattern Recognition 模式识别Pattern recognition is the process of identifying patterns and trends among the parts of a problem. You can find patterns from previous experiences and apply them to other problems as well!模式识别是识别不同问题中的模式和趋势（共同点）的过程。你能从以往的经验中得到规律并且举一反三将它运用到其他的问题中。Sequential patterns are when you arrange items in sequence:顺序模式是按顺序排列项目（所有物品）Grouping patterns are when you group items that are similar:分组模式是将相似的项目(物品)分成一个组Algorithmic Thinking 流程建设Algorithmic Thinking is the process of solving a problem step by step. When you get ready for school, tie your shoelaces.youre using it in daily life without realising!流程建设是一步步解决问题的过程。当你准备去学校，系好了鞋带.你却没有意识到你已经在日常生活中使用流程建设了We can plan a schedule for the day with it: 我们可以用它来计划一天的日程安排7.00 早上7.00Wake up 起床9.00 上午九点School 去学校15.00 下午三点Practice sports 做运动21.00晚上九点Sleep 睡觉We can draw Doodle step by step: 我们来一步步地涂鸦1. Draw a circle 1. 画一个圆圈2. Add 2 ears 2.加上两个耳朵3. Add a mane 3.再加上头发4. And a face! 4.再画上一张脸！Abstraction 抽象化Abstraction is the process of removing unnecessary information to focus on what is essential.抽象化是关注关键信息，忽略不必要细节的过程Can you guess what these shapes are?你能猜到这些图形是什么吗？If you guessed them correctly, thats abstraction! You have focused on their defining features.如果你猜对了，那你就知道什么是抽象化了。你要关注它们最典型的特征。Can you guess where these animals live?你能猜出来这些动物生活在哪里吗？Thats right, underwater - you can guess by focusing on their fins, which they use to swim!对了！在水里面你能从它们的鱼鳍看出来，那是它们用来游泳的！大家都来到荷塘，挖莲藕抓鱼虾，捉泥鳅捡螃蟹，人声鼎沸，笑语欢声，相互谈说着要如何弄出一顿顿可口的美味。光是莲藕的吃法就有很多：熬汤炖肉八宝酿、清炒生吃蜜饯糖，还可以磨成藕粉，加入砂糖或蜂蜜，在温水里一泡，就是一杯清凉清甜的解暑饮料。用鲜莲叶来熬粥，蒸饭蒸鸡，或蒸其它肉类味道都是极鲜美的，做出来的食物均带着一股淡淡的莲叶清香。人们那么喜欢荷花，不单单是因为它的芳香美丽洁净高雅，更因为它全身是宝，每一处都可食可药可用。我最喜欢的是生鲜莲子羹。把剥好的莲子对半打开去芯，莲子芯很苦，可以药用，没有芯的莲子是甜的，正好用它熬糖水。把足量的生莲子洗净，和着一小片生姜一片鲜莲叶，放进清水锅里，盖着盖子大火烧滚，转小火熬