英语本科毕业论文-《格列弗游记》中讽刺手法的分析.doc

中国网络大学CHINESE NETWORK UNIVERSITY本科毕业设计(论文)格列弗游记中讽刺手法的分析院系名称： 网络学院 专 业： 学生姓名： 学 号： 指导老师： 中国网络大学教务处制2016年05月15日AcknowledgementsFirst and foremost I would like to express my gratitude to my supervisor Shi Hong for her useful suggestions and patient guidance, without her encouragement and illuminating instruction, my thesis could not be finished. Im also deeply indebted to all the other teachers who helped me directly or indirectly.Secondly, in writing this paper, I have benefited from the presence of my classmates. They generously helped me collect materials I needed and made many invaluable suggestions. I hereby extend my grateful thanks to them for their kind help.Last but not least I feel grateful to all critics and writers whose article I refered to or quoted in the thesis .Its not easy for me to finish my thesis without their helps. AbstractThis article study the art of satire used in Jonathan swifts Gullivers Travels . Liliput innuendos the baseness and corruption of England politics and society ; Brobdingnag innuendos the yearn for reason. Laputa represent the colonization in other small contries.Houyhnhnm innuendo symbolizes reason and folly. By describing the ceremony in liliput and the talk with king in Brobdingnag to satire the cruel , envy , greed and wild ambition of England and humanbings . This artical pay more attention on profound meaning of satire analyze and experience deeply about the emotion of swift.Key words: Jonathan Swift; satire; Gullivers Travels摘要18世纪英国讽刺作家斯威夫特的格列佛游记具有鲜明的讽刺艺术，作分别用小人国影射英国社会生活，飞岛国影射英国对小国家的欺凌，大人国影射对神圣理性的向往，慧骃国影射英国的非理性。通过描写小人国的仪式和同大人国国王的对话反讽了英国社会和人的残酷、疯狂、嫉妒、贪欲及野心等现象，通过夸张对比讽刺人性和英国社会的邪恶。本文着重对这些讽刺艺术进行研究，深入剖析和体会作者通过讽刺表达的情感。关键词：乔纳森斯威夫特；格列佛游记；讽刺手法Table of ContentsACKNOWLEDGEMENTSIABSTRACTII摘要IIITABLE OF CONTENTSIVCHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION1CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW42.1 Objective42.2 The current research52.2.1 Foreign scholars on Gullivers Travels52.2.2 Domestic scholars on Gullivers Travels52.3 The idea of the subject6CHAPTER THREE INTRODUCTION OF IRONY73.1 Whats the satire and the types of satire7CHAPTER FOUR THE EMBODIMENT OF THE IRONY IN THIS ARTICLE94.1 Innuendo and Ironic94.1.1 Liliput and politlcal situation in Britain94.1.2 Laputa, colonial domination and pseudoscience104.1.3 Brobdingnag, Houyhnhnm and society of Europe114.2 Exaggeration and comparision124.2.1 The exaggerated description between liliput and brobdingnag124.2.2 The exaggerated description between Houyhnhnm and Yahoo13CONCLUSION15WORKS CITED1617Chapter One Introduction Jonathan Swift was born in 1667 in the Irish capital Dublin, he is the most outstanding satirist in eighteenth Century. In 1686 Swift won a degree from the three one College of Dublin; In 1692, he won a masters degree from University of Oxford; in 1701 he received a doctors degree in three one school of theology. He became private secretary in 1688, so that he had the opportunity to read a large number of classic ; in 1699, as the clergyman in the Church of England, the village priest, and the Tories editor, published numerous of political comments, which attacked the landlords and the gentry, satirized British colonialism policy, and made a deep impact to British people; in 1714, as the Irish St. Patricks Cathedral vice bishop in Ireland, did research of the current state, and participated in a free and independent combat. Golgi called him one of the great writers. In 18BC many social contradictions exist in the British. The situation of working people became more worse, the ruling class contradictions. LiuXinHua, Guo Ai Zhu think: In 1688,the compromise of aristocracy and the bourgeoisie led to the Restoration.Thus the monarchy constitution was established.Parliament and cabinet become the ruling class of its own people. (5:68) Miao Fu Guang and Lina said:in 1688 the essence of so-called Glorious Revolutionis compromise signed by the aristocracy and the bourgeoisie.(8:161-163) The two major political parties attack each other, and fight for power and money, the contradiction between the British and Irish. The book describes four wonderful sailing adventures. The protagonist Mel Gref - a general surgeon in Lilliput, Brobdingnag, the flying island (Laputa) and Hoyhnhnm. Swift used the first person writing way, through a variety of irony and absurd description, not only reveal the British ruling classs reactionary policies, but also the corruption and other social contradictions exist in various areas such as politics, economy, military, culture, diplomacy, science. How does Swift describe the adventures by Gref to satire British.This article will make a detailed analysis on satirical art of Gref s travels. As a master of satirical pose in the history of English literature-, satire is Swifts main writing style. Its the most typical work of his satirical masterpieces. Nevertheless Swift himself proclaimed that irony was “which I was born to introduce”, the formation of his ironic style still has its own sources. As introduced before, Swift was posthumous child, the Son of young lawyer who had not had time to begin making His fortune when he died, at the age of 27. Swift satirized his 1ief as a Poor relation of others. He was educated at Uncle Godwins expense. The condition lasted some periods until his mother returned back, probably when he was sent to Kilkenny at 6 years old. We could imagine from that how Swift grew without father or mother, Xuyuan Na said: Jonathan Swift, a dilapidated orphan of British aristocracy,loneliness can be described as a lifetime companion.(28:132)but on the rather graduating charity of relations when he is a little boy-he bitterly submitting to the education of a dog by himself. A boy grew without the care of either father or mother, and had to sojourn discriminately by the relatives, without Knowing what were love and warmth in childhood, as a result, its easy to form a extreme character from the points of modern psychology, and now we can understand Swifts satire profoundly. At the same time, since nobody would regulate this wild boy, he got a kind of freedom which he pursued in His later life. Swift had been the private secretary of Sir Temple after Graduated from Trinity College. As a fledging, being a private secretary in an officials family was an interesting job, which provided him rare chance to meet the bigwigs However, just like what Swift wrote definitely in his Private diary, het position was some aspects disgraced. At that time , even the private secretary was treated as advanced servants or the poor relatives of the official .The attitude of pride and charity to wards Swift made the newly graduated genius detestable .As a genius who had to serve those influential fools, Swift was naturally unbearable. However, he had to bear this Imbalance for the salary to survive .Therefore, he could only Express this unbearable unfair with his irony. And because of This position, he got to know things behind the glorious influences like the secret scandals which provided him the materials of his Satire .In my opinion, considering this background, we can find Swifts irony is the approach of expressing his feeling of unfairness, showing his genius to the influential fools, and exposing their ugly features to the public.- Gullivers Travels is written by Jonathan Swift, we call it a fairy tale. This is a book talk about travels. It describes four extraordinary places that Gulliver encountered after the ship was wrecked. The four places are Lilliput, Brobdingnag, Laputa, and the country of the Houyhnhnms. We can see an astute analysis of the nature of Swifts satire in the book. People regard Gullivers Travels as a biting satire, and Swift thought that it is both humorous and critical, the descriptions of imaginary countries attack British and European society constantly.Chapter two literature review2.1 ObjectiveAccording to Encyclopedia explanation: the art of satire is the way to attack and expose some errors, weaknesses, so that everyone can have more vivid and profound understandings on these mistakes and weaknesses .Ironical novel is a type of novel that is divided according to the nature and subject matter areas . It is based on all kinds of ugly things in real life as its subject to ridicule, exposing and criticizing the attitude of society and even corrupt reactionary negative phenomena, things, or ideas through ridiculous description. Its hero is representative of the people who is decline in the quality of forces or character . Ironic works are used to lash something that block the development of society. The achievement in thought and art makes Gullivers Travels to be the top model of the ironic work in the world and in all ages . Its good for us to improve our writing skill and rethink our society profoundly by appreciating the art of satire is showed in swifts work.Study the satirical art in Gullivers Travels, on the one hand, we can understand some of the British contradictions and history of that time. Because this is a time that many political changes happened in the Britain. On the other hand, the novel use of a lot of satire to describes Gullivers singular experience. We can master the multiple use of satire. On the one hand, we can know some controdictions of England. Because the politics of England is fickle at that time. Its useful to understand the history of England. The work describes the protagonistGullivers happy encounters with a large number of satire mean. We can master many kinds of usage of satire from studying Gullivers Travels. Gullivers Travels is an excellent allegory novel in the history of English literature.the originality of writing skills and dramatic irony means of Swifts are worthy of studying and emulating for future generations.This paper will reflect its unique literary, artistic and profound social ideas through the study of satire of the book.2.2 The current research2.2.1 Foreign scholars on Gullivers TravelsForeign scholars made a deep study on the novel Gullivers Travels and author Jonathan Swift .American novelist Jie Keyi Siduokabu discovered status changes occured often in the fiction, and concluded: These changes expose that a difference in power is characterized by an adult and child. For this research project of Gullivers World, the famous British literary critic Christopher Lin Dingge gives a unique perspective: Gulliver real world is diverse environment, play a role in interactive edutainment platform and learning environment. Affecting mixed augmented reality environment through technology and innovation of media art.Mandarin Gullivers Travels, a major issue which critics argued is utopianism: weather Hui Malaysia in the end represent the ideal utopian society or on behalf of the satire of human society? In this area, the world-renowned linguist Troughton Gothic published toy house Yehuda in 1984, he noted, Gullivers Travels not only a utopian work, but also a childrens classic.2.2.2 Domestic scholars on Gullivers TravelsIts more than three hundred years from Gullivers Travels was published. From then on, lots of readers and reviewers were attracted by it. Once reviewers did many research about the moral tendency and political meaning in satire. Over the years, many famous writers compared GT with journey to the west, flowers in the Mirror, Rubinson Crusoe. That reflect its a classical work with deep satire meaning. Gullivers Travels was first passed in the late Qing dynasty. As a satire, it affects a large number of Chinese scholars, such as Lu Xun, Lao She, Qian Zhongshu and so on. Many writers and scholars of our country do the research of the satire art in Gullivers Travels zhangyunfu and Zhang Yang published the analysis of satire in Jonathan Swift Gullivers Travels in 2008; Xu Na published appreciate Gullivers Travels satirical art and cultural influence in 2009; Liu Yumei published satirical art in Gullivers Travels in 2004. Some scholars discussed Swifts writing skill. Gong Maori published on Gullivers Travels comparison approach in 2006. In addition, there are some scholars introduce the aesthetic style in Gullivers Travels to readers such as the Aesthetic in Gullivers Travels published in 2008. Sun Xiaoxian published scientific ideas in Gullivers Travels in 2002, he describes the science theme of the fiction for us. In other areas, Jin Haiying published political views of Gullivers Travels in 2008.2.3 The ideas of the subjectFirst, the paper makes a brief overview on the author, background, and the main content of the Gullivers Travels. Second the paper focus on analyzing the art of satire in the novel, especially described how swift express ironic subtly from the perspective of grammar in detail. Chapter three Introduction of irony3.1 whats the satire and the types of satireSatire is firstly a literary type or mold, it can also be found in the graphic and performing arts, though its used in practice. In satire, people always held up evil practice, follies, abuses, and shortcomings to ridicule. Though satire is usually means comical, it has the more great constructive social criticism of its purpose, with using wit as a weapon. A strong sense of irony is common form of satire, irony is commonly used in satire, and in satirical speech and writing paroby, burlesque, exaggeration, juxtaposition, comparison, analogy, and double entendre are often used. The things that the satirist want to attack are performed by this “militant” irony or sarcasm Nowadays, in many artistic form of literature, plays, media, lyrics and commentary, satire can always be found.As a rhetorical strategy, satire is used to help up human or individual vices, follies, of ridicule, derision, burlesque, irony other methods to censure, however, satire has a lager notion that is poking fun at the stupid of others. Believe it or not, in the graphic and performing arts it can also be found.With the weapon of wit, the aim of satire is not more humor than criticism, though its always meant to be funny. In common, the satires defining feature is the irony or sarcasms strong vein, with double entendre, comparison, juxtaposition, analogy, exaggeration.In social institutions, satire is usually used for hypocrisy or aimed at political commentary, whereas, big satire always take human self-deception in one form or another as its target. Satire can be changed from bitter indignation to bemused tolerance in its tone.Like most of the criticism, irony can be constructive and helpful or critic by design. Its usually didactic as a literary genre. It rarely crave held up a mirror to life or would like to explore the aspect of universal of human experiences as its main target. Irony as the main certain genre, we can find it in other art forms of expression, including drama, comments and media or lyrics, stupid abuse and disadvantages are laughed at in the satire. In order to improve the ethos of public, humiliating, the intentions of people and society sarcasm technology include witty, funny, exaggeration, juxtaposition, comparison and pun. Chapter four The embodiment of the irony in this article4.1Innuendo, Ironic4.1.1 Liliput and political situation in Britain At first, the implication is a kind of gentle irony, by way of hints to denigrate or derogatory the people or topic that is mentioned around us. The characteristics of irony is indirectly reference a rude or unpleasant things, it has a withdraw meaning, in order to understand its meaning we must control the context. In Gullivers Travels, some certain abstract concepts innuendo the society, for drawing the readers rich imagination and provoking thought. Ironically, a kind of rhetoric and literary skills, have a strong sense of coordination or a mixed feeling, the expression is beyond the simple of behavior. Ironic usually convey an opposite meaning from its denotation.Zhou Zhigang, Heng said: The novel use a lot of irony, besides,the humor and irony of the writer critique society.(12:178-179)The Antelope which Gulliver road come across a storm in the Pacific, he was blown to the island of Lilliput by the storm. People on the island is small, and their customs are strange, the king select officials by a skipping method, the one who are able to jump high can be a high official. Folin Nai Pu becomes a finance minister by highest jumping. There are two political parties in this country, a political party wears heels higher than the other party, the two political parties hate each other deeply. Heng said: the faction battle between big-endian and little-endian, was described in detail.Although a bit of ridiculous, but revealed the British real ugly face of society.War often happened between Lilliput and its neighbor. The cause of the war was the king of Lilliput changed the habit of eating eggs, he decided to knock against the big end not the small end. Two parties -high heels and low heels innuendo Tory party and Whig party of England. The struggle and fight between the two parties innuendo the conflict of ruling classes in England. For example, the argument about which end should be eaten first innuendo the ridiculous dispute between Anglo-catholics and Puritanism. This argument should causes a civil war that fomented by Blefuscu and it lasts for 36 months. As for swifts, liliput innuendos England. While Blefuscu represents the neighbour France. Obviously, the High Heels and Low Heels innu