2018年8月25日雅思阅读考情回顾.doc

雅思考试机经2018年8月25日雅思阅读考情回顾一、 考试时间：2018年8月25日（周六）二、 考试概述：第一篇Katherine Mansfield，是新西兰女作家的传记，最近两个月，人物传记出现的频次很高，还请考生有针对性训练文章通读。第二篇Australian Parrots，介绍的是澳洲的鹦鹉。第三篇Amusia是2012年8月13日和2016年8月13日（正好相隔四年）的旧题，介绍的是有些人突然失去了对于音调的感觉。三、文章简介Passage 1: Katherine Mansfield，新西兰女作家Passage 2: Australian Parrots，澳洲的鹦鹉Passage 3: amusia，失乐症四、篇章分析：Passage 1：文章内容文章主旨：讲述了小说家Katherine Mansfield的成长经历。提到她励志成为小说家的缘由、代表作、如何成名等，按照时间顺序交代了她一生的轨迹。题型分布与答案参考1-7)判断题1. 作者的笔名是原名：False2. 作者在女王学院上学时不受欢迎：False3. 作者在女王学院上学时萌生当作家的想法：False4. 小说中对毛利人的描述是favorable way： True5. 作品获奖了：Not Given6. /7. 作者在伦敦时对政治不感兴趣：True8-14)填空题8. 19069. Australia10. family (对家庭和当地生活厌倦了)11. bankruptcy12. writers13. reputation相关拓展Katherine Mansfield revolutionised the 20th Century English short story. Her best work shakes itself free of plots and endings and gives the story, for the first time, the expansiveness of the interior life, the poetry of feeling, the blurred edges of personality. She is taught worldwide because of her historical importance but also because her prose offers lessons in entering ordinary lives that are still vivid and strong. And her fiction retains its relevance through its open-endednessits ability to raise discomforting questions about identity, belonging and desire.Katherine Mansfields brief life was also a lesson in casting off convention. Famously, Mansfield remarked risk, risk everything. In the words of one of her biographers, It was largely through her adventurous spirit, her eagerness to grasp at experience and to succeed in her work, that she became ensnared in disaster . . . If she was never a saint, she was certainly a martyr, and a heroine in her recklessness, her dedication and her courage.Virginia Woolf once said that Katherine Mansfield had produced the only writing I have ever been jealous of. Woolf also, jealously, wrote, . . . the more she is praised, the more I am convinced she is bad. D.H. Lawrence, with whom Mansfield had a fraught friendship, visited Wellington, her birthplace, and was moved to send Mansfield a postcard bearing a single Italian word, Ricordi (memories). It was a small and cryptic gesture of reconciliation; theyd fallen out badly and in his previous letter he had said You are a loathsome reptileI hope you will die. T.S. Eliot found her a fascinating personality but also a thick-skinned toady and a dangerous woman. And, if we want to add one more voice to this roll-call of mixed, self-clashing responses: the Irish writer Frank OConnor, in his classic study of the short story, The Lonely Voice, called Mansfield the brassy little shopgirl of literature who made herself into a great writer.As New Zealanders we tend to think we have invented the ambivalence that surrounds our most famous writer. Our often grudging admiration perhaps has the cast of a distinctively local attitude to high artistic achievement. Yet Katherine Mansfield was always divisive, wherever she was received. The impression she left on those who knew her was strong and ambiguous. She affects her readers in a similar way.After Mansfield died, Virginia Woolf often dreamed at night of her great rival. The dreams gave her a Mansfield who was vividly, shockingly alive, so that the emotion of the dream encounter remained with Woolf for the next day. Hermione Lee, Woolfs biographer, writes that Katherine haunted her as we are haunted by people we have loved, but with whom we have not completed our conversation, with whom we have unfinished business. It is a formulation that captures wonderfully the current position of Mansfield. She is a key figure in the development of the short story and yet she remains somehow on the margins of literary history. She is also the great ghost of New Zealand cultural life, felt but not quite grasped.Unfinished business lies at the heart of the Mansfield life story, not least because she died youngin 1923 at the age of thirty four, the author of just three books of short stories (a fourth and fifth would appear after her death). Her own feeling, as she was dying of tuberculosis, was that she had only just started as a writer. Two weeks before she died, she expressed, with characteristic restlessness, her dissatisfaction and her ambition: I want much more material; I am tired of my little stories like birds bred in cages. Yet there are other aspects of the life that also bear the stamp of incompletion.Mansfield left for London in 1908 aged 20, never to return to New Zealand. In the context of a long and arduous sea journey six or seven weeksthis might not appear significant. And yet by the time Mansfields father, whod been born in Australia, came to write his memoirs, he could boast that hed made the trip back to Mother England twenty-four times. Later in her life, of course, Mansfield was frequently incapacitated by illness. Even allowing for this, it is obvious that she saw no point in a return voyage to her birthplaceand that has had an effect on how we, as New Zealanders, see her. Though D.H. Lawrence believed the most important fact about her was that she was a colonial, Mansfield can seem to us, at first glance, too English; her associations with the Bloomsbury set, her marriage to an English man-of-letters, keep her rather at a distance from our concerns. Irrationally, we feel abandoned.And yet her masterpiecesthe long stories At the Bay and Preludeare lovingly detailed recreations of a New Zealand childhood, reports from the fringethe edge of the world as she felt it to be. She wrote as if shed stayed. Of course these luminous re-imaginings are lit with the affection and nostalgia of the expatriate. They would not exist without their authors estrangement from the scenes and places and people she describes. They are set in a New Zealand of the mind, composed at the edge of Mansfields memory.At the Bay and Prelude are Mansfields most innovative and widely-read works and as such they are often the only point of contact an international readership has with this obscure country at the bottom of the world. And so our sense of abandonment is corrected slightly by a feeling of pride.Mansfields relationship with her country of birth was, like most of her relationships, marked by extremes. In the beginning, as a precocious, literary schoolgirl, she despaired of her uncouth colonial home where people dont even know their alphabet. As a mature writer she found in that hopeless material a way of pushing the boundaries of the formin the words of her biographer, Antony Alpers, a means of revolutionising the English short story.Passage 2：文章内容第一段和第二段说一共有300多种鹦鹉的种类，其中在澳大利亚就有几分之几，有一个制造地图的人，他把澳大利亚描述成为非常多鹦鹉的地方;一个艺术家画家，他也描述了澳大利亚鹦鹉的多样性。这两段就是填空。为什么会有那么多鹦鹉在澳大利亚。因为在一开始南半球只有一块大陆，后来裂开才分开3个，南半球有很多鹦鹉的祖先，因此这就是为什么现在鹦鹉大多在南半球。鹦鹉的嘴为何有那么多种样子，因为植物和果实的多种多样，他们的喙的形状也是多种多样的。植物也会去适应鹦鹉，颜色会鲜艳，来吸引鹦鹉，帮助传粉。鹦鹉的居住地在之前在大陆的比较潮湿的树林中，但是由于气候的改变和人类活动的影响，鹦鹉要去重新适应环境。去适应环境的过程当中，有的鹦鹉就灭绝了。有一种鹦鹉的存活是建立在另一种鹦鹉的灭绝之上。人类去人造鸟巢的缺点，少，贵，只是一个居住的地方，但是不是一个生存的环境。大树不仅能提供住宿，还能提供食物。题型分布与答案参考15-18)段落信息配对题15. 一个关于别的物种影响另外的物种的例子：I16. two species：F17. 食物的颜色会为了适应动物而变化：G18. 南半球适合鹦鹉生存：J19. The varied Australia landscape是的鹦鹉种类很多：C20-22)选择题20. 关于鹦鹉起源：C. in the continent which split up21. parrot beaks:D. adjust to their suitable diet22. Box-nesting的缺点没有提及的是：D.should be frequently maintained23-27)填空题23. one-sixth24. 16 century25. Gerald Mercator26. Jonh Gould相关拓展A familiar sight in Australia, the Australian king parrot is a somewhat rare pet in the United States and other parts of the world. They make relatively calm and quiet pets if hand-raised, however, and their striking colors make them ideal for a bird enthusiast looking for an unusual specimen. Australian king parrots are not overly affectionate birds, and most tend to prefer not to be handled. While there is the occasional exception, it is rare for a king parroteven one that was hand-fed as a babyto bond as strongly with their owners in the same way that cockatoos and some other parrot species do. This is not to say that these birds are anti-socialto the contrary, many Australian king parrots do enjoy interacting with their owners and even learn to say a few words. But if you are looking for a cuddly parrot, then this is not the best species for you.Although these are large parrots, Australian king parrots are known to be among the more quiet parrot species and they tend to not scream in the same manner as the other large hookbills such as macaws. Instead, they tend to pleasantly vocalize at an audible but very agreeable level and will entertain their owners with their whistles and chatter. When properly socialized and motivated, Australian king parrots can learn to talk, but they are not especially noted for remarkable speaking ability.Australian king parrots are a dimorphic bird speciesand dramatically so. Males have bright red plumage on their heads and chests, vivid green feathers on their backs and tails, and blue feathers underneath their wings. they are the only parrot with entirely red heads.Females of the species have green feathers on their heads, backs, and chests, red on their bellies, and a patch of blue on their rumps. Both sexes have dark gray skin on their feet and legs.While highly sought after due to their quiet nature and beautiful colors, it can be hard to find an Australian king parrot. If you are looking to adopt one as a pet, try contacting your local exotic bird club or aviculture society and ask about breeders in your area. Once you are in contact with breeders, ask plenty of questions and try to make an appointment to visit with them and their birds. It is important to understand exactly what it is like to live with an Australian king parrot before bringing one home.Although the vast majority of Australian king parrots prefer minimal handling, they can be hand-tamed by patient owners and are reported to be among the most gentle large parrots in the world. This is not to say that an Australian king parrot will never bitebecause all parrots will bite. However, these birds generally prefer more peaceful methods of interacting with their human caretakers.The Australian king parrot is a very acrobatic bird that requires a large cage or aviary. An ideal environment is an enclosure 3 to 6 feet wide and 12 to 15 feet long. If kept in a smaller enclosure, this bird will require a lot of out-of-cage exercise each day.Passage 3：文章内容在某项研究中，对于他们与正常人中对音乐的反应做了实验，也对他们各自的大脑内部结构进行了分析。得出结论，音盲患者大脑当中的某个部分缺失，所以对于音乐的反应会比正常人更加激烈。也通过了在某些地区的调查研究，证明了虽然隐瞒过患者于正常人相比，缺失了大脑中的某些部分，但他们在书写等其他方面仍表现优异，不能算作是残障人士。题型分布与答案参考选择题527.D失歌症患者分辨不了音高 听不出熟悉的旋律28.B第二段的作用是总结某个研究的内容29.B有失歌症的通常也有语言障碍。30.C作用是outlining31.B失歌症不算是种病判断题432.NO题干说P的话有说服力，但其实原文作者说很怀疑。33.NOT GIVEN34.YES不算疾病35.NOT GIVEN文章没说失歌症和handwriting有关系配对题536.E37.A38.B39.G40.H相关拓展Amusia is a musical disorder that appears mainly as a defect in processing pitch, but it also encompasses musical memory and recognition. Two main classifications of amusia exist: acquired amusia, which occurs as a result of brain damage, and congenital amusia, which results from a music processing anomaly at birth.Studies have shown that congenital amusia is a deficit in fine-grained pitch discrimination and that 4% of the population suffers from this disorder. Acquired amusia, on the other hand, may take several forms. Patients with brain damage may experience the loss of ability to produce musical sounds while sparing speech, much like aphasics lose speech selectively but can sometimes still sing. Other forms of amusia may affect specific sub-processes of music processing. Current research has demonstrated between rhythm, melody and emotional processing of music, and amusia may include impairment SymptomsSymptoms of amusia are generally categorized as receptive, clinical, or mixed. Symptoms of receptive amusia, sometimes referred to as musical deafness, include the inability to recognize familiar melodies, the loss of ability to read musical notation, and the inability to detect wrong or out-of tune notes. Clinical, or expressive, symptoms include the loss of ability to sing, write musical notation, and/or play an instrument. A mixed disorder would be a combination of expressive and receptive impairment.Clinical symptoms of acquired amusia are much more variable than those of congenital amusia and are determi