中考英语情态动词考点归纳与例析.doc

.中考英语情态动词考点归纳与例析 【重点讲解】情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，表示“必须”、“可能”、“应当”、“必要”等。情态动词本身具有一定的意义，但词义不完全，不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化，没有非谓语形式。常见情态动词用法归纳：1. can 和could: can表示能力、可能，只用于一般现在时，过去时用could。(比较：be able to可以用于多种时态。) 但could表示提出委婉的请求，或在否定，疑问句中表示推测或怀疑时，不表示时态。例如：Could I have the television on? 我可以打开电视吗？He couldnt be a bad man.他不大可能是坏人。2. may和might表示允许或请求。might表示推测时，不表示时态，只是表示可能性比may小。3. may(might) have + done sth的意思是“可能已经做了某事”，推测在过去时间里可能发生的事情。例如：He may (might) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.4. must和have to都是“必须”的意思。have to 表示客观的需要，must 表示说话人主观上的看法，既主观上的必要。have to有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。另外，must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，意为“一定”。否定推测用cant。5. must have +done sth 表示对过去可能发生的事情的推测，语气较强，具有“肯定”，“谅必”的意思。例如：- Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here.- She must have gone by bus.6. should 和ought to 都是“应该”的意思，可用于各种人称。7. ought to have done sth/ should have done sth 表示本应该做某事，而事实上并没有做。否定句则表示“不该做某事而做了”。另外，ought to 在语气上比should 要强。例如：You ought to (should) have been more careful in this experiment.He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.8. need和dare 既可用作实义动词用，又可用作情态动词用。作为情态动词，两者都只能用于疑问句，否定句和条件句中。9. neednt have done sth 表示“本没必要做某事”。例如：I dressed very warmly for the trip, but I neednt have done so. The weather was hot.10. Will/Would you do? 表示“请求”、“劝说”。如果加上please，则语气更加客气。11. Shall I/ we? 表示征求意见。12. would like to do sth 表示“想要做某事（= want to do sth）”，为固定搭配。例如：Would you like to go with me?【中考链接】1. - Can I go fishing with you, Dad? - No, you _. You _ stay at home and do your homework first. A. wont, mayB. cant, mustC. shouldnt, oughtD. neednt, should 答案：B。【解析】问句是说“可以去钓鱼吗？”从答句结尾可知，父亲是叫孩子呆在家里做作业，所以否定回答应为No, you cant。2. - Our class won the English speaking contest.- Congratulations! You_ be very proud of it.A. canB. need C. would D. must答案：D。【解析】根据上下文，本题要填表示肯定推测的must。答句的意思是“祝贺你们！你们一定为此而自豪。”3.- Have you seen my glasses？I _ find them. - Sorry, I havent seen them.A. cantB. shouldntC. wontD. mustnt答案：A。【解析】提问的人是在找不到自己的眼镜的情况下问 “Have you seen my glasses?”的，所以选A。4. - Must I write all the words down now?- No, you _. A. mustnt B. cantC. wont D. neednt 答案：D。【解析】用must提问时，否定回答表示“不必要”时，用neednt。5. - The sports shoes must be Lindas.- No, they _ be. Theyre too small for her. A. mustnt B. cant C. may not D. might not 答案：B。【解析】从答句开头可知，这里是有把握的否定判断，要用cant。句意为“不可能是”。6. - You _sleep in class. - Sorry, Miss Wang. I _.A. mustnt, mustnt B. cant , neednt B. C. mustnt, wont D. shouldnt , may not答案：C。【解析】 mustnt 表示禁止，意思是“千万不要”。第二空填wont， 表示“我不会再睡觉的” 。7. - May I take the magazine out of the reading room? - _. Please read it here.A. Certainly. B. No, you neednt C. No, you cant. D. No, you may not.答案：C。【解析】阅览室的杂志一般只能在阅览室里看，是不可以拿走的。”cant”表示“不可以”，语气较强，所以选C。8. - Excuse me , how can I get to the hi-tech Exhibition Hall? - Sorry, I am new here. The policeman over there _know.A. shall B. may C. need D. would 答案：B。【解析】may表示猜测，意思为“可能”。问句的意思是“怎样去高交会馆？”。回答是“那边的警察可能知道。”9. You _ return the book now. You can keep it for another week. A. neednt B. mustnt C. cant D. wont 答案：A。【解析】从结尾一句的意思判断选A 。neednt的意思是“不必”。10. - Tom, where is your father? - Im not sure. He _ in his office. A. is B. may be C. maybe D. may 答案：B。【解析】 从 “Im not sure”判断，回答问题的人不能确定他父亲在那里，所以排除A。而C和D在句中都不能单独作谓语，故选B。11. He went back home just now. He _be here now. A. mightnt B. neednt C. cant D. has to答案：C。【解析】 cant表示表示猜测，意思是“不可能”。【习题精炼】1. - Could I borrow your dictionary?-Yes, of course, you_. A. might B. will C. can D. should2. - Shall I tell John about it?- No, you _. Ive told him already. A. needntB. wouldntC. mustntD. shouldnt3. Tom ought not to _ me your secret, but he meant no harm. A. tell B. have toldC. be tellingD. having told4. - May I smoke here? - No, you _.A. mustnt B. dont C. neednt D. must5. You _ to school tomorrow if you go to look after your mother in the hospital.A. dont need come B. dont comeC. neednt to come D. neednt come6. - Is the girl in red Mary?- No, it _ be Mary . Shes doing her homework at home.A. must B. may C. cant D. mustnt7. - Why isnt Tom in school today? - He _ be sick, or hed have been here already.A. should B. must C. may D. would8. - Is Mr Hu in the reading room?-No, he _be there. He has gone to Tianjing.A. mustnt B. neednt C. wont D. cant9. - May mustnt I go swimming in the river, Mum?- No, you _. Its dangerous.A. mustnt B. neednt C. dont D. havent10. - _you like to go shopping with me?- Yes, I _.A. Would, would B. Will, will like C. Would, would love D. Would , would love to11. - Must I hand in the homework now?- No , you _. But you _hand it in tomorrow.A. mustnt, must B. neednt, have to C. neednt, can D. musnt, must【答案详解】1. 答案：C。【解析】 问句开头的could表示委婉的语气，并不表示时态。答语中of course表示肯定的语气，允许某人做某事时，用can和 may来表达，不能用could或might。2. 答案：A。【解析】neednt 意为“不必”，“不用”。 wouldnt意为“将不”,“不会的”。 mustnt意为“禁止”，“不可以”。 shouldnt意为“不应该”。从结尾的一句的意思判断，这里要用neednt。3. 答案：B。【解析】由于后半句为过去时，可见“告诉秘密”的动作发生在其前，因此ought not to 后要用完成时“have told”。4. 答案：A。【解析】问句的意思是“我可以在这儿抽烟吗”，否定回答为“你不可以”，因此选A。mustnt含有禁止意味，语气比 may not强。5. 答案：D。【解析】从语法结构上看，A项中 come前缺 to。 C 项中come前的 to应去掉。6. 答案：C。【解析】根据最后一句“玛丽正在家里做家庭作业”这一信息，可知“穿红衣服的姑娘不是玛丽”，应用cant，表否定的推测。故选C。7. 答案：B。【解析】must和may都有表示猜测的用法。Must表示的可能性较大，而 may表示可能性较小。从答句中我们可以判断这里的可能性应该较大，因为“他肯定生病了，否则，他早就到这儿了”。所以该题的答案为B。.8. 答案：D。【解析】根据最后一句判断，Mr H