2019中考英语二轮复习 阅读理解金题（4）.doc

2019中考英语阅读理解金题（4）【能力选练】 A（2019中考训练题）People often think of the North Pole(北极) and the South Pole as similar frozen(冰冻的)wastelands. They are both places with very cold temperatures and few people live there. However, the North and South Poles are not much alike as people may imagine.The North Pole has no land, only thick ice. Temperatures seldom go above 32F, at which water turns into ice. Most of the time, it stays below zero. In winter temperatures are usually as low as -30F. Although conditions were very poor, people tried for many centuries to reach the North Pole. About 100 years ago, two men, Robert Peary and Mathew Henson, were able to get to this environment full of troubles and difficulties. They reached the North Pole on March 8th, 1909. It was really a hard trip for them.There are few things more dangerous than crossing the Arctic(北极圈) on foot. People who stayed there may face many problems: very cold temperatures, sudden storms, and even hunger. Most of the area is uninhabited. Few people can live in such a difficult place.People might think that with such low temperatures for most of the year, the ice would be thick and hard. However, this is not true in the Arctic. The movement of the ocean water under the ice may often cause many different changes on the surface. Sometimes the ice breaks into two opening lanes of water(水道) called “leads”. Anyone who falls into a lead can be frozen to death in a few minutes.1This passage is probably from _.A a book review B a science bookC a school report D a computer magazine2According to the passage, what happened about 100 years ago ?A Two men succeeded in getting to the North Pole.B Temperatures in the North Pole went above 32F.C The environment in the North Pole suddenly became worse.D The North Pole changed into thick ice because of the temperatures.3What does the underlined word “uninhabited” probably mean in Chinese?A 气候恶劣的 B 充满危险的 C 困难重重的 D 无人居住的4The reason for the ice to break into two opening lanes of water is _.A that the temperature suddenly drops B that the water under the ice is frozenC that the ocean water under the ice moves D that the surface is covered with lots of ice5What does this passage mainly talk about?A The thick ice in the North Pole.B A difficult trip to the North Pole.C The real situation in the North Pole.D The differences between the North Pole and the South Pole.【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇科普文，介绍了北极点的有关情况。首先指出北极和南极并不像人们想象的那么相像，接着从冰层厚、气温低等方面介绍恶劣的环境，然后插入了100多年前两个人克服重重困难走到北极的故事，证明了北极的大部分地区无人居住。最后介绍了海水在冰下的运动常常会引起表面上许多不同的变化。1题意：这篇文章可能是从_。考查综合理解题。A. a book review一本书评；B. a science book一本科学书；C. a school report一则学术报告；D. a computer magazine一本计算机杂志。短文是一则科普文，根据它的体裁，应该摘自于科学书。故选B。2题意：根据这篇文章，大约100年前发生了什么？考查细节理解题。A. Two men succeeded in getting to the North Pole.两个人成功地到达了北极点。根据About 100 years ago, two men, Robert Peary and Mathew Henson, were able to get to this environment full of troubles and difficulties.可知，说法正确，可选。B. Temperatures in the North Pole went above 32F.北极点的温度超过华氏32度。根据原文句子Temperatures seldom go above 32F ，可知温度极少能超过华氏32度，故说法错误。C. The environment in the North Pole suddenly became worse.北极的环境突然变得更糟了，短文没有提及，故说法错误。D. The North Pole changed into thick ice because of the temperatures.北极由于气温变化变成厚厚的冰，根据However, this is not true in the Arctic.可知，说法错误。根据文意，可知选A。3题意：下划线的“uninhabited”这个词在汉语中是什么意思？考查词义理解题。few一点，表否定意义。根据下文提示Few people can live in such a difficult place.，可知很少有人能生活在这样困难的地方。故选D。4题意：冰块断做两口水道的原因是_。考查细节理解题。A. that the temperature suddenly drops气温突然下降；B. that the water under the ice is frozen冰下的水结冰了；C. that the ocean water under the ice moves冰下的海水移动了；D. that the surface is covered with lots of ice表面覆盖着很多冰。根据短文最后的内容The movement of the ocean water under the ice may often cause many different changes on the surface. Sometimes the ice breaks into two opening lanes of water called “leads”.，可知选C。5题意：这篇文章主要讲的是什么？考查文意理解和综合理解题。A. The thick ice in the North Pole. 北极点厚厚的冰；B. A difficult trip to the North Pole. 艰难的北极点之行；C. The real situation in the North Pole. 北极点的实际情况；D. The differences between the North Pole and the South Pole. 北极点和南极点之间的差异。本文的主要内容就是介绍北极点的有关情况。根据文意，可知选C。点睛：对于阅读理解题，首先要粗读文章了解大意，其次通过细读，理解全文。在粗读的基础上，仔细阅读题后所给的题目，根据题目要求，再有重点地返回来仔细阅读。在阅读理解的题目中，所设问题主要有以下几种方式：找主题或概括文章的中心思想、就文中的具体事实和情节进行提问、根据文章的表层意思进行深层次的推理判断等，在细读时，要根据设问的方式，进行有侧重地阅读。1、概括文章中心思想。1)文首呈现主题句。2)文尾出现主题句。3)首尾呼应展现主题。4)文中表述主题。前面提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出，而后再做进一步的解释。5)文章没有主题句。在这种情况下，考生要把所有的细节综合起来。进行逻辑推理，概括归纳出文章的主题句。2.掌握文章的具体事实和重要情节。在考题中，经常会见到就文章中某一具体事实和重要情节进行测试的题目。例如，第4题，题意：冰块断做两口水道的原因是_。考查细节理解题。A. that the temperature suddenly drops气温突然下降；B. that the water under the ice is frozen冰下的水结冰了；C. that the ocean water under the ice moves冰下的海水移动了；D. that the surface is covered with lots of ice表面覆盖着很多冰。根据短文最后的内容The movement of the ocean water under the ice may often cause many different changes on the surface. Sometimes the ice breaks into two opening lanes of water called “leads”.，可知选C。这就要求考生在阅读时要注意辨认和记忆具体事实，重要情节，事物的起因、过程、结果及发生的地点、时间等，这些都有可能作为测试点。还有一些测试题，要求考生在理解的基础上，通过自己的思维将理解的内容系统化，比如计算、排序等题型。【能力选练】 B中考英语阅读理解分类练习：科普环保类Do you know why different animals or pests have their special colours? Colours in them seem to be used mainly to protect themselves. Some birds like eating locusts(蚱蜢)，but birds cannot easily catch them. Why? It is because locusts change their colours together with the change of the colours of crops. When crops are green, locusts look green. But as the harvest time comes, locusts change to the same brown colour as crops have. Some other pests with different colours from plants are easily found and eaten by others. So they have to hide themselves for lives and appear only at night.If you study the animal life, youll find the main use of colours is protecting themselves. bears, lions and other animals move quietly through forests. They cannot be seen by hunters. This is because they have the colours much like the tree. Have you ever noticed an even more strange act? A kind of fish in the sea can send out a kind of very black liquid(液体) when it faces danger. While the liquid spread over, the enemies cannot find it. And it immediately swims away. So it has lived up to now though it isnt strong at all.【能力选练】 CNow satellites are helping to forecast(预报) the weather. They are in space, and they can reach any part of the world. The satellites take pictures of the atmosphere (大气), because this is where the weather forms (形成). They send these pictures to the weather stations. So meteorologists(气象学家) can see the weather of any part of the world. From the pictures, the scientists can often say how the weather will change. Today, nearly five hundred weather stations in sixty countries receive satellite pictures. When they receive new pictures, the meteorologists compare them with earlier ones. Perhaps they may find that the clouds have changed during the last few hours. This may mean that the weather on the ground may soon change, too. In their next weather forecast, the meteorologists can say this. So the weather satellites are a great help to the meteorologists. Before satellites were invented, the scientists could forecast the weather for about 24or 48 hours. Now they can make good forecasts for three or five days. Soon, perhaps, they may be able to forecast the weather for a week or more ahead (提前). 1. Satellites travel _. A. in space B. above space C. above the ground D. in the atmosphere 2. Why do we use the weather satellites to take pictures of the atmosphere？Because _. A. clouds form there B. the weather forms there C. the weather satellites can do it easily D. the pictures can forecast the weather 3. Meteorologists forecast the weather _. A. without studying satellite pictures B. before they receive satellite pictures C. when they have received satellite pictures D. after they have compared the new satellite pictures with the earlier ones 4. Maybe well soon be able to forecast the weather for _. A. one day B. two days C. five days D. seven days or even longer 5. The main idea of this passage is that satellites are now used in _. A. taking pictures of the earth B. receiving pictures of the atmosphere C. weather forecasting D. doing other work in many ways 答案及解析这篇阅读材料向我们介绍了气象卫星在预报天气中所发挥的重要作用。如今，许多国家的气象站都是在接收到卫星云图后，由气象学家进行研究分析，然后预报天气的。在卫星的帮助下，人们可以预测未来三五天或更长时间内的天气状况。1. A。本题属表层理解题。短文首句即是答案之所在。2. D。From the pictures，the scientists can often say how the weather will change 是该小题答案的出处。3. D。答案就在 the meteorologists compare them with earlier ones. Perhaps they may find that the clouds have changed during the last few hours. This may mean that the weather on the ground may soon change, too 中。4. D。文章结尾的 Soon, perhaps, they may be able to forecast the weather for a week or more ahead 这句即是答案之所在。5. C。短文首句即点明了主旨。【能力选练】 D阅读下列材料，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳的答案。As teenagers, you have many dreams. These dreams can be very big, such as winning the Nobel Prize, or they can be small. You may just want to become one of the ten best students in your class.Once you find a dream, what do you do with it? Do you ever try to make your dream real? Follow Your Heart by Australian writer Andrew Matthews tells us that making our dreams real is lifes biggest challenge.You may think youre not very good at some school subjects, or that it is impossible for you to become a writer. These kinds of thoughts stop you from getting your dream, the book says.In fact, everyone can make his dream come true. The first thing you must do is to remember what your dream is.Dont let it leave your heart. Keep telling yourself what you want. Do this step by step and your dream will come true faster because a big dream is, in fact, many small dreams.You must also never give up your dream.There will be difficulties on the road to your dreams. But the biggest difficulty comes from yourself. You need to decide what is the most important. Studying instead of watching TV will lead to better exam results, while saving five yuan instead of buying an ice cream means you can buy a new book. As you get closer to your dream, it may change a little. This is good as you have the chance to learn more skills and find new interests.根据短文内容，选择正确答案，并将其字母代号填入答题卷相应空格内。（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）56. Follow Your Heart is .A. the first thing you must do to make your dream realB. the most important dream to have for teenagersC. the name of a famous Australian writer D. the name of a book by Andrew Matthews57. If you want to make your dream real, you should .A. remember what your dream is B. keep telling yourself what you wantC. never be afraid of difficulties D. try to start with all the things above58. From the text, we know the word“challenge”means“ ”.A. 变化 B. 挑战C. 决定D. 态度59. What shouldnt be done to make your dream come true?A. Always remember what your dream is. B. Watch TV instead of studying.C. Do what you should do step by step. D. Save money to buy new books.60. What is the best title for the text?A. Make a Big Dream B. How to Find Your Real DreamC. Never Stop Dreaming of Success D. Teenagers Have Many Dreams参考答案5660 DDBBC 【能力选练】 E左栏是五个社会现象的介绍，右栏是七个建议或措施的描述。请将左栏的现象与右栏的建议或措施进行匹配。() 11. The river in our neigh