非谓语动词课件.ppt

非谓语,非谓语动词,动名词v-ing,分词,现在分词v-ing,过去分词p.p,动词不定式todo,非谓的不同形式,否定式：在之前加“not”,1.Swimmingishisfavoritesport.2.Heenjoysswimming.3.Hisfavoritesportisswimming.4.Theswimmingpoolinourvillageisbeingbuilt.,（作主语）,（作宾语）,（作表语）,（作定语）,enjoyfinishpracticemindavoidsuggestadmitescapemissimaginerisk,+,doing,作宾语,adviseconsiderallowpermitforbid,+,doingsb.todo,注意,lookforwardtocanthelpbeusedtocantstandhavefunfeellikegiveupputoffpayattentiontohavedifficulty(in)insistonleadtodevotetoobjectto,+,doing,likelovepreferstartbegincontinue,+,doingtodo,4,forgetrememberregretstoptrymeangoon,+,doingtodo,5,needwantrequiredeservebeworth,+,doingtobedone,6,动词不定式,1.Toseeyouisglad.=Itisgladtoseeyou.2.Iwanttoseeyou.3.Iwanthimtoseeyou.4.Myhopeistoseeyou.,（作主语）,(作宾语）,（作宾补）,(作表语）,常用it作形式主语,句型1：Itisadj.for/ofsb.todosth.,Itis+adj+forsbtodosthItis+adj+ofsbtodosth,（是形容人的品质的）,（是形容事物的性质的）,Eg.Itiseasyformetofinishthisworkbeforeten.,(1)作主语,Itsimpoliteofyoutospeaktotheteacherlikethat.,句型2：It+谓语+todo,句型3：Its+n.+todo,Ittakesusanhour_gettherebybus.,Itsourduty_helpthepoor.,1.常见动词有：,(2)作宾语,2.见动名词用法,wantexpectwishallowadviseaskcauseforcebegencourageinviteorderwarnremindpermitpromiserequestpersuade,sb.todo,(3)作宾补,1.Makelessnoise，theresasleepingchild.,Thebridgebuiltlastmonthneedsrepairing.,Whatyousaidisreallyinspiring.,2.作后置定语,3.作表语,1.作前置定语,现分和过分作定语的区别：boilingwater正在沸腾的水（表正在进行）boiledwater开水（表完成）developingcountries发展中国家developedcountries发达国家adisappointinglook一个令人失望的表情adisappointedlook一个失望的表情注：修饰人的表情、脸色、情感等要用v-ed.Eg.Withadisappointedlookonhisface,helookedverysad.（复印资料）,Iheardthemsingingintheclassroom.,4.作补语,现在分词表主动进行，过去分词表被动完成,1.Seeingfromthetopofthetower,wecanseeabeautifulfactory.2.Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitbetter.,5.作状语,Hearingthebadnews,theycouldnthelpcrying.,Whentheyheardthebadnews,分词作状语：,Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.,Iftheyhadbeengivenmoreattention,Beingsoangry,hecouldntgotosleep.,Becausehewassoangry,Theycameintotheclassroom,singingandlaughing.,Toservethepeoplewell,Istudyhard.,将下列状语从句改为非谓语短语作状语：1.Becauseshewasmovedbythehero,shedecidedtostudyharder.,2.Whenhefoundthedoorlocked,hewenthome.,Hestartedearlyinorderthathecouldgetthereontime.,复印资料练习,不定式和分词作补语的区别：1.“吾看三室两厅一感觉”5看：see、watch、lookat、notice、observe3使：make、let、have2听：hear、listento1感觉：feel,seewatchlookatobservenoticehearlistentofeel,+,sb./sth.,+,dodoingdone,注：以上词语用于被动语态要还原“to”,2019/12/14,30,可编辑,注意：1.havesth.done还表示“使遭受”Eg:Mr.Smithhadhishousebrokenintowhilehewasawayonholiday.2.havesb.doing用于否定句中表示“容忍”Eg:Iwonthaveyouspeakingtoyourdadlikethat.,2.leave、keep、set、find、catch、with,Eg:Keeptheengineendnrunning.Weshouldkeepthewindowsclosed.,Eg:Wefoundhim(tobe)dishonest.,Eg:Icaughthimreadingmyprivateletter.,Eg:Withalotofdifficultproblemstosettle,themanishavingahardtime.,五.动名词的复合结构,1).物主代词/名词所有格+动名词在句中作主语:Maryscominglatemadeherteacherangry.Doyoumindmysmoking?Doyoumindmyreadingyourpaper?Theircomingtohelpwasagreatencouragementtous.Rosesgoingwontbeofmuchhelp.2).人称代词宾格/名词+动名词在句中作宾语:Imsureofhimcomingontime.Hehasneverheardofawomanbeingapilot.IdontmindJack(him)going.Shehatesyoungpeople(them)smoking.,独立主格结构,一般来说，分词或分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。但有时候，分词的动作不是由句子的主语发出来的，它有自己的逻辑主语。独立主格结构（IndependentGenitive）有两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词)或形容词、副词、或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做状语，多用于书面语。独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。,Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitbetter.,Nobodyhavinganymoretosay,themeetingwasclosed.,1独立主格结构的形式：,（1）名词/代词+-ing分词及其短语,Themoonappearing,theydecidedtogoonwiththeirjourney.Thepupilsarewalkingslowly,theirteacherfollowing.,（2）名词/代词+-ed分词及其短语,Good-byesaid,wewenthome.Allthingsconsidered,itisagoodplan.,（3）名词/代词+形容词及其短语,Theweather(being)hot,weallwentswimming.Dinnerready,thehostessaskedhergueststobeseated.,（4）名词/代词+不定式及其短语,Themoneytobepaidbythedriver,thepolicewentaway.Herearethefirsttwovolumes,thethirdonetocomeoutnextmonth.,（5）名词/代词+副词及其短语,Themeeting(being)over,welefttheroom.,（6）名词/代词+介词及其短语,Shestoodthere,bookinhand.Everybodyathome,wesatdowntodinner.,2with+复合宾语结构,这种结构也可以看成是一种独立主格结构。这种结构有较鲜明的特色。在这种结构中，with后的宾语相当于该结构中的逻辑主语，其后面的词相当于这个结构中的逻辑谓语。这个结构很像一个用来说明附带情况或细节的，可以起状语作用的句子。翻译时，with原有的含意往往不翻译出来。,（1）with+名词/代词+名词Thebravemanfoughtthetigerwithastickhisonlyweapon.Hewascarriedintothehospital,withhisfaceamassofbleedingflesh.,（2）with+名词/代词+介词Theteachercameintotheclassroomwithabookinhishand.Hewasasleepwithhisheadonhisarms.Familydependants,whenill,enjoyfreemedicaltreatment,withmedicinesathalfprice.,（3）with+名词/代词+副词Hewentoutwithhishaton.Thesquarelooksmorebeautifulthaneverwithherlightson.,4）with+名词/代词+形容词Dontspeakwithyourmouthfull.Theoncelowlyserfsnowwalkwithheadshigh.,5）with+名词/代词+-ing分词Withtheoldmanleading,thetwostartedtowardthemountains.Witheveryonesurroundinguswecancertainlysucceed.Shefeltverynervouswithsomanypeoplelookingather.,（6）with+名词/代词+-ed分词Alltheafternoonheworkedwiththedoorlocked.Hediedwithhislifesworkstillunfinished.Withhismattersettled,welefttheroom.,（7）with+名词/代词+不定式Theyarehighlymechanizedfarms,withmachinerytodomostofthework.Thiswasaseveretest,withinnumerabledifficultiestobeovercome.Withfiveminutestogobeforethelasttrainleft,wearrivedhere.,3.由Therebeing+主语这种结构多表示原因。例如：,Therebeingalotofbookstoread,heoftenstudiedtillmidnight.因为有许多书要读，他经常学习到深夜。,Thanksalot!,不定式、动名词用作主语,1。直接作主语（1）眼见为实（2）今天早晨做早操对身体无益（3）在这里吸烟很危险,1.Toseeistobelieve2.Todomorningexercisestodayisnotgoodforhealth.3.Tosmokehereisdangerous,（1）眼见为实。（2）天天做早操有益于健康。（3）吸烟不是好习惯。,1.Seeingisbelieving.2.Doingmorningexerciseseverydayisgoodforhealth3.Smokingisnotagoodhabit,不定式与动名词作主语的区别：不定式作主语时经常表示具体动作，而动名词作主语时经常表示抽象动作,A:如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的，可以在不定式前加一个由for引起的短语。Itiseasyforthestudentstoread.Itwillbeamistakeforustohelpyou.,B:下列形容词作表语时，不定式前常加一个of引起的短语，这些形容词是：(表评价性的，来说明逻辑主语的性质，特征，属性）kind,good,nice,wise,unwise,clever,silly,stupid,foolish,wrong,right,careless,rude,polite,naughtyetc.Itskindofyoutothinksomuchofus.Itsunwiseofhimtoleavehomeatonce.Itswrongofhimtospeakbadbehindothers.ItswrongofthesouthtobreakawayfromtheUnion.,动名词作主语用it作形式主语，有自己特定的句型,（1）广说不做没用（2）做无益的后悔没用（3）吸烟太多无益（4）学好英语是值得做的,4.ItsworthwhilelearningEnglishwell.,2.用it作形式主语，常与nouse,nogood,useless,worthwhile连用,1.Itsnousetalkingtoomuchwithoutdoinganything,2.Itsuselesscryingoverthespiltmilk,3.Itsnogoodsmokingtoomuch,1.Itsnouse_(sit)herewaiting.2.Thereisno_(say)whatwillhappennext.3.Isitanygood_(tell)himthetruth?4.Itisgreatfun_(play)golf.,小结：动名词与不等式作主语时的区别,一、对称原则二、特殊表达三、固定句型四、习惯用法,主语和表语对称,动名词表示经常性、反复发生的动作不等式表示具体的、某一次的动作,Ittakessbsometimetodosth,Itsnouse/nogood/useless/worthwhile+doingItskind/wise/cleverofsbtodosthItsimportant/necessary/hardforsbtodosth,（3）做表语：主语+系动词+不定式,1).其主语多为抽象名词(wish,need),Mywishistobeascientist.Themainthingistokeepourroomclean.,2).,betodo可构成将来时态,表“准备/打算/计划/需要”;,Sheistoreturnnextweek.Itwasabouttoleavewhenitstartedtorain.,不定式动词在介词but，except，besides后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带to，否则要带to。,Shecoulddonothingbutcry,Whatdoyouliketodobesidesswim?,Ihavenochoicebuttogo,(4)作定语,不定式作定语时，通常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。不定式常和它所修饰的词有动宾关系。如：,Ihavealotofworktodo.Herearesomebooksforyoutoread.Shewasthefirstpersontothinkoftheidea.TheymadeaplantostudyEnglish.HeexpressedhiswishtovisittheGreatWall.,不定式动词在介词but，except，besides后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带to，否则要带to。,Shecoulddonothingbutcry,Whatdoyouliketodobesidesswim?,Ihavenochoicebuttogo,(4)作定语,不定式作定语时，通常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。不定式常和它所修饰的词有动宾关系。如：,Ihavealotofworktodo.Herearesomebooksforyoutoread.Shewasthefirstpersontothinkoftheidea.TheymadeaplantostudyEnglish.HeexpressedhiswishtovisittheGreatWall.,1).目的状语:可放于句首,也可放于句末,前面可加inorder/soas/soasto表强调.,Hewenttoseetheartisthimself.Hestoppedtohavealook.Heransofastastogettoschoolintime,2).结果状语:主要用在enoughto/tooto/onlyto结构中。,Thequestionistoodifficulttoanswer.Theyworkedhardenoughtofinishtheirwork.,3).原因状语:主语+系动词+adj.+todo,表感情的adj.有:happy,surprised,pleased,gl