测井资料与应用 .ppt

测井资料与应用(3),GeoscienceCenter,BeijingMay,2009,2.5声波测井(AcousticLog),2.5.1测量原理,*声波发生器激发声波*声波沿井壁滑行传播*两个接收探头记录声波全波列信号*测量声波传播经过两个接收探头所用的时间t,Fullwaveform,ConventionalacousticlogrecordP(compressional),S(shear)andstoneleywaveform,compressional,常规声波测井一般提供声波时差t,GR,t,不同的地层具有不同的声波速度和时差t,2.5.3声波孔隙度,通常地层岩石骨架的声速都远大于孔隙中流体的声速高孔隙地层饱含更多的流体,其声速将较低*记录的总t=骨架t+孔隙流体t*声波速度(或t)与孔隙度紧密相关,sound,2.5.4应用,计算孔隙度估算地层破裂压力地层出砂分析计算渗透率纵合密度测井资料制作合成地震剖面,Wyllie平均时间公式(WTA)最常用的孔隙度公式:s=式中,tma纯地层骨架的声波时差;tf孔隙流体的声波时差;Cp压实校正系数.,Cp(tftma),(tctma),压实校正,固结不好(欠压实)的砂岩t较高,用其计算的孔隙度偏高(28-50%),通常需进行压实校正压实校正公式:致密地层Cp=1固结不好(欠压实)地层压实系数Cp0.81.3,压实校正图版范例砂岩t=110s/ft不校正:=40%选择Cp=1.5:27%,泥质影响校正,固结好(压实)纱岩:固结差(非压实)纱岩:简单公式:,油,气影响校正油,气的t大于水-油/气层处理出的AC偏大油,气影响校正系数:气层t=0.7AC油层t=0.9AC,GR,Cleansand,cleansand:tlog125s/fttm55.5s/fttf189s/ftCp=1.2Vsh0.1(10%)(125-55.5)/(189-55.50)/1.2Vsh69.5/133.5/1.20.10.43-0.10.33(%)Usecrossplot:0.3%,calculationUsingacousticdataalong,t,研究岩石的物理特性,*可用AC资料计算出许多岩石的弹性摸量参数*着些弹性摸量参数可用来评价储层压裂,出砂等问题,BoreholeBreakout,GoodBorehole,井壁稳定性分析,地层出砂分析,SandingPotentialPrediction,用斯通利波计算渗透率,*Permeabilityisaimportantparameterforreservoirevaluation*Permeabilityisdifficulttocalculatedaccurately*Stoneleywavecanbeusedtocalculatepermeabilitymoreaccurately,合成地震剖面,2.6电阻率测井,A,M,N,0,测量间距,电源,电压表,B,测井仪器,电场,电阻率测井示意图,不同地层的电阻率,松软地层(泥质砂岩)0.5ohmm-50ohmm.致密地层(碳酸岩)10ohmmto1000ohmm.喷发岩(硬石膏)可高达几千到上万ohmm,Presentation,Linearscalelogarithmicscale,Sandscale:0.02-200,Limestonescale:2-2000,2.6.3DualLateralResistivityTool,Investigatedepth-deeplogRD80in-shallowlogRS60inUsedtocalculatetrueformationRt&SW,2.6.4InductionToolSchematic,ConductivitylogInvestigatedepth-deeplogRD60in-shallowlogRS40inUsedtocalculatetrueformationRt&SW,*8Rtcurveswithdifferentinvestigationdepth(10120in)*Theloggingcurvesseparateinthepermeablezone.*Theinvasionprofileshowsustheflushedzone,transitionzoneandvirginzone.,HDIL(highresolutiondigitalinductionlog),Usefocusedcurrent*Veryshallowinvestigation(2-12in)*MeasureRtofflushedzone(RXO)*Usedforevaluationofinvadedaffection,2.6.5聚焦及微电阻率测井,2.6.6环境影响,Invadedzone,Noneinvadedzone,泥浆侵入对地层的污染,在泥浆侵入条件下的测井响应,主要的环境影响井眼垮塌电阻率差异大的围岩泥浆侵入.,Theaffectionofbedthickness,Logpg7-4,fig7-5,LowerRtofsurroundingbed,HighRtofsurroundingbed,BedthicknessCorrection(Inductionlog)Bedthickness6ftNocorrectionThinnerbedsneedmorecorrectionDifferentRsneeddifferentcorrection,ChartforboreholecorrectiontoduallateralExamplegive:Rm=1mRD=10mborehole=11inRLLDcorr101.414(m),WaterzoneSaltymud(RmRxoRmFreshwatermud(RmRw,highRtinvaded):RaRxoRmFreshwatermud(RmRw,highRtinvaded):RaRxoRmRaapparentlogresistivityRxoflushedzoneresistivityRmmudresistivity,Invasionaffection,Lowresistivityinvaded,Highresistivityinvaded,Highresistivityinvasion,Rw=0.04m/29CRmf=1.16m/28.5CRt(shallower)Rt(deeper).,Lowresistivityinvasion,Rw=1.14m/30CRmf=0.16m/27.8CRt(shallower)Rt(deeper).,2.6.7