新人教版英语选修8unit2 Reading 课件.ppt

Unit2Reading,CLONING:WHEREISITLEADINGUS?,Readtheexplanationandspeakouttheworditexplains.,basedonchanceratherthanbeingplannedorbasedonreason,togetsomething,especiallybyaskingforit,buyingit,workingforitorproducingitfromsomethingelse,animportantdiscoveryoreventthathelpstoimproveasituationorprovideananswertoaproblem,breakthrough,n.突破,procedure,n.程序；步骤；手续,obtain,vt.获得；赢得,arbitrary,adj.任意的,asetofactionswhichistheofficialoracceptedwayofdoingsomething,achangemadetosomethinginordertocorrectorimproveit,orwhenyoumakesuchachange,todoorbegintodosomething,especiallysomethingthatwilltakealongtimeorbedifficult,commercial,adj.商业的；贸易的,undertake,vt.着手；从事；承担,medium,n.媒介；手段；工具,relatedtobuyingandsellingthings,amethodorwayofexpressingsomething,correction,n.改正；纠正；修正,objectobjection,vi.反对；不赞成n.不赞成；反对；异议,accumulate,vt.积累；聚积,cast,vt.扔；投；掷,tocollectalargenumberofthingsoveralongperiodoftime,tofeelorexpressoppositiontoordislikeofsomethingorsomeone,tothrowsomething,conservative,adj.保守的；守旧的,oftennotlikingortrustingchange,especiallysuddenchange,ingreatdetail,orcomplete,correctortrueineveryway,exact,adj.精确的；准确的,carrier,n.携带者；搬运工；运输工具,altogether,adv.总共；完全地,completelyorintotal,apersonorthingthatcarriessomething,moral,adj.道德(上)的；伦理的,relatingtothestandardsofgoodorbadbehaviour,fairness,honesty,etc.whicheachpersonbelievesin,ratherthantolaws,straightforward,adj.简单的；坦率的,easytounderstandorsimple,toreachorsucceedingettingsomething;toachieve,forbid,vt.禁止；不准,attain,vt.获得；到达,n.双胞胎之一adj.成对的；成双的,twin,eitheroftwochildrenborntothesamemotheronthesameoccasion;,usedtodescribetwosimilarthingsthatareapair,torefusetoallowsomething,especiallyofficially,ortopreventaparticularplanofactionbymakingitimpossible,payoffcastdownobjecttoinfavourof,沮丧；不愉快得到好结果；取得成功；偿清赞成；支持反对,Match,Skimmingtogetgeneralideas,Whatsthemainideaofthetext?A.Animalcloningisveryvaluableandcanbenefittheworld.B.ItexplainshowcloningworksinthefirstsuccessfulcloneDollythesheep.C.ItillustratespeoplesviewsaboutDollysappearanceandcloningpeople.D.BothB担任,承担,同意。,由cast构成的常见短语有：becastdown沮丧，灰心e.g.Shecouldnotbeartoseehimsocastdown.她不忍见他如此沮丧。becastaway(因沉船而)漂流(在荒岸、荒岛)e.g.Allthesurvivorswerecastawayonanislandoffthecoast.所有的幸存者都漂流到了海岸边的一个岛上。,2.cast,castsb./sth.aside（因不喜欢或无用而）把丢在一旁，对置之不理e.g.WhenHenrybecameKing,hecastasideallhisformerfriends.亨利当上国王后就不理他以前的朋友了。caststh.up(海水)把冲上岸e.g.Abodyhadbeencastupontherocks.一具尸体被海水冲到了礁石上。注意：cast的过去式和过去分词都是cast。castdown和castaway通常用被动语态。,3.objectvi.反对；不赞成Iobjecttotheplan.我反对这项计划。objectvt.反对；不赞成Iobjectthatheistooyoungtotakethatposition.我提出反对意见:他太年轻不适合那个职位。,Haveyouanyobjectiontomyopeningthewindow?你反对我打开窗子吗？Mymainobjectiontotheplanisthatitcoststoomuch.我反对该计划的主要理由是它费用太高。,objectionn.不赞成；反对；异议,object作不及物动词时后一般接介词to；作及物动词时可接that引导的从句。objection是名词,常与have,take,feel等连用构成词组：a.haveobjectiontob.takeobjectiontoc.feelobjectionto,4.forbidvt.禁止；不准Smokingshouldbeforbiddeninpublicplaces.公共场所应禁止吸烟。,sth.doingsth.sb.todosth.sb.doingsth.sb.sththat,forbid是及物动词,常见的搭配有：,课文难句精析,CloningscientistswerecastdowntofindthatDollysillnessesweremoreappropriatetoamucholderanimal.研究克隆的科学家发现多莉得的病更容易发生在年老的羊身上，这让他们很沮丧。句中不定式tofindthat用作原因状语，that引导的从句作find的宾语。短语becastdown意为“沮丧”；beappropriateto表示“适合于”。,2.Itsuddenlyopenedeverybodyseyestothepossibilityofusingcloningtocureseriousillnessesandeventoproducehumanbeings.它突然打开了人们的眼界，使人们看到了利用克隆技术治愈重病，甚至制造人的可能性。句中介词短语“ofusingcloningtocureseriousillnessesandeventoproducehumanbeings”用作possibility的同位语，其中“tocureseriousillnesses”和“toproducehumanbeings”为并列关系。,【拓展】介词短语作同位语。再如：Everypartofthepowerplant,fromagiantgeneratordowntothesmallestscrew,hadbeenmadeinChina.这套发电设备的每一个零部件，从大型发电机到最小的螺钉，都是中国制造的。possibility为possible的名词形式，意为“可能，可能性”，通常后面跟of短语或that从句。,经常用到句型：Thereisapossibilitythate.g.Thereisnownopossibilitythathewillmakeafullrecovery.=Itisntpossiblenowforhimtomakeafullrecovery.他现在已不可能完全恢复。,Readthepassagequicklytofindthemainideaofeachparagraph.,Para.1Para.2Para.3Para.4Para.5,Cloningisawayofmakinganexactcopyofanotheranimalorplant.,Cloninghastwomajoruses.,TheproblemsofDolly,TheeffectofDolly,Cloninghumanbeingisaseriousissueforall.,Scanningtogetdetailinformation,1.Dollythesheep_.lookedexactlylikethesheepthatprovidestheeggcellwastheexactcopyofthesheepthatprovidesthenucleusC.lookedlikethesheepthatgavebirthtoitD.hadthecharacteristicsofallthreesheep,scanning,ReadingComprehensionII,2.ThecloningofDollythesheepsucceededbecause_.A.itseasiertocloneasheepthanotheranimalsB.thescientistsweredeterminedandworkedhardwithpatienceC.thescientistswererewardedandgotlotsofmoneyD.manyotherattemptstoclonemammalsfailed,3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethataclonedanimal_.A.usuallylivesaslongastheoriginaloneB.usuallyliveslongerthantheoriginaloneC.usuallydiesearlierthantheoriginaloneD.isusuallyashealthyastheoriginalone,4.WhatcausedDollythesheeptodie?A.Itsdiet.B.Itslivingconditions.C.Itsoldage.D.Itsseriousdiseases.,5.Whichofthefollowingisnotanadvantageofcloning?Cloningcanbeusedformedicalpurposes.Largequantitiesoffoodcanbeproducedbycloning.Cloningcanhelpkeepanimalsfrombecomingextinct.Famouspersonswhohavepassedawaycanbecloned.,6.Whatisthewritersattitudetowardscloning?A.Supportive.B.Neutral(中立的).C.Negative(否定的).D.Subjective.,ProcedureofCloningaSheep,克隆羊诞生图示,“多利”的诞生标志着克隆研究取得新的进展和重大突破,而且这个结果证明:动物体中执行特殊功能,具有特定形态的所谓高度分化的细胞与受精卵一样具有发育成完整个体的潜在能力。也就是说,动物细胞与植物细胞一样,也具有全能性。,“多利”的诞生有什么重大的意义和影响？,scanning,ReadingComprehensionIII,Readthepassageagainandanswerthesequestions.,1Whatarethetwomajorusesofcloning?2Whyisiteasiertomakecommercialplantclonesthananimalclones?3Whatwasthefirstclonefromanadultanimal?Atwhatagedidthisclonedie?4Whyiscloningcontroversialinsomecountries?,1Whatarethetwomajorusesofcloning?2Whyisiteasiertomakecommercialplantclonesthananimalclones?,Thefirstuseistoproducecommercialquantitiesofplants.Thesecondistoresearchonnewplantspeciesanddomedicalresearchonanimals.,Cloningplantsisstraightforward,butthecloningofanimalsisverycomplicated.,3Whatwasthefirstclonefromanadultanimal?Atwhatagedidthisclonedie?4Whyiscloningcontroversialinsomecountries?,ThefirstclonefromanadultanimalwasDollythesheep.Shediedin2003.,Cloningiscontroversialinsomecountriesformoralandreligiousreasons.,Fillinthechartusingtheinformationfromthetext.Addonereasonofyourownineachcolumn.,scanning,ReadingComprehensionIV,Answer:,Whatdoyouthinkisthewriterspointofviewinthisreadingpassage?Isitinfavourofcloningoragainstit?Ithinkthewriteris_because_,impartial,he/shedoesnotstateanypersonalopinionaboutcloning.,scanning,ReadingComprehensionV,Lookatthesepicturesbelowfirst.,Iscloningpeopleagoodthingorabadthing?Whatisyouropinionofcloning?Giveyourreasons.,Discussion,意大利狂人医生:安蒂诺里,冒死也要克隆人的科学家:布瓦瑟利耶,1.克隆技术现在还不成熟,克隆人可能有很多先天性生理缺陷。2.克隆人的身份难以认定,他们与被克隆者之间的关系无法纳入现有的伦理体系。,反对克隆人,3.克隆技术有可能被滥用,成为恐怖分子的工具。4.从生物多样性上来说,大量基因结构完全相同的克隆人,可能诱发新型疾病的广泛传播,对人类的生存不利。,“不让我们克隆人,就是不让我们修正我们的错误,人类历史难道能够这样构造吗？”纽约时报书评2.“当然应该克隆人,如果谁第一个掌握了这个技术,他就是我真正的、也是唯一的竞争对手。”比尔盖茨,支持克隆人,3.“克隆人绝对是科学上了不起的进步,克隆技术必将创造21世纪的辉煌。”麻省理工学院生命工程教授约翰布洛克4.“人体商业化是人类经济活动中无与伦比的成就,毫无疑问,克隆技术的出现将为世人创造一个最为广泛和深远的市场。”英国经济学家杂志。,Quiz,Completethefollowingsentenceswithproperwords.,1.Isawalittleboyc_astoneintotheriverjustnow.2.Theissueisnotquite_(简单的)asitseems.3.Doyouthinkanyonewouldo_ifIsmokehere?4.Themanalwaysmanagestoo_whathewants.,ast,straightforward,bject,btain,5.Tellmethe_(确切的)timewhenthenexttrainwillarrive.6.Themanfailedtoseethe_(商业的)valueofhisdiscovery.7.Thescientisthasmadeamajorb_incancerresearch.8.Themanagershouldu_fullresponsibilityfortheproject.9.Byinvestingwiselyhehasalreadya_afortune.,exact,commercial,reakthrough,ndertake,ccumulated,II.Completethefollowingsentenceswithoutchangingtheirmeanings.,1.Albertseemedinlowspirits,too.Albertseemedquite_,too.2.Theyareprohibitedfromrevealingdetailsaboutthecandidates.Theyare_revealingdetailsaboutthecandidates.3.Theoldmangaveawayabout$5millionintotaltocharitiesinhislifetime._theoldmangaveawayabout$5milliontocharitiesinhislifetime.,castdown,forbiddenfrom,Altogether,4.Idontthinkthatallthestudentsareopposedtobeingtreatedlikechildren.Idontthinkthatallthestudents_beingtreatedlikechildren.5.Ihavenoideaofwhatisinfashionsomychoiceisdecidedbychance.Ihavenoideaof